cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifNa ntw;wp tho;tpd; mbj;jsk;

(lhf;lu; V.gP. Kfk;kJ myp> gpvr;.b> I.gP.v];(X)

xU fl;blk; vOg;g mbj;jsk; mtrpak;. mNj Nghd;W

tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifNa Kf;fpak; vd;w
fUj;jpid typAWj;jp ,e; jf; fl;Liu vOjg;gLfpwJ.

,d;iwa etPd cyfk; Nghl;b epiwe;jJ. mjpy;; ahu;

rthy;fis rkhspj;J vjpu;ePr;ry; NghLfpwhu;fNs mtu;fs; jhd;
ntw;wpf; fdpapid gwpf;f KbAk;. ahu; mLf;fLf;fhd
Njhy;tpfis re;jpj;J Nrhu;tilfpwhu;fNsh mtu;fs; ntw;wpg;
ghijapid flf;f KbahJ. cq;fSf;Fs; ePq;fNs mwpahj xU
rf;jp Gije;jpUf;fpwJ vd epidj;J Njhy;tpapy; JtshJ
nraypy; ,wq;fpdhy; epr;rak; ntw;wp cq;fSf;F fjtpid
jpwf;Fk;. mj;Jld; cq;fSf;F ,iwtd; JizapUf;fpwhndd;W
epidg;gPu;fnsd;why; cq;fis ahuhy; Njhw;fbf;f KbAk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F fhu; XLtjpw;F vdu;[p Njitg; gLfpwJ. kdpjd;
,af;fj;jpw;Fk; ,iwtd; fUiz xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Njitg;
gLfpwJ. fhw;W gy mjpu;T fisf; nfhz;lJ vd;fpwJ
tpQ;Qhdk;. ,iwtidj; njhOJ ,iwQ;Rk; NghJ Vw;gLfpw
mjpu;Tfs; ,iwtid miltJ epr;raNk.

Njhy;tpapy; kdk; NrhUk; NghJ xU kdpjid epk;kjp

,of;fr; nra;fpwJ. me;j Neuj;jpy; mikjpahf rw;W ,iwtdpd;
gilg;GfisAk; mitfspd; nray;ghLfisAk; rw;Nw rpe;Jj;Jg;
ghUq;fs;. XLk; ePNuhilfs; vt;tsT fuL KuLfis fle;J ry
ryf;Fk; XirAld; Fspu;r;rpahd jhfk; jPu;f;Fk; jz;zPu;>
tay;fis nropf;fr; nra;Ak; MWfis cWthf;FfpwJ vd;Wk;>
thdj;jpy; rpwfbj;J ty;YhUfsplkpUe; J jg;gpj;J tho;T elj;Jk;
FUtpfis epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs; mitfnsy;yhk; kfpo;r;rpahf
,Uf;Fk; NghJ ehk; rpy Njhy;tpfis epidj;J xbe;J %iyapy;
Kbq;fp tplyhkh? Njhy;tpfis re;jpf;Fk; NghJ ,iwtid
Fiw nrhy;fpNwhk;. ghurPf ftpQu; cku; fa;ahk; nrhy;fpwhu;>
‘Njhy;tpf;Fk;> kdpj FiwfSf;Fk; ,iwtid Fiw nrhy;ypNa
fhyk; flj;JfpNwhk;. ,iwtd; fsp kz;izj; jhd; gilg;ghd;.
Fatdhd kdpjd; jhd; me;j fsp kz;iz ghidahfTk;>
ghidapd; %bahfTk;> rl;bahfTk; nra;fpwhd;. me;jg;
nghUs;fspy; xl;ilNah my;yJ nespTfNsh ,Ue;jhy;
,iwtid Vd; Fiw nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;?’ vd Nfs;tp vOg;GfpwJ
epahak; jhNd. ,jak; xU kdpjid ,af;Fk; Kf;fpa fUtpahf
,Uf;fpwJ. mjid ntw;wp tho;f;iff;F nry;y Ntz;Lnkd;W
MizapLl;L nraypy; ,wq;Fq;fs; epr;rakhf ntw;wp cq;fs;
gf;fk; te;J NrUk;.

1
 Njhy;tpfs; Vw;gLk; NghJ kdk; rQ;ryj;jpy; rQ;rupf;Fk;.
ftiy Ml;nfhy;Yk; Neha; vd;W kNdhj;Jt Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;
$Wfpwhu;fs;. ftiy nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp> tho;f;if ntWg;G>
kdk; rQ;ryk;> gak;> Neha;> jdpik> Ntiyapd;ik> fy;tpapy;
Kd;Ndw;wkpd;ik Nghd;wtw;why;; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;why; kpifahfhJ.
rkPgj;jpy; 100 taJ tiu tho;e;j 450 Ngh;fis itj;J vt;thW
mt;tsT ehl;fs; tho;e;jhu;fs; vd;w xU tpQ;Qhd
muha;r;rpapid Nkw;nfhz;lhu;fs;. mjpy; fz;l Kf;fpa fz;L
gpbg;Gf; fPo;fz;litahFk;:

1) mtu;fs; RWRWg;Gld; tho;tpidf; fopj;jtu;fs;.

2) msNthL rhg;gpl;ltu;fs;.
3) vy;NyhuplKk; ghFghbd;wp ele;J nfhz;ltu;fs;.
4) ,uT rPf;fpuk; Jhq;fp mjpfhiyapy; vOe;jtu;fs;.
5) rhT gaj;jpid tpl;L ePq;fpatu;fs;.
6) Njhy;tpapidf; fz;L gag;glhjtu;fs;.
7) ,iw gf;jpAld; tho;e;jtu;fs;.

Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; nfhz;ltu;fs; vz;zpj;

Jzpf fUkk; vd;w njspthd nfhs;ifapid
itj; jpUg;ghu;fs;. mjidNa rKjhaKk; Nkw;nfhz;lhy;
midtUk>; mj;Jld; rKjhaKk; tsu;r;rpailAk;. mjw;F
Kf;fpa Njitahf fUjg;gLtJ:

1) ehzak;> 2) mwpT> 3) ek;gpf;if> 4) njspthd ghij> 5)

jahsk;> 6) gakpd;ik> 7) nghWik> 8) cz;ikapid
xj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;> 9) fpilj;j nghUis kl;Lk; itj;J
kfpo;r;rpAld; tho;tJ> 10) Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy; Ntiyapid
Kbg;gJ> 11) Ntiy gS $lNt FLk;gj;jpid fhg;gJ
Nghd;witahFk;.

tsu;r;rp jpl;lq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; NghJ kd mOj;jk;

vw;gLtJ ,aw;ifNa. mjid tho;f;ifapd; xU mq;fk; vd
vz;z Ntz;Lk;. etPd cyfpy; kd mOj;jj;jpid ehk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sj;jhd; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ekJ tPl;bw;F Ntz;lhj
tpUe;jhsp te;jhy; vg;gb rkhspf;fpd;NwhNkh mNj Nghd;W
rkhspf;fj; njupe;jpUf;f gof Ntz;Lk;. mjid tpl;L tpl;L
me;j tpUe;jhspapid tpul;b mbj;jhy; ekJ vjpup mtu;fisj;
jtpu NtW ahUk; ,Uf;f Kbah.J.

kd mOj;jj;jpid fPo;fz;l mwpFwp %yk; njupe;J

nfhs;syhk;:

2
 1) ftdf;FiwT 2) rf;jp FiwT 3) cw;rhff; FiwT 4)
Nfhgjhgk; 5) vupr;ry; 6) jiytyp 7) tho;f;ifapy; ntWg;G

kd mOj;jj;jpid Nghf;f fPo;fz;l top Kiwfis Ngzyhk;:

1) kd mOj;jk; tho;tpy; xU mq;fk; vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.
2) kd mOj;jj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;jpid Muha Ntz;Lk;.
3) kd mOj;jj;jpid ePf;f Kbatpy;iynad;why; mjd;
tpistpid xU fhfpj;jpy; vOjp kdjstpy; mjid Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; kdg; gf;Ftk; Ntz;Lk;.
4) ehk; vjpu;ghu;j;j ,og;gpid tpl kpf Fiwe;j msNt
,og;gpUf;Fkhdhy; ,iwtDf;F ed;wp nrhy;y njupa
Ntz;Lk;.
5) cq;fSila kd mOj;jj;jpid cq;fs; cs;sj;jpNyNa
itj;J mOj;jp GOq;f tplhky; cq;fs; cw;whu>; cwtpdu;>
ez;gu;fSld; gfpu;e;J mjw;fhd jPu;tpid NjLq;fs;.
6) ve;j fhupaj;jpYk; mtru Kbtpid vLf;fhjPu;fs;.
7) ‘rpe;jpf;f njupe; j kdNk cdf;F rpupf;fj; njupahjh’ vd;gJ
vq;Nfh Nfl;l ghl;L. MfNt ePq;fs; rpwpJ rpupj;Jg; gofTk;
njupe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8) Nfhghjhgq;fSf;F tpil nfhLq;fs;.
9) nghJ ey Nritapy; ftdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;.
10) eil gapu;r;rp> nky;y XLjy;> tpisahl;Lfspy; Xa;T
fpilf;Fk; NghJ filg;gpbAq;fs;.

cWjpahd ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fs; Viofshf ,Ue;jhYk>;

nry;te;ju;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; FWfpa vz;zk;
,y;yhjtu;fshfTk;> Raeykpy;yhjtu;fshfTