Ti!

Xudn Nhi THPT Hzldng Hod

BAI TOAN THIET LAP CONG THTJ'C PHAN Tif HOP CHAT HU!U CO
I- Xac Binh khoi ltidng cac nguyen to cau tao nen chat :
I- Xac dinh khoi ludng C: Khoi hiring C dtidc xac Binh qua cac san pham chay ( Khoi hiring, the tich)
Trong cac bai tap thtidng cho san pham chay la CO dang the tich hay khoi hiring
Mot so triidng hop dung dung dich kiem hap thu san pham chay thi th tidng co hai trtidng hop
a) Qua Ca(OH) , Ba(OH) dtt thu dtidc ket tua hay khoi hiring bInh tang to co : khoi hiring bInh tang bang
khoi hiring CO va so mol ket tua bang so mol CO
b) Khi khong cho dti kien dtt thi thtidng co 2 trtidng hdp xay ra : Trt
fng hdp 1: dtt kiem thi n
Tru'fng hdp 2: hi co ket tua sau do ket tua tan mot phan :Lap he cho

Trong trtidng hdp co nhieu san pham chta C thi tong so co trong cac san pham 2-
Xac Binh khoi luring H thong qua cac san pham chay : Khoi luring H
Trong mot so trtidng hdp dung chat hap thu H 0 : CaC1 dac ... thi khoi hiring bInh tang la khoi

hiring ntidc thu dtudc

* Trong trub'ng hdp du' kien cho hap thy town bo san pham chay vao dung dich ... the thi khoi lub'ng binh tang : m
gam thi khoi iu'dng nay chinh la khoi lub'ng CO va khoi lub'ng nu'o'c
* Trong trub'ng hdp du' kien cho: hap thy town bo san pham chay vao dung dich ... du' thu dub'c m gam ket tua
Bong tho'i khoi lu'o'ng dung dich giam n gam: Thi giam

Mn tii day to co: giam

3- Xac dinh khoi luring N. Thtidng trong bai town dot thi Nitd giai phong dang N
phttdng phap xac Binh thticcng cho san pham di qua chat hap thu ntidc, CO sau do thu khi con lai la N hoac

hon hdp N dtt nen thy trtidng hdp ma tinh town

4- Xac dinh nguyen M'0: Thtidng dttdc xac Binh qua phan tich dinh hiring hay dtia vao bao town khoi hiring
= 0 thi hdp chat khong co 0, khac 0 thi hdp chat co chta 0
II- Xac Binh khoi lddng mol cua hdp chat hifu cd:

Data vao khoi hiring chat:

hoacdtiavaotykhoihdi: Trong trtidng hdp B la khong khi thi M

Data vao khoi hiring rieng cua A d lieu kien chuan:

III- Phudngphap xac Binh CTPT hdp chat hifu cd:

1- Phudng phap xac dinh tritc tiep cac he so nguyen tii: Goi CTPT hdp chat hitu cd la: C

Ta co: Trong do m = (m Tinh cac gia tri thong ling

Tai lieu hzldng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-
 Tit Xudn Nhi THPT Hztdng Hod
2- Phudng phap lap tong thiic ddn gian nhat: San khi tinh khoi lridng cac nguyen to', Goi CTPT hop chat

hitu cd 1a: C to co: x : y : z : t = Drta ty 1e ve so nguyen nho nhat to co

CTDGN cua A la: C CTPT la: (C Xac Binh n to co CTPT cua A

3- Phudng phap di fa vao ty le" so mol CO

ho'p chat no - Tinh x data vao M

ho'p chat khong no co I lien ket dang nay can them dtt kien khoi lrtdng A hay the
tich oxi can de dot chay ... sau do data vao M de xac dinh cong thi?c

0 Lap moi quan he: Khoi lridng A la in

Ta co hop chat khong no co so lien ket 2 Mn thy trrtdng hop ma van dung

Dang ankin, ankadien : - Tinh x dtia vao M

Dang aren: -

a an a(n -

* Trong tat ca cac trrtdng hop x 0 nen co the la hidrocacbon hay dan xuat trtdng ling data vao dtt kien va
tinh chat de xac dinh cong thiic hop Ii nhat. Phttdng phap nay doi vdi hoc sinh ldp 12 thi co the ap dung tot rieng
vdi hoc sinh 11 thi khong dung cho hop chat co Nitd
4- Phudng phap xac dinh cong thuc qua phadn ling, phan ung chay:
Doi vdi mot so hdp chat co nhom chic thi can ci? vao ty le cac chat tham gia xac dinh so nhom chic tit do xac
dinh cong thiic A
D oi vdi phan ling chay: Khi biet khoi lrtdng hoac the tich san pham chay co the xac dinh drtdc CTPT

