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BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.

English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu

DAY 4
★ Conversatie (2)
★ Text: Despre ce trebuie sa facem si ce nu
cand ne adresam celor din jur (2)
★ Vocabular (3)
★ Expresii (3)
★ Genul substantivelor (4)
★ Pluralul substantului (4)
★ Modul Imperativ (5)
★ Intrebarile disjunctive (5)
★ Exercitii (6)
★ Sa vorbim despre noi (7)
★ Zodiac – Taurul (7)
BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu


Diana: Hello, Tom! Glad to see you! How are you?
Tom: Very well, thank you. And you?
Diana: I am fine, thanks. I want to introduce you my friends, Miss
Brown and Mr. Dikson. They are my guests, they arrived in
Bucharest from London only a few days ago.
Tom: How do you do? Glad to meet you!
Friends: How do you do? (They shake hands).
Tom: Where are you going?
Diana: We want to see the centre of the city. Will you join us?
Tom: What a pity! I am busy now and I can’t accompany you.

When visiting Great Britain for the first time it is necessary to know
most of the “do’s and don’ts”. Here we are going to speak about the forms
of greetings.
The very formal “How do you do?” is not a question; that’s why it
doesn’t require any other answer than “How do you do?” This form of
greeting is used when you are introduced to someone or if you meet
someone for the first time.
If you often meet someone you usually say, “How are you?” The
answer to such a greeting must be short, for example: “Very well, thank
you, and how are you?”
But that is not all. You can, of course, say “Good morning” on
entering or leaving, for example, a shop or an office in the morning. You
can say it till noon (till about 12 o’clock in the afternoon). Till about 6
o’clock in the evening you say, “Good afternoon”, and from that time on
“Good evening”. But all these are rather formal greetings.
If you meet a friend of yours you may just say, “Hello, Dan” or
“Hello, Mary”.
The manner of addressing people in Britain is quite different from
ours.
First of all never use the words “sir” or “madam” while speaking
with equals. A usual form of addressing people is “Mr. Smith”, “Mrs.
Smith”. But you must remember that “Mrs.” is the form of addressing a
married woman, while “Miss” is used for single woman.
The next rule to remember is about shaking hands. British people
avoid shaking hands as much as possible. They shake hands with you when
they meet you for the first time or when they leave for long. And remember

Day 4 2
BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu
that it is always the visitor who offers his hand first, even if the person
visited is a woman.


about [ə‘baut] prep. = gentleman [‘djentəlmən] quite [kwait] adv. = foarte,
despre s. = tocmai
to accompany domn rather [‘ra:δ ər] adv. = mai
[ə‘kʌmpəni] greeting [‘gri:tiɳ] s. = degrabă
v. = a însoţi salut, to remember [ri‘membər]
answer [‘a:nsər] s. = salutare v. = a-şi
răspuns guest [gest] s. = oaspete, aminti
to answer [‘a:nsər] v. = a musafir to require [ri‘kwaiər] v. =
răspunde hand [hænd] s. = mână a cere, a
to arrive [ə‘raiv] v. = a here [hiər] adv. = aici necesita
sosi, a veni if [if] conj. = dacă rule [ru:l] s. = regulă
(la, în) to introduce to to say [sei] v. = a spune
to avoid [ə‘void] v. = a [intrə`dyu:s] = to see [si:] v. = a vedea
evita, a a prezenta shop [∫ op] s. = magazin
ocoli to join [djoin] v. = a se short [∫ ort] adv. = scurt
to be busy [bizi] v. = a fi alătura, a însoţi
ocupat
single [siɳgl] adj. =
just [djʌst] adv. = tocmai, necăsătorit
to be introduced to exact
[intrə`dyu:st] v. = a fi
someone [sʌmwʌn] pr. =
to know [nəu] v. = a şti cineva
prezentat
lady [‘leidi] s. = doamnă to speak [spi:k] v. = a
to be used for [yuzd] = a
to leave [li:v] v. = a pleca, a vorbi
fi folosit
părăsi such [sʌt∫ ] adj. = astfel de
pentru
British [‘briti∫ ] adj. = to like [laik] v. = a (-i) than [δ æn] conj. = decât,
plăcea ca
britanic
bus [bʌs] s. = autobuz manner [‘mænər] s. = till [til] prep. = până (la)
mod, fel
can [kæn] v. = a putea time [taim] s. = timp, oră
married [‘mærid] adj. = to [tu:] prep. = către, spre
can’t [ka:nt] = nu pot căsătorit
centre [‘sentər] s. = centru to meet [mi:t] v. = a (se) usual [‘yu:juəl] adj. =
city [siti] s. = oraş obişnuit
întâlni
day [dei] s. = zi must [mʌst] v. = a trebui usually [‘yu:juəli] adv. = de
obicei
different [‘difərənt] adj. = să
diferit next [nekst] adj. = care to visit [‘vizit] v. = a vizita
to enter [entər] v. = a urmează visitor [‘vizitər] s. =
vizitator
intra în noon [nu:n] s. = amiază
equal [i:kwəl] adj. = egal now [nau] adv. = acum, în to want [wont] v. = a vrea, a
dori
first [fə:rst] = primul prezent
form [fo:rm] s. = formă to offer [‘ofər] v. = a oferi when [wen] adv. = când
often [‘ofən] adv. = where [weər] adv. = unde
formal [‘fo:rməl] adj. =
oficial adesea, while [wail] conj. = în timp
frecvent ce
friend [frend] s. =
prieten(ă) or [o:r] conj. = sau, ori whom [hu:m] = cui
play [plei] s. = piesă, joacă word [wərd] s. = cuvânt,
question [‘kwest∫ ən] s. = vorbă
întrebare

Hello! = Bună! only a few days ago = doar acum
Glad to see you! = Îmi pare bine să te câteva zile
văd!
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BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu
How do you do? Glad to meet you! in the afternoon = după-amiaza
= Încântat de cunoştiinţă! in the evening = seara
How do you do? = Încântat de from that time on = de atunci încolo
cunoştiinţă. a friend of yours = un prieten de-al
Will you join us? = Vrei să vi cu noi? tău
What a pity! = Ce păcat! first of all = în primul rând
for the first time = pentru prima dată to shake hands = a da mâna
most of = mare parte din as much as possible = cât de mult
that’s why = de aceea posibil
for example = de exemplu to leave for long = a pleca pentru
of course = desigur mult timp
in the morning = dimineaţa even if = chiar dacă

Answer the following questions:

1. Is the greeting “How do you do?” a question?


2. What answer does it require?
3. When is this form of greeting used?
4. Whom do you say, “How are you?”
5. What is the answer to such a greeting?
6. When and where can you say “Good morning”?
7. What formal greeting do you know?
8. What may you say if you meet a friend of yours?
9. What is the usual form of addressing people in England?
10. Do the Englishmen like to shake hands?
11. When do they shake hands?
12. Who offers the hand first?

Genul
substantivelor
Cum ştii care sunt substantivele feminine şi care sunt cele masculine?
a. Învaţă formele de masculin şi cele de feminin:
boy (băiat) girl (fată) brother (frate) sister (soră)
man (bărbat) woman (femeie) husband (soţ) wife (soţie)
gentleman (domn) lady (doamnă) king (rege) queen (regină)
son (fiu) daughter (fiică) cock (cocoş) hen (găina)

b. Adaugă la forma de masculin terminaţia -ess:


actor (actor) actress director (director) directress
master (stăpân) mistress host (gazdă) hostess
prince (prinţ) princess Mr. (domnul) Mrs.
sheperd (păstor) shepherdess tiger (tigru) tigress

Pluralul
substativelor
1. Adaugă terminaţia -s la forma de singular:

Day 4 4
BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu
 town towns  chart charts  market markets
gardens
carpet
bo
 office offices  play plays  manager managers

2. Pentru substantivele terminate în consoane şuierătoare: -ch, -sh, -s, -ss, -x,
şi –o adaugă terminaţia -es:
 watch watches  dress dresses  bus buses
 dash dashes  box boxes  class classes
 potato potatoes  tomato tomatoes  hero heroes

3. În cazul substantivelor terminate în consoană + -y adaugă terminaţia -es şi


transformă-l pe -y- în -i-:
 body bodies  country countries  company companies

4. Dacă întâlneşti substantive terminate în -f şi -fe transformă consoana -f în v, şi


adaugă terminaţia -es, respectiv -s. Nu-ţi face probleme, trebuie să înveţi puţine
substantive care se termină in -f sau -fe:

 leaf leaves  knife knives  shelf shelves


 half halves  wife wives  self selves
 life lives  loaf loaves  wolf wolves

Modul Imperativ
★ Foloseşte-l pentru persona a-II-a singular şi plural atunci când adresezi o
rugăminte, un sfat sau un ordin.
★ Învaţă cele două forme: afirmativ şi negativ.
★ La afirmativ foloseşte infinitivul scurt al verbului, cu care începi propoziţia.
Subiectul este implicit.
Come here, please! Vino aici, te rog! / Veniţi aici, vă rog!
Open the window, please! Deschide fereastra, te rog!
Let’s get busy! Hai să ne apucăm de treabă.
Bring me a glass of water, please! Adu-mi un pahar cu apă, te rog!
Leave earlier tomorrow! Pleacă mai devreme mâine!
★ La negativ pune “don’t” în faţa verbului:

Don’t smoke in this room, please! Vă rog nu fumaţi în această cameră!


