Electromagne,c
and


Quark‐Gluon
Plasma

Adithia
Kusno

 Outline

•  Rela,on
between
QGP
and
EMP


•  Rela,vis,c
Heavy‐Ions
Collision


•  Diagramma,c
Hard
Loop
Approach


•  Collec,ve
Behavior


•  Plasma
Oscilla,on



•  Landau
Damping

 Mo,va,on

•  Color
fluctua,ons
in
equilibrium
(white)
QGP
are
small
but
the

fluctua,ons
can
be
large
in
non‐equilibrium
unstable
QGP.


•  QGP
from
the
early
stage
of
rela,vis,c
heavy‐ion
collisions
is
unstable
with

respect
to
magne,c
modes.


•  QGP
becomes
spontaneously
chromomagne,zed.


•  To
study
the
structure
of
chromomagne,c
field
in
the
plasma.

 QGP
and
EMP


St.
M.
and
M.
H.
Thomas,
Ann.
Rev.
Nucl.
Part.
Sci.
57
(2007)
61

Phase
Diagram

 Modes

•  Longitudinal
modes

 
−i(ω t − k ⋅ r )
k  E δρ ~ e

•  Transverse
modes

 
−i(ω t − k ⋅ r )
k ⊥ E δj ~ e

•  with
E
electric
field,
k
wave
vector,
ρ
charge
density,
and
j
current.


 Longitudinal
Modes

•  Energy
is
transferred
from
par,cles
to
fields.
Unstable
configura,on.

Longitudinal
Modes

 Transverse
Modes

•  Unstable
 modes
 occurs
 because
 of
 anisotropy
 of
 the
 momentum

distribu,on.
Parton
momentum
distribu,on
is
ini,ally
strongly
anisotropic.

Transverse
modes
are
relevant
for
rela,vis,c
nuclear
collisions.

 Transverse
Modes

•  Unstable
modes
occur
due
to
anisotropy
of
the
momentum
distribu,on.


•  Momentum
distribu,on
can
monotonusly
decrease
in
every
direc,on.

•  Transverse
mode
are
relevant
for
rela,vis,c
nuclear
collisions.

 Equilibrium

•  Au‐Au
collisions
at
Q
~
200
GeV.


•  Ma_er
produced
appears
to
be
in
local
thermal
equilibrium.

Rela,vis,c
Heavy‐Ions
Collisions

 Transport
Theory

•  quarks



•  an,quarks


•  gluons


•  with


•  mean‐field
generator


•  collisionless
limit

 Fluctua,ons

•  Lineariza,on


•  Longitudinal
electric
fields

 Maxwell
Equa,ons

•  Transport
equa,on


•  Yang‐Mills
equa,on


•  with
gauge
dependence

 Transformed
Linear
Equa,ons

•  Transport
equa,on


•  Yang‐Mills
equa,on


•  with
gauge
dependence

 Polariza,on
Tensor

•  Fluctua,on

•  with


•  Currents


•  Polariza,on
tensor


•  with

•  having
symmetric
proper,es

•  from
conserva,on
of
currents

Diagramma,c
Hard
Loop
Approach


St.
M.
and
M.
H.
Thomas,
Phys.
Rev.
C
62,
036011
(2000)


•  in
hard
loop
approxima,on

 Dispersion
Equa,on

•  Equa,on
of
mo,on
of
chromodynamics
field
Aμ
in
momentum
space


(k g
2 µν
)
− k µ k ν − Π µν (k) Aν (k) = 0

•  with
kμν
(ω,k),
Πμν
gluon
self‐energy,
and
Aμ
~
eiωt.
Dispersion
equa,on

( )
det k 2 g µν − k µ k ν − Π µν (k) = 0
 Chromodielectric
Tensor

•  Dispersion
equa,on


•  chromo
dielectric
tensor


•  with

•  then
Dispersion
equa,on


•  Chromodielectric
tensor

 Collec,ve
Behavior

•  Debye
sphere
with


•  and
screening
length


•  with





























,












,





















,
if

 Plasma
Oscilla,on


•  Charge
fluctua,on


•  with
plasma
frequency

 Landau
Damping

•  Resonance
energy
transfer
from
electric
field
to
par,cles
with
v
=
v0

 Summary

•  Quark‐Gluon
Plasmas
is
similar
to
Electromagne,c
Plasmas.


•  Instabili,es
occur
because
to
anisotropy
of
the
momentum
distribu,on.


•  Weakly
coupled
magne,zed
QGP
can
behave
as
strongly
coupled
plasma.


•  QGP
is
generically
,me
dependent
and
evolves
fast
towards
equilibrium.


•  (Remarks:
There
is
no
QGP
analog
of
magnetohydrodynamics
of
EMP

because
every
quark
or
gluon
may
carry
charges
of
different
color).

 References

•  Manuel
&
Mrówczyński,
Local
Equilibrium
of
the
Quark‐Gluon
Plasma,

Phys.
Rev.
D68
(2003)
094010.


•  St.
Mrówczyński,
arXiv:0711.2003
[physics]
Electromagne,c
Fluctua,ons.


•  St.
Mrówczyński,
arXiv:0801.0536
[hep‐ph]
Chromodynamics
Fluctua,ons.


•  Vladimir
E.
Fortov,
Extreme
States
of
Ma_er:
On
Earth
and
in
the
Cosmos,

Springer,
2011.
(Not
yet
published.
Available:
February
14,
2011.
Access

from
h_p://books.google.com/).