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1.5 and 1.

6 Logarithmic and Trigonometric Functions

Relationship between Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


H1L y = loga x is the inverse of y = ax , where a > 0, a π 1
H2L aloga x = x and loga Hax L = x, where a > 1, x > 0

Rules for Logarithms


Assuming that x > 0 and y > 0,
ixy
H1L loga Hx yL = loga x + loga y H2L loga jj ÄÄÄÄÄ zz = loga x - loga y H3L loga Hxy L = y loga x
ky{

H4L loga b = ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ Hwhere a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, a π 1, b π 1, c π 1L


logc b
logc a

Trigonometric Functions and their Inverses

1 1
y = cos x0.5 y = sin x0.5

−π 2π π π 2π π −π 2π π π 2π π
− − −0.5 − − −0.5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
−1 −1

5 5 5
5
y = tan43 x 4
y = cot x y = 4
sec x
4
y = csc x
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
3π π π 3π 3π π π 3π −π π 2π
− − −1 −π −1 π 2π − − −1 −1
2 2−2 2 2 2 2−2 2 2 −2
−2
−3 −3 −3 −3
−4 −4 −4 −4
−5 −5 −5 −5

π
π
2
π 5π
6
y = arcsin x
3 y = arccos x
π 2π
6 3
π
π
−1 −0.5 0.5 1 2
π π y = arctan xπ2
− 3
6 4
π π
− −4 −3 −2 −1 π 1 2 3 4
3 6 −
4
π π
− −
2 −1 −0.5 0.5 1 2
π
π π
πy = arccot x πy = arcsec x y = arccsc2 x
2 2 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4
π

−4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 2

Arc Length for a Circle


L = qr

1. Graph the function y = -2 log4 Hx + 3L - 1

2. Graph the function y = ln H2 - xL + 3

3. Solve the equation 23 x - 5 = 0 4. Solve the equation 3x - 5 = -6 H3-x L

5. Solve for y if ln Hx + 2L - 3 = ln 4 - ln Hy + 1L
For problems 6 and 7, find the measure of the angle in radians and degrees

"#### ji -2 zyz
6. cot-1 J- 3N 7. csc-1 jjj ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
è!!!! ÄÄÄÄÄÄ zz
k 3 {

For problems 8 - 10, graph the function, and find the HaL period, and HbL amplitude

i 3p y
8. y = -2 sin jj3 x - ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ zz + 1
k 4 {

9. y = ÄÄÄÄÄ sec H2 x + pL - 1
1
2

10. y = -cot J2 x - ÄÄÄÄÄ N + 2


p
2
i -13 y
q = sec-1 jj ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ zz
k 5 {
11. Find the values of the six trigonometric functions if

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