Don’t be late, please! Vă rog nu întârziaţi!
Don’t cross the street here! Nu traversa strada aici!
Don’t speak unless somebody asks you. Nu vorbi decât dacă te întreabă cineva.
Don’t park the car here. It’s forbidden. Nu parca aici! Este interzis.

Întrebările disjunctive

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BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu
★ Întrebările disjunctive sunt întrebări pe care le adaugi la sfârşitul propoziţiei,
când ştii deja răspunsul, cu sensul de “Nu-i aşa?”
Mary is here, isn’t she? You like beer, don’t you?
They are leaving, aren’t they? She doesn’t drink coffee, does she?
He has brown hair, hasn’t he/doesn’t he? He isn’t your boss, is he?
★ Subiectul întrebării disjunctive trebuie să fie acelaşi ca şi subiectul verbului
principal. Dacă prima parte a propoziţiei este la afirmativ, atunci întrebarea
disjunctivă o pui la negativ şi, invers.
Prima parte a propoziţiei Întrebarea disjunctivă
Afirmativ Negativ
Negativ Afirmativ
★ În engleza americană, foloseşti o formă a lui “do”, când “have” este verbul
principal.

Exercise #1
Scrie pluralul următoarelor substantive:

man, watch, toy, zero, child, day, housewife, office, woman, lady, foot, dictionary,
dress, tooth, brush, shelf, box, mouse.

Exercise #2
Trece următoarele propoziţii la singular:

1. These young men are our fellow workers.


2. Those ladies are our new colleagues.
3. Our books are on the shelves.
4. Those children have many toys.
5. Their shoes are very smart.
6. They are friends.
7. Those women are secretaries.
8. We have watches.

Exercise #3
Adaugă întrebări disjunctive:

1. She has a new camera. 2. They aren’t at school now. 3. Your English-Romanian
dictionary is on your desk. 4. We haven’t our English classes in the evening. 5. I
am your teacher. 6. You have a large flat. 7. She is an engineer. 8. He isn’t a
doctor. 9. You at the office now. 10. All the ladies in this room have nice dresses
on.

Exercise #4
Trece următoarele propoziţii la plural:

1. Her dictionary is on the desk.


2. Your exercise is very good.
3. Isn’t her friend at home?
4. Is that her briefcase?
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BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu
5. Its colour is white.
6. I have a table and a chair in my room.
7. Her room has a picture on the wall.
8. Has the manager a new secretary?
9. That lady hasn’t a new dress.
10. You have your English class in the evening.
11. Has my classroom a good whiteboard?

Exercise #5
Tradu în engleză:
1. Ia loc şi dă-ţi jos haina! 6. Nu vorbi în timpul filmului!
2. Du-te acasă! 7. Deschide computerul!
3. Lasă-mă în pace! 8. Vorbeşte puţin mai tare, te rog!
4. Pune la poştă această scrisoare! 9. Nu trimite încă faxul.
5. Închide uşa, te rog. 10. Încetineşte, te rog!

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BranSoft Consulting Center Ltd.
English Course Beginners Dan Brănescu

Iată în continuare un mic ghid care să te ajute să te prezinţi în faţa


colegilor. Ai încedere în ceea ce şti şi treci la treabă!

1. Salutăţi colegi! Greet your classmates!

2. Spune care este numele tău şi Say your name and your nickname!
numele de alint!
My name is … / I’m …
I’m called … (nickname) / I don’t have a nickname.
3. Spune câţi ani ai! Say how old you are!
I’m … (years old).

4. Spune ce meserie ai! Say what job you have.


I am a/an …

5. Spune funcţia pe care lucrezi! Say your work postion.


I work as a/an …

6. Spune ce-ţi place cel mai mult Say what you like most to do!
să faci!
I like to + verb
I like + verb-ing
7. Spune ce nu-ţi place să faci! Say what you don’t like to do.
I don’t like to + verb
I don’t like + verb-ing
8. Mulţumeşte colegilor tăi că te- Thank you classmate for listening!
au ascultat.
Thank you very much for listening!

9. Prezintă colegilor persoana Introduce the next speaker to your


care urmează. classmates.
Let me introduce to you … (name). He/she speaks next.
This is … (name). He/she speaks next.

The planet Venus rules Taurus, which is an


earth sign. Astrologers consider Taureans to

β
be loyal, stable, conservative, practical,
TAURUS patient, and good-natured. Taureans have
the Bull, April 20 – May 20 deep sentimental attachments but can be
jealous and possessive; they are said to
appreciate beauty and pleasure in all forms.

Day 4 8

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