Table 1: Mappings of Lean Production practices to ten impact areas

Impact Areas Lean Practice

1. New equipment/technologies
Manufacturing 2. Visual control
equipment 3. Specific equipment configurations (group technology, cellular
1 and technology layouts, continuous flow)
4. Production process reengineering
5. Total preventive maintenance
6. Shared vision of perfection
Processes - Elimination of non-value-adding tasks
technology - Minimized setup/changeover times
2 and - New process technologies
know-how - Standardized operating procedures; and standard work
- Value stream mapping
- Variability reduction and 6
- Visual control
Quality and
- Poka-yoke
productivity
3 - Quality at the source
Improvement
- TQM
and measures
- 5S, and Kaizen
- Root cause analysis
- Pull production, JIT-Kanban
- Small lot sizes
Production and - Minimum inventory
4
inventory control - Heijunka
- Pacing by takt time
- 5S
- Pull flow production
- Production leveling and smoothing and lot size reduction
Shop floor
5 - Point-of-use materials
management
- Visual control
- Value stream mapping
- Product standardization
Product design - Design For Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)
6
and development - Green design
- Concurrent Engineering
- Just-in-time (JIT) purchasing;
Supplier
7 - Keiretsu
relationship
- Easy access Integrated information system
- Just-in-time (JIT) delivery;
- Pacing by takt time (the rate of customer demand)
Customer
8 - Demand stabilization
Relationship
- Enhancement of product standardization
- Maximization customer value
- Intensive cross training programs and multifunctional workforce.
- Respect for people; human resource training and involvement
Workforce
9 - Work delegation and increased span of control; safety and health programs
management
- Employee evaluation and formal reward
- Incentives systems and pay for performance
- Ansoff matrix
- Porter’s generic strategies; cost leadership, differentiation, focus
Strategic management
10 - Five forces model
- Elements of corporate strategy
- Portfolio strategies

(Burtonshaw- Gunn (2010))