AW101

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH 1
Chapter 1:
Introduction To OSHA
COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Define the concept of occupational safety
and health.
 Explain the history of occupational safety
and health.
 Explain the importance of safety in the
workplace.
 Describe the major safety terminologies.
 Classify types of accident.
INTRODUCTION
 Occupational
safety and health
(OSH) is a basic
human right for
safety at
workplace
 WARNING
DON’T WATCH THIS IF YOU HAVE
A WEAK HEART!
But Some accident is just our own
fault
CONCEPTS OF OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
 Accident prevention is an essential part of good
management and workmanship
 Management and workers must cooperate
 Top management must take the lead
 A define and known safety and health policy
 Organization and resources to achieve policy
 Best available knowledge and methods
HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
 Until 1970, there were no national laws for safety
and health hazards
 Several tragedies had occurred
 The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York
City killed 146 of 500 employees
 Production for World War I caused a crisis in workplace
safety and health conditions.
 By the 1960’s, 14,000 workers died every year and more
than 2.2 million workers were not able to work from
injuries and illnesses
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
 The Era of Boiler Safety- Before 1914
 Around 1890’s Perak state government
elected a personnel expertise in steam boiler
and was given a license as boiler surveyor
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
 The era of machinery safety- 1914 to
1962
 On 1 January 1914, all the steam boiler
enactments was replaced with “Machinery
Enactment”.
 The inspector inspects the steam boiler and any
other machinery such as internal combustion
engine, water turbine and any other auxiliary
installation involved
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
 The era of industrial safety- 1953 to 1967
 All the machinery enactment used before
1953 was then replaced with Ordinal 1953.
 The role of an inspector has expanded from
only inspecting the steam boiler to the safety
of workers in factories that uses machinery.
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
 The era of industrial safety and health-
1970 to 1994
 Akta Kilang dan Jentera’ (Factories and
Machinery Act ) 1970 was approved by the
parliaments.
 To solve all the shortcoming of the Machine
Ordinal 1953, as the workers in a workplace
without machine previously are now being
protected under the new Acts.
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF OSHA IN MALAYSIA
 The era of occupational safety and
health- 1994 onwards
 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was
enacted in 1994
 FMA 1967 emphasis on safety while OSHA 1994
emphasis on addressing health hazards in the
workplace
IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN THE
WORKPLACE
 Employees can remain motivated if they
feel safe and happy
 Formation and implementation of safety
programs that are meant to teach the
employees to handle risks
 Violence at workplace
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Accident- An unplanned unexpected event
which may result in loss, injury or damage
 Code of Practice- A body of rules for Practical
Guidance only and not having the force of law
although failure to comply may be used in
evidence in legal proceedings.
 Ergonomics- The study of relationship between
workers and their occupation, equipment and
environment and particularly, the application of
anatomical, physiological and psychological
knowledge to the problems arising there from.
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Fire Precautions- The measures taken and the fire
protection features provided in a building (e.g. design,
systems, equipment and procedures) to minimize the risk to
the occupants from and outbreak of fire.
 Fire Prevention- The concept of preventing outbreaks of
fire, of reducing the risk of fire spreading and avoiding
danger to persons and property from fire.
 First Aid- The skilled application of accepted principles of
treatment on the occurrence of an accident or in the case
of sudden illness, using facilities or materials available at
the time.
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Hazard- The exposed danger, a condition or practice with
potential for loss. A situation that may give rise to personal
injury or asset damage or both.
 Manual Handling- Any means of transporting or supporting
a load manually. Lift, putting down, pushing, pulling,
carrying or moving by hand of bodily force.
 Means of Escape- Structural means whereby a safe route
is provided for persons to travel unaided from any point in a
building to a place of safety
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Near Miss- An incident, which does not show a visible
result, but had the potential to do so.
 Policy- A statement of corporate intent, which will be
adopted and pursued as advantageous or expedient.
 Qualified Worker- One who is accepted as having the
necessary physical attributes, who possesses the required
intelligence, training and education, and has acquired the
necessary skill and knowledge to carry out the work in
hand to satisfactory standards of safety, quantity and
quality.
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Reasonably Practicable- A computation made in which
the quantum of risk is placed on one scale, and the
disadvantages involved in the measure necessary of
averting the risk is placed upon the other. A balance
between: risk and cost, inconvenience, effect on
production.
 Risk Assessment- A process where hazards are identified
and risks evaluated, with the objective of eliminating or
reducing the risks as low as reasonably practicable.
 Safety Audit- Monitoring of the implementation of a safety
policy by subjecting each area of an activity to a systematic
critical examination with the purpose of minimizing loss,
and providing a quantified assessment of performance
MAJOR SAFETY
TERMINOLOGIES
 Safety Inspection- Systematic assessment of
safety standards for plant, place of work,
working. Carried out by a manager and not a
safety adviser/engineer.
 Safety Monitoring- Periodic checks on
observance of corporate safety standards and
procedures.
 Workplace- The workplace may be described
as any place where people are at work
TYPES OF ACCIDENT
 Accident happens
mostly due by two
major causes:
 Unsafe condition at the
workplace
 Unsafe act done by a
person or a group
Thank
you for
being
SAFE