mixeil javaxiSvilis ukanaskneli wlebi da sikvdili

• “თუ მართლა კვდება სამშობლო ჩემი, სიკვდილო, შესდექ,

ჯერ მე მოვკვდები”

mixeil javaxiSvili 1903wlidan moyolebuli

mwerlobasTan da Jurnalistur moRvaweobasTan
erTad aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli Tavisi qveynis
socialur da politikur saqmianobaSi. politikiT
gatacebam ki mas mravali usiamovneba miayena da
bolos 1937 wels, roca dasWirdaT mis mimarT
wayenebuli braldebebis damZimeba da
sabraldebulo saqmis Seqmna, Sejamebuli iqna ra
politikur sferoSi misi saqmianoba, javaxiSvilis
bedi sabolood gadawyvita. warsulic gauxsnes da
araferic ar apatiebs. Ees maSin moxda, roca is
politikur sakiTxebSi aRar ereoda. Ddidi xnis
Camocilebuli iyo da mTlianad literaturuli
cxovrebiT cxovrobda.

mixeil javaxiSvils TviTon aqvs aRniSnuli,

rom 1917 wlidan is erovnul-demokratiuli
partiiis wevrad iricxeboda. Tavisi saidumlo
muSaobis Taobaze mas ubis wignakSi uweria: ,,Cemi
saidumlo muSaoba partiaSi 1921-1923wlebSi
hgavda im adamianis saqciels, romelmac
curaoba ar icis, magram sxvis
dasaxmareblad iskupa xididan, wyalSi
gadavarda. Aamis axsna SeuZlebelia. Aq
muSaobs idumali alRo moZmis miSvelebisa
da im alRos asjer meti Zala aqvs, vidre
Segnebas.’’ revoluciisadmi Tavisi
damokidebuleba ki ase uweria: ,,Cveni epoqa-
revolucia CemTvis saSineli tragediaa,
vinaidan Cems Tvalwin kvdeba Zveli qveyana
da ibadeba axali qveyana. Aamitom aris ase mgloviared guSindeli poeti,
amitomac xarxarebs dRevandeli Wabuki komkavSirelic. jobda an ufro adre
gavCeniliyavi, an ufro gvian.’’

Canawerebidan naTlad Cans Tu ra

erovnuli tkivilebi amoZravebda mis
suls, mTel mis arsebas, da am
grZnobebis daZlevas, rogorc drois
moTxovna karnaxobda. uTuod didi
dro dasWirdeboda, ufro
TavSekavebuli da gulCaTxrobili
gaxda, magram es ar ikmares misma
mowinaagmdegeebma , mweralma ki is ver
uaryo bolomde, rac Rrmad swamda da
amitom Tavis mrwamss Seewira.

javaxiSvilis nawerebidan Cans is

winaaRmdegobebi da ganxeTqilebani,
romelic am rTul gzaze arsebobda.
Ppartiis wevrebs Soris erTsulovneba
ar iyo da ufro metic, mwerali menSevikebis mimarT keTilganwyobili ar iyo.
1923 wels nacional-demokratiuli partiis likvidacia moxda da misi yvela
wevri daapatimres. maT Soris mixeil
javaxiSvilic. Mmisi ufrosi qaliSvili
qeTevani igonebs, rom is maSin 9 wlis iyo da
bevri ra ar axsovs, magram mamis cixeSi yofnis
periodi naTlad SemorCa mis gonebas: ,, mama
orTaWalis cixeSi 6 Tve iyo me da deda
xSirad davdiodiT masTan da sursaT-sanovage
migvqonda. Ddedam raRac xerxiT mamas gaagebina,
rom sursaTs Seugzavnida Tu ara maSinve
fanjarasTan misuliyo da gadaexeda, sadac mas
velodebodiT, dagvinaxavda Tu ara baRSi
misulebs xels dagviqnevda da frangulad
gvelaparkeboda. fanjarasTan sacodavad idga
da RimiliT gviyurebda. mas TeTri perangi
ecva. Zalze gamxdari da fermkrTali
meCveneboda. im 6 TveSi rac mama cixeSi imyofeboda Cven didi gaWirveba da
sulieri wameba gamoviareT mamas sasjelis umaRlesi zoma daxvreta qonda
misjili da hgonebia, rom es ambavi Cvenc vicodiT. Mmama rom ganTavisuflda,
dedas uambo, rom is didxans oqms xels ar awerda, romelic gamomZieblis
mier iyo SeTxzili da bolos ueSmakiaT: erT dRes dedasTvis mamis naxvis
ufleba miuciaT, ramdenime wuTiani paemani rom damTavrda da mama sakanSi
dabrunda, qalis saSineli kivili Semoesma Turme., yuri miugdia da dedas xma
moCvenebia, mivardnia karebs, gauxedavs da daunaxavs, rom or-sam kacs viRac
qali mihyavdaT, aseTive kabaSi gamowyobili rogorc im dRes deda. sacodav
mamas ufiqria, rom deda dakiTxvaze Seiyvanes, gamotexis mizniT awames da
saSinel dReSi Caagdes. Mmama anerviulda da mouTxovia: exlave SewyviteT
inkvizacia, me metis atana aRar SemiZlia da rac ginda yvelaferze xels
movawero”. Aase mouwerinebiaT misTvis xeli. aseTive xerxi ixmares 1937
welsac erTxel kidev gaimeores, roca mixeili yalb Cvenebaze xels ar
awerda. gamomZiebels uTqvams misTvis: ,,Tu exlave ar moawerT xels col-
Svils aq moviyvanT da Tqvens winaSe vawamebTo”. Ronemixdilsa da nawamebs
ZaliT moawerines xeli. SemdegSi, rodesac mwerlis reabilitacia gamocxadda,
misi saxeli aRdga da udanaSauloba damtkicda, sabWoTa kavSiris generalurma
prokurorma rudenkom Tqva: ,,ise, rogorc mixeil javaxiSvils dakiTxvalze
awamebdnen is aseT dakiTxvaze ki moawerda xels, romelic erT gverds
Seadgens, aramed imazec moawerda xels, rom is iranis Sahi iyo,