M 44x 9y 14t
Trong mot so bai town dang khi thi :

Dan hon hdp san pham qua thiet bi lam lanh thi the tich giam la the tich hdi nridc
9 9
Thy theo thrt ttt cac thao tac dan san pham de xac dinh cac dtt kien thich hdp
5- Phudng phap bien luan : Mot bai town lap cong thrtc khi con thieu mot so dtt kien(so an so > so dtt kien)
thi dung phrtdng phap bien luan thy theo dtt kien ma chon cach thich hdp
Khi Wit M Doi vdi hidrocacbon : 12x + y = M 2x + 2 va x, y nguyen, dtfdng , y chan
Doi vdi hidrocacbon khi : x
Doi vdi dan xuat hidrocacbon : C 12x + y + 16z = M Lap bang vdi z
Khi biet CTDG: Khi cong thrtc ddn gian the hien drtdc hoa tri cua goc co hoa tri I thi n = 2
Vi du: CTDG la: (C to co goc C - co hoa tri I nen CTPT la: C
Chuyen cong thrtc nguyen thanh cong thrtc co chrta nhom chrtc can xac dinh

Tai lieu hztdng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-
 Tit Xudn Nhi THPT Hitting Hod
Vi du: CTDG cua axit no,da chic la C CTPT la (C (COOH)
goc C co hoa tri 2 nen n = 2 Cong thrtc phan tit C (COOH)
hay so nguyen tit Hop chat hitu cd A cua goc = 2 . so nguyen tit C cua goc + 2 - so nhom chic
Thay vao to co: 2n = 2.n +2 -
Phan bai tap mau to Juan
Bai 1: Dot chay hoan town 0,46g mot hop chat hitu cd A thu drtdc 0,448 lit CO (dktc) va 0,54g H 0 , ty' khoi
hdi doi vdi khong khi la 1,58. Xac Binh cong thric phan tit cua A
Bai 2: Dot chay hoan town 1,5g hop chat hitu cd A thu dridc 1,76g CO , 0,9g H 0 va 112 ml N
atm) Neu hoa hdi 1,5g A 6 127 C va 1,64 atm thi thu drtdc 0,4 lit khi. Cong thi?c phan tit cua A la ?
Bai 3: Dot chay hoan town 10 g mot hdp chat A thu 33,85 g va 6,94 g H O ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi khong
khi la 2,69 lap cong thiic phan tit cua A
Dot chay hoan town 1,68 g mot hdp chat A thu 5,28 g CO va 2,16 g H 0 ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi khong
khi la 1,94 lap cong thiic phan tit cua A
Bai 5:: Dot chay hoan town 7,2 g mot hdp chat A thu 11,2 lit CO (dktc ) va 10,8 g H 0 ; ty' khoi hdi doi vdi
khong khi la 2,483 . lap cong thiic phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan :
Bai 6: Dot chay hoan town 3,6 g mot hdp chat A thu 2,6881 CO (dktc) va 2,16 g H O ; ty' khoi hdi doi vdi
hydro la 30 . lap cong thi?c phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan :
dot chay hoan town 5,6 1 mot hydrocacbon A thu 16,81 CO (dktc) (33g) va 13,5 g H O. Lap cong thiic
phan tit cua A
Bai 8: Dot chay hoan town 2,2 g mot hdp chat A thu 6,6g CO va 3,6 g H 0 ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la
1,52 lap cong thiic phan tit cua A
Bai 9: Dot chay hoan town 3,7 g mot hdp chat A thu 6,6 g CO va 2,7g H 0 ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la
2,55 . Lap cong thiic phan tit cua A
Bai 10: Dot chay hoan town 18 g mot hdp chat A thu 55 g CO va 27 g H O ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la
2,843 . lap cong thi?c phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan :
Bai 11 : Dot chay hoan town 9,03 g mot hdp chat hitu cd A thu drtdc 14,112 lit CO (dktc) va 13,23 g H
khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la : 2,966
Bai 12 : Dot chay hoan town 3,6 g mot hdp chat A thu 2,688 1 CO (dktc ) va 2,16 g H 0 ; ty' khoi hdi doi vdi
hydro la 30. lap cong thi?c phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan :
Bai 13: Dot chay hoan town 3,7 g mot hdp chat A thu 6,6 g CO va 2,7 g H O ; ty' khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la
2,552 . lap cong thiic phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan :
Bai 14: Dot chay hoan town 5,6 g mot hdp chat A thu 8,96 1 CO (dktc ) va 7,2 g H 0 ; ty khoi hdi doi vdi
hydro la 28 . lap cong thiic phan tit cua A - viet cac long phan : A la ankan khi cho A tac dung vdi CI drtdc
3 san pham xac Binh cong thiic cau tao ?
Bai 15: Dot chay hoan town 10,8 g mot hdp chat hitu cd A thu drtdc 16,8 lit CO (dktc) va 16,2 g H
hdi doi vdi khong khi la : 2,483
Bai 16: Dot chay hoan town 15,84 g mot hdp chat hitu cd A thu dttdc 48,4 g CO va 23,76 g H 0. Ty khoi hdi
doi vdi Nitd la : 2,571
Dot chay hoan town 12,6 g mot hdp chat hitu co A thu drtdc 19,6 lit CO 9 A'
(dktc) va 18,9 g H 0 . T yk h oi
hdi doi vdi Oxi la : 2,25
Bai 18: Dot chay hoan town 12,9 g mot hdp chat hitu cd A thu drtdc 20,16 lit CO (dktc) va 18,9 g H
khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la : 2,966

Tai lieu hztdng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-
 Tit Xudn Nhi THPT Hztdng Hod
Bai 19: Dot chay hoan town 15,05 g mot hop chat hitu cd A thu dudc 46,2 g CO va 22,05 g H 0. Ty khoi hdi doi
vdi Oxi la : 2,688
Cau 20 : Dot chay hoan town 16,2 g mot hdp chat hitu cd A thu dudc 25,2 lit CO (dktc) va 24,3 g H
khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la : 2,483
Bai 21 : Dot chay hoan town 18 g mot hdp chat A thu 55 g CO va 27 g H O ; ty' khoi hdi doi vdi khong khi la
2,843 . lap cong thi?c phan tit cua A - viet cac dong phan :
khi cho A tac dung vdi CI thu du¢c san pham nao ?
Lap cong thtic dtfa vao phudng trinh phan ling
dot chay hoan town 1 lit hydrocacbon A can 6 lit 0 thu 4 lit
A lam mat mau dung dich Br
tao ra ankan co mach nhanh xac Binh cong thiic cau tao A
khi dot chay 1 lit khi A can 5 lit o xi sau phan ling thu 31it CO va 4 lit hdi nudc . Xac Binh cong thiic phan
tit cua A -viet cong thiic cau tao co the co(cac V cung dieu kien )
Tron 200 ml hdp chat hitu cd A (chila C, H, 0) vdi 900 ml 0 lay du roi dot chay thu du¢c 1300 ml
san pham. Lam lanh san pham con lai 700 ml sau do cho di qua dung dich KOH dit con lai 100 ml ( cac chat khi
d cung dieu kien) Cong thiic phan tit cua A M ?
Bai tap trac nghiem
Bai 1: Dot chay hoan town mot lung chat hffu co X thu dudc 3,36 lit CO , 0,56 ;it N va 3,15g H O. Khi cho
X tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH thu dudc san pham co muoi NH COONa. CTCT thu gon cua X la:
COOCH

Bai 2: Trong mot bInh kin chila chat hdi X (co cong thiic C ) mach hd va 0 (co so mol gap doi so
mol can phan ling ) d nhiet do 139,9 C, ap suat trong bInh la 0,8 atm. Dot chay hoan town X sau do dua ve nhiet
do ban dau , ap suat trong bInh la 0,95 atm. X co cong thiIc phan tit la:

Bai 3: Hai este ddn chiic X, Y la dong phan cua nhau. Khi hod hdi 1,85g X thu dudc the tich hdi dung bang the
tich cua 0,7g N (do cung dieu kien). Cong thi?c cau to thu g9n cua X la:
A.HCOOC COOCH
COOCH va HCOOCH(CH D. HCOOC
Bai 4: Dot chay hoan town 1 lit khi X can 5 lit khi 0 , su phan ling thu dudc 3 lit CO va 4 lit hdi nudc (biet
cac khi do d cung dieu kien) . Cong thiic phan tit cua X la:

Bai 5: Dot chay hoan town 1,86g hop chat hitu cd X roi cho san pham chay lan ludt di qua binh dung CaC1
khan va KOH, thay khoi luring bInh CaC1 tang 1,26g con lai 224 ml khi N (d dktc). Biet X chi chi?a 1
nguyen tit Nitd. Cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 6: Phan tich thanh phan nguyen to cua axit cacboxylic Xthay co 34,615%C va 3,84%H. Vay X 1a:
A. Axit axetic B. Axit Fomic C. Axit Acrylic D. Axit Malonic
Hop chat hitu cd X gom C, H, O vdi thanh phan cac nguyen to thoa man: 8(m . Biet X
co th
e dieu the truc tiep tit Glucozd. cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:
Bai 8: Dot chay hoan town 1,416g mot amin Y no , ddn chric, sau phan ring dan town bo san pham chay vao dung
dich Ca(OH) du thu dugc 7,2g ket tua. Cong thi?c phan tit cua Y la:

Tai lieu hztdng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-
 Ti? Xudn Nhi THPT Hztdng Hod

Bai 9: Hidro hod mot hidrocacbon X mach ha , chria no thanh hidrocacbon no phai dung the tich H gap doi the
tich hdi hidreacbon da dung. Mat khac dot chay mot the tich X tren thu drtdc 9 the tich hon hop CO hdi nridc (cac
the tich d cung lieu kien) . Cong thiic phan tit cua X la:

Bai 10: Dot chay hoan town 2,64g hidrocacbon X thu drtdc 4,032 lit CO (d dktc) . Cong thiic phan tit cua A

Bai 11: Dot chay hoan town 3g hdp chat hffu cd X thu drt¢c 4,4g CO va 1,8g H O. Biet ty' khoi hdi cua X so vdi
He la 7,5. Cong thi?c phan tit cua A la

Bai 12: Co ba chat hitu cd A, B, C ma phan tit khoi cua cluing lap thanh cap so cong. Bat ci? chat nao khi
dot deu thu drtgc CO O vdi ty' le la 2 :3. Cong thiic phan tit cua A, B, C lan lrtdt la:

Bai 13: Tron 200 cm hon hdp chat hitu cd X vdi 900 cm oxi drt roi dot . The tich hon hdp sau khi dot la 1,2 lit.
Sau khi lam ngrtng to hdi nridc con lai 0,8 lit, tiep tuc cho di qua dung dich NaOH thi con lai 0,4 lit ( cac the tich d
cung lieu kien) . Cong thiic phan tit cua X la:

Bai 14: De dot chay hoan town 1 the tich hidrocacbon X can vita du 5,5 the tich oxi. Cong thiic phan tit X la:

Bai 15: Oxi hod hoan town 4,6g hdp chat hffu cd X bang CuO dun nong. San phan ling thu dridc 4,48 lit CO (d
dktc) va H 0, long thdi nhan thy khoi lri¢ng CuO ban dau giam di 9,6g. Cong thiic phan tit X la:

Bai 16: Dot chay hoan town 1 hidrocacbon X can dung 28,8g oxi, thu drtdc 13,44 lit CO (d dktc) . Biet ty
khoi hdi cua X so vdi khong khi la d vdi 2 < d < 2,5. Cong thiic phan tit X la:

Dot chay hoan town 18g hdp chat hitu cd X can 16,8 lit 0 (d dktc) hon hdp thu drtdc gom CO va hdi
nridc co ty le the tich la 3 :2 . Biet ty khoi hdi cua X so vdi H la 36. Cong thi?c phan tit X la:

Bai 18:Dotchayhoantoanin gain hop chathffucdXthudridcagain CO vabgain H Obiet3a= llb va

7m = 3(a +b). ty khoi hdi cua X so vdi khong khi < 3. Cong thi?c phan tit X la:

Bai 19: Dot chay 1,08g hdp chat hitu cd X roi cho town bo san pham chay vao dung dich Ba(OH) thay khoi lridng
bInh tang 4,6g long thdi to thanh 6,475g muoi axit va 5,91g muoi trung hoa. ty khoi hdi cua X so vdi He la 13,5.
Cong thiic phan tit X la:

Bai 20:Dot chay hdp chat hitu cd X chila C, H, 0 can dung mot lrtdng oxi bang 8 lan lrtdng oxi co trong X
thu drtdc CO 0 theo ty' le khoi lrtdng la 22 : 9 . Biet ty' khoi hdi cua X so vdi H la 29. Cong thiic phan

Bai 21: Dot chay hoan town 1 mol ancol no X can 2,5 in . Cong thiic phan tit X la:

Tai lieu hztdng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-
 DI . L

Tit Xudn Nhi THPT Hitting Hod

Bai 22: Dot chay hoan town 1,12g hop chat hitu cd X roi hap thu hoan town san pham chay vao dung dich
Ba(OH) dri thay khoi lridng bInh tang 3,36g. Biet va ty khoi hdi cua X so vdi H nho hdn 30.
Cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 23: Dot chay hoan town a gam mot hidrocacbon X mach ha. san pham chay dridc din qua bInh chila
dung dich Ca(OH) dit thu dridc 3 gam ket tua, long thcdi khoi lricng bInh tang 1,68g. Cong thi?c phan tit X

Bai 24: Cho vao khi ke 10 ml hdp chat hffu cd X (chiia C, H, N), 25ml H va 40m10 roi bat tia lita lien cho
hon hdp no. Drta hon hdp ve dieu kien ban dau , ngrtng to het hdi nridc, thu drtdc 20m1 hon hdp khi trong do co
10 ml khi bi hap thu bth NaOH va 5 ml khi bi hap thu bth P trang. Cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 25: Cho 5 ml hidrocacbon X d the khi vdi 30m1 0 (lay drt) vao khi ke roi bat tia lita din dot sau do
lam lanh thay trong khi ke con 20m1 khi trong do co 15 ml khi bi hap thu b6i dung dich KOH, phan con lai
hap thu bdi P trang . Cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 26: Dot chay hoan town 10 ml hdi mot este X can vita du 90 ml 0 sau phan ling thu dridc hon hdp khi
va hdi nridc co ty le the tich la: 4 :3 . Ngrtng to san pham chay thi the tich giam 30 ml. Cac the tich d
cung dieu kien. Cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 27: Hon hdp X gom hidrocacbon A va oxi co ty le so mol tridng ling la 1 :10. Dot chay hoan town hon
hdp tren thu dridc hon hdp khi Y. Cho Y di qua dung dich H dac thu dridc hon hdp Z co ty khoi so vdi H
la 19 Cong thiic phan tit cua A. la:

Bai 28: Dot chay hoan town mot hidrocacbon X thi thay tong the tich cac chat tham gia bang tong the tich cac
chat tao thanh . cong thi?c phan tit cua X la:

Bai 29: Dot chay hoan town 0,5 mol hon hdp 2 hidrocacbon thu dridc 0,9 mol CO va 0,6 mol H O. cong thiic phan
tit cua 2 hidrocacbon do la:

Bai 30: Dot chay hoan town hon hdp 2 hidrocacbon long ding lien tiep can 1,35 mol 0 tao thanh 0,8 mol
cong thiic phan tit cua 2 hidrocacbon do la:

Bai 31: chay hoan town in gam hon hdp 2 hidrocacbon long ding lien tiep thu drtdc 5m gam CO va 3m
gam H O. cong thiic phan tit cua 2 hidrocacbon tren la:

Bai 32: Dot chay ankin X thu dridc 5,4g H 0 va cho san pham chay di qua dung dich Ca(OH) dri thi thu
dridc dung dich co khoi lri¢ng giam 19,8g so vdi khoi lri¢ng dung dich ban dau. cong thiic phan tit X la:

Bai 33: Dot chay hoan town V lit mot hidrocacbon khi X trong bInh kin co chila 0 drt thu drtdc 4V lit CO
(cac the tich d cung dieu kien )Biet ap suit trong bInh khong thay doi. cong thiic phan tit X la:

Tai lieu hztdng din on tap 11 vii on thi tot nghiep THPT-