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    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 1

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    Hanisah Halim
    Uncontrolled cell division can result in tumor growth. Tumor cells can be benign and remain localized or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer occurs due to damaged DNA, which causes abnormal cell cycles where cancer cells live longer and divide more than normal cells. The document discusses different types of cancers like lung cancer from tobacco smoking, mouth cancer, and skin cancers. Cancer treatments include surgery to remove tissues, radiotherapy to kill cancer cells with radiation, and chemotherapy using cytotoxic chemicals absorbed more by cancer cells' higher metabolism.

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    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 1

    Uploaded by

    Hanisah Halim
    17 views9 pages
    Uncontrolled cell division can result in tumor growth. Tumor cells can be benign and remain localized or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer occurs due to damaged DNA, which causes abnormal cell cycles where cancer cells live longer and divide more than normal cells. The document discusses different types of cancers like lung cancer from tobacco smoking, mouth cancer, and skin cancers. Cancer treatments include surgery to remove tissues, radiotherapy to kill cancer cells with radiation, and chemotherapy using cytotoxic chemicals absorbed more by cancer cells' higher metabolism.

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    Cancer[1]

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    Uncontrolled cell division can result in tumor growth. Tumor cells can be benign and remain localized or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer occurs due to damaged DNA, which causes abnormal cell cycles where cancer cells live longer and divide more than normal cells. The document discusses different types of cancers like lung cancer from tobacco smoking, mouth cancer, and skin cancers. Cancer treatments include surgery to remove tissues, radiotherapy to kill cancer cells with radiation, and chemotherapy using cytotoxic chemicals absorbed more by cancer cells' higher metabolism.

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    17 views9 pages

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 1

    Uploaded by

    Hanisah Halim
    Uncontrolled cell division can result in tumor growth. Tumor cells can be benign and remain localized or malignant and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer occurs due to damaged DNA, which causes abnormal cell cycles where cancer cells live longer and divide more than normal cells. The document discusses different types of cancers like lung cancer from tobacco smoking, mouth cancer, and skin cancers. Cancer treatments include surgery to remove tissues, radiotherapy to kill cancer cells with radiation, and chemotherapy using cytotoxic chemicals absorbed more by cancer cells' higher metabolism.

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    of 9

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 1

    Cancer – an effect of uncontrolled mitosis


    • Cells which divide mitotically in an uncontrolled manner
    can result in the growth of cell masses called tumors.
    • Tumor cells may
    – a. remain localised & be benign (non-cancerous), or
    – b. break away & be malignant (cancerous). They are
    carried to other parts of the body where they start
    similar new tumors.
    • Cells become cancerous due to damaged DNA.
    • Cancer cells have an abnormal cell cycle, live longer
    than normal cells & divide to produce more cancer cells.
    • Cancer cells also have higher metabolic rates compared
    to normal cells.
    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 2
    Well-formed oval-shaped Highly disorganized cancer
    glands, evenly lined with a cells stacked upon each other
    single, organized layer of cells in an apparently random
    indicated by arrows fashion.
    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 3
    Colon cancer

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 4


    Cancers related to tobacco smoking

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 5


    Lung cancer

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 6


    Mouth cancer

    Mouth cancer related


    to tobacco smoking.

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 7


    Different types of skin cancers

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 8


    Cancer Treatments
    • Surgical removal of cancerous tissues / organs.
    • Radiotherapy: Radioactive rays are aimed at malignant
    tumours to kill off cancer cells.
    • Chemotherapy: Cytotoxic chemicals are injected into the
    blood to be carried to malignant tumours. Cancer cells
    will absorb higher dosages of these chemicals due to
    their higher metabolic rates and are more likely to be
    killed. Although dosages are carefully calculated to
    minimise poisoning of non-cancerous cells, some normal
    cells are inevitably killed as well – the cause of many of
    the unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy.

    April 2006 Chap 5 (NLN-SMKLBB) 9

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