mas Semdeg ra mixeilma xeli moawera Cvenebaze, mas daxvreta

gadauwyvites. Yyovel Rames jalaTebis mokiTxvas eloda……

mixeilis megobrebs, maT Soris pavle ingoroyvasa da eqim nikoloz

YyifSiZes Tavi gadaudviaT da im xanad TbilisSi myof sergo orjonikiZesTvis
uTxoviaT, qarTveli xalxisaTvis eCuqebina niWieri mwerlis, mixeil
javaxiSviklis sicocxle. ,,rkinis komisari im
dRes karg gunebaze yofila….

cixidan mixeili Zalzed dasustebuli da

daavadmyofebuli dabrunda. Mmiuxedavad didi
gaWirvebisa mas didi xelSewyoba hqonda ojaxidan.
mweralma Tavi mianeba partiul saqmianobas da
mTilanad literaturul cxovrebaSi CaerTo.
cixis kedlebSi gatarebuli dReebi, nafiqrali da
gancdili Tavis nawarmoebebSi gafanta. cixeSi
gatarebulma dReebma Rrma kvali daamCnia mwerlis
sulier mdgomareomaze. cxovrebis manZilze is
samjer iyo patimari. Ppirvelad 1910 wels roca
mas gazeT ,,glexis” redaqtorobisTvis erTi wlis
cixe da 5 wlis gadasaxleba miusajes. Meored 1923 wels da mesames 1937 wels.

Mmwerlis im fiqrebma da zraxvebma . romelTac politikur brZolaSi ar

eweraT gamarjveba, sawindari hpoves mis mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi. marTalia,
Zalze frTxilad, alegoriulo formiT axdens Tavisi satkivaris mxatvrul
sityvaSi gacxadebas javaxiSvili, magram esec ar rCebaT SeumCneveli. vinc
xelisuflebas ewinaaRdegeba ,, xalxis mteria”, vinc jer kidev meryobs
,,Tanamgzavri”. Mmixeilac ,,Tanamgzavris” pativi argunes.

XX saukunis 20_ian wlebSi is yvelaze popularuli xdeba, Tumca

proletaruli mwerlebis warmomadgenlebi uteven da mis yovel nabijs
akritikeben, ris gamoc javaxiSvils erT-erTi gamosvlis dros maTi
misamarTiT uTqvams: ,,Cveni administraciuli daSinebiTa da muqariT
proletarul mwerlebs verc waswevT. gaunaTlebeli da uSromeli mwerali
klasikosi ver gaxdeba. Tqven mwerlis fsiqologias araviTar nagariSs ar
uwevT. SemoqmedebiTi Sejibris geSiniaT da amitom mebrZviT. kvaWi davxate ,
miTxariT: es Sen xaro; jayo da Teimurazic Sen TviTon xaro, givi Saduri ki
Seni portretiao. Aaxla isRa damrCenia orsuli davxato da imazec miTxraT
esec Sen xaro.”imxanad mwerlebs jer kidev SeeZloT SeeqmnaT literaturuli
dajgufebani, gamoecaT Jurnal-gazeTebi. aseTi maTgani iyo 1927 wels
aRmocenebuli Jurnali ,,arifoni.”asociaciis Tavmjdomare gaxda javaxiSvili.
Aasociaciiis wevrebma 1928 wels gamosces Jurnali, romlis arsebobac
xanmokle aRmoCnda. 1929wels martSi Catarda
saqarTvelos mweralTa meore yriloba,
romelzedac moxseneba gaakeTa filipe
maxaraZem. Yyrilobaze dagmobil iqna
,,arifonis” saqmianoba da es jgufi
daiSala kidec.

1932 wels TebervalSi gaimarTa

qarTvel mweralTa plebumi. Aam plebumze
didi risxva daatyda Tavs mixeils,
rogorc Znelad gardasaqmnel mwerals,
gagacnobT erT monakveTs besarion
JRentis gamosvlidan: ,, Tu mixeil
javaxiSvils Tavisis muSaobis pirvel
periodSi ganvicdiT, rogorc garkveuli
revoluciuri Tanamgzavri tendenciis matarebel mwerals da
vfiqrobdiT, rom misi ganviTarebis dialeqtika mogvcemda sabWoTa
literaturis erT magaliTs, misma Semdgomma ganviTarebam mogvca
sawinaaRmdego. Ees damokidebuleba misTvis……”
 TandaTanobiT iZabeboda situacia da xelovnurad aCqarebdnen im dRis
moaxloebas, roca unda dasrulebuliyo mixeil javaxiSvilis cxovreba.

1937 wels ivnisis TveSi gaimarTa kompartiiis yriloba, romelzedac

moxsenebiT gamovida lavrenti beria. Mman mixeili moixsena da naTeli gaxda,
rom saqme cud mimarTulebas iRebda. Aamis Semdeg gaimarTa mweralTa kavSiris
sxdoma, romelzedac gakritikikebulebi iyvenen mwerlebi, romlebic beriam
moixsena. Mmwerlebma am sxdomaze TavianTi gamosvliT saTanado STabeWdileba
ver datoves, ar moinanies TavianTi
codvebi da qedi ar moixares, amitom
xelisufleba ukmayofilo darCa.

1937 wlis 8 ivniss gaimarTa

prezediumis sxdoma. Mmwerals am
sxdomaze unda moenaniebina Tavisi
,,codvebi”, gadaesinja sakuTari yofa-
qceva, daegmo warsuli, sajarod
eRiarebina Tavisi Secdomebi.
Mmxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi
SeiZleboda dakmayofilebuliyo
nawilobriv misi mtrebis survili. sacodavi mixeili iseT dReSi Caagdes
TviTonac ar icoda Tavis gasasamarTleblad ra eTqva. Bbraldebebi
sagangebod iyo SeTxzuli da gazviadebuli. Kkvlav lida gasvianTn,
gamomcemlobis xelmZRvanelTan kavSiri gauxsnes. Aam dros mwerlebi mglis
xrovas warmoadgendnen, romelTa
samsjavroze mixeili iyo. am
droisTvis lida gasviani, malaqia
toroSeliZe da akaki TaTaraSvili
ukve daapatimres. Mmixeili ukve
kargad grZnobda rom masac igive
bedi eloda magram ojaxSi arafers
ar ambobda. Ddards gulSi iklavda
da fiqrobda, rom mas, ase , xelis
erTi mosmiT ver gaimetebdnen.
mwerali mixvda, rom avazakebis xrova
msxverpls moiTxovda misgan da
amitomac Tqva: zvaraki Tu gindaT es
sxva saqmea.”

Mmogvyavs mcire nawyveti mixeil javaxaxiSvilis saubridan 1937 wlios

kavSiris erT-erT sxdomaze:
Aamxanagebo, kompartiiis ukanasknel sxdomaze beriam mec im mwerlebs
mimakuTvna, romelmac TavianTi yofa-qceva unda gadasinjon. Bbraldebas
konkretoba ar sWirdeba, magram braldeba mainc braldebad rCeba. Mme mivxvdi,
rom igi me TviTon unda gavxsna. Mmas aqeT kargi dro mqonda Cemi warsuli
gadameTvalierebina. Yyvelaze adre lida gasviani gamaxsenda. Mmas me arasdros
Sevxvdi ganmartoebiT. Mman oTxjer mimipatiJa Tavis binaSi me ki moveride
wasvlas, erTxel iZulebuli gavxdi mivsuliyavi. 1933 wels, me, gasvians da
gorgaZes ,,federaciiis” revicia dagvavales. Yyvela CvenTaganma Tavisi saqme
SevasruleT.

Semdeg malaqia toroSeliZe gamaxsenda, TiTqos me masTan daaxloebuli

piri viyavi. toroSeliZe Tavmjdomare iyo da yvela imdenjer mivediT masTan
ramdenjerac saWiro iyo.”……

,,erTi amgvari azri arsebobs: amboben,rom Cveneburi mxatvari

trockistebi, TavianT
Sxamian qselSi upatio
inteligenciasac Caureven
da amitom safiqralia,
rom maT mixeilic
igulisxmes. imedia Cems
gulwrfelobaSi eWvi ar
geparebaT, rom arasdros
aravisTan antisabWoTa
saubari ar mqonia. Tqven
sruli ufleba gavqT
miTxraT, amxanagi beria
eWvs tyulad ar
Seitandao. Mme anCxli
kaci var, ris gamoc
mwvave sityvas vityvi
xolme. viRacas Cavwixlav, viRacas gavlanZRav. Eena Cemi, Cemi-mteri. Aman me
ukve Zalian damazarala, magarm Cemi uxamsi replikebi da gamoTqma arasodes
ar ganmizogadebia e.i. maTTvis antisabJoTa xasiaTi ar mimicia. Mme Cemi
sityvebis ukan araviTar Sav saqmes ar vmalav. Aam sityvebs malaparakebs ara
mtroba, aramed mxolod survili ukeTesisa.”

mixeilis sityvebis Semdeg mwerlebi gamovidnen da rogorc

sasamarTloSi, ise daadgnen pirze. misTvis yvelaferi naTeli gaxda. ivlisis
Sua ricxvebSi paolo iaSvili beriam daibara. Mmas daavala mixeilisa da
ticianis winaaRmdeg cru braldebebi daewera. Pp aolom ki beriadan saxlSi
 gamoiara, sanadiro Tofi aiRo da mweralTa kavSiris sxdomaze wavida. sxdoma
ukve dawyebuli iyo. is mixeilis gverdiT dajda da uTxra: ,,male dagimtkiceb,
rom arc ise cudi kaci varo.: amis Semdeg gavida darbazidan da cota xanSi
gasrolis xma gaisma. zemo sarTulis patara derefanSi paolo sisxlSi
mosvrili iwva. Mman Tavis Tavs TviTon gamoutana ganaCeni, megobrebi
sasikvdilod ver gaimeta.

Mmixeilis ufrosi qaliSvili ixsenebs, rom mamamisi Sin ferwasuli

dabrunebula. saxlSi uTqvams, paolom Tavi moiklao da oTxSi Sevida.
Mwerlis irgvliv dRiTidRe mwvavdeboda mdgomareoba. Mman igrZno saSiSroeba,
gadawyvita beriasTan misuliyo da gulaxdilad
esaubra, magram beriam igi ar miiRo. es ukve
Zalian cudi ambis momaswavebeli iyo. igi 1937
wlis 14 agvistos daapatimres. 17 agvistos ki
mweralTa kavSiris prezediumze mkacrad iqna
dagmobili mixeilis pirovneba, mTeli misi
Semoqmedeba, rogorc moRalatis da xalxis
mtris mimarT aTasi braldeba iqna wamoyenebuli.
Ddaadgines, rom braldebuli mixeil
javaxiSvili gamoZiebis masaliT mTlianad
mxilebulia, rom amzadebda SeiareRebul
ajanyebas, awyobda diversul aqtebs da
amzadebda teroristul aqtebs.

Mmwerali 1937 wlis 14 agvistos daapatimres da berias TandaswrebiT

wamebis qveS xeli moawerines ,,aRiarebaze” sasjeli aRsasrulSi moiyvanes
daxvretiT imave wlis 30 seqtembers. Mmwerlis arqivi ganadgurda, xolo mis
qonebas konfiskacia gaukeTda. mogvianebiT misi Zmac daxvrites, meuRle
gadaasaxles.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. qeTevan javaxiSvili_,, mixeil javaxiSvilis cxovreba.”

2. internet-resursebi_www.wikipedia.org.