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    1) Linearization approximates a function near a point using a linear function. Newton's method uses successive approximations to find roots of functions by taking the linearization of the function at the current point. 2) Differentials relate infinitesimal changes in the independent and dependent variables of a function. The exact change is calculated using the function, while the estimated change uses the derivative and the change in the independent variable. 3) Both methods allow functions to be approximated locally using their derivative information.

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    1) Linearization approximates a function near a point using a linear function. Newton's method uses successive approximations to find roots of functions by taking the linearization of the function at the current point. 2) Differentials relate infinitesimal changes in the independent and dependent variables of a function. The exact change is calculated using the function, while the estimated change uses the derivative and the change in the independent variable. 3) Both methods allow functions to be approximated locally using their derivative information.

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    7 views2 pages

    4 5post

    Uploaded by

    eperla
    1) Linearization approximates a function near a point using a linear function. Newton's method uses successive approximations to find roots of functions by taking the linearization of the function at the current point. 2) Differentials relate infinitesimal changes in the independent and dependent variables of a function. The exact change is calculated using the function, while the estimated change uses the derivative and the change in the independent variable. 3) Both methods allow functions to be approximated locally using their derivative information.

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    of 2

    4.

    5 Linearization and Newton ¢ s Method

    Linearization
    If f is differentiable at x = a, then L HxL = f HaL + f ¢ HaL Hx - aL is the linearization of f at a.

    Newton ¢ s Method
    1. Guess an approximation to the solution of f HxL = 0
    f Hxn L
    f ¢ Hxn L
    2. Find successive approximations with xn + 1 = xn - ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ

    Differentials
    Assume y = f HxL is differentiable. dx is an independent variable, and dy = f ¢ HxL dx

    É Exact Estimated
    Absolute Change Dy = Df = f Ha + dxL - f HaL dy = df = f ¢ HaL dx
    Dy Df dy df
    f HaL f HaL f HaL f HaL
    Relative Change ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ = ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ = ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ
    Dy Df dy df
    f HaL f HaL f HaL f HaL
    Percentage Change 100 ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 100 ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ 100 ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ = 100 ÄÄÄÄ
    ÄÄÄÄÄÄ

    For problems 1 and 2, find the linearization L HxL of f HxL at x = a

    "##################
    1. f HxL = 2 sin q + cos q, 2. f HxL =
    5p
    x = ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ 1 + 2x, x = 2
    6

    3. Choose a linearization at a nearby value, so that the function can be approximated at x = a if

    f HxL = ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ,
    2x
    a = 2.1
    x+2
    For problems 4 and 5, use Newton ¢ s Method to estimate the solution to the equation on the given interval.

    4. x3 - 36 x - 84 = 0 @6, 8D 5. x5 - 2 x2 + 4 = 0 @-2, -1D

    For problems 6 and 7, find HaL Dy, and HbL dy, and HcL Dy - dy.

    6. f HxL = x2 + 3 x, a = 1, Dx = 0.1 7. f HxL = x Hln HxLL, a = e, Dx = -0.1

    4
    8. Write a differential formula that estimates the change in volume, V = ÄÄÄÄÄ p r3 , when the radius changes
    3
    from a to a + dr

    9. About how accurately should you measure the side of a square to be sure of calculating the area to within
    2 % of its true value?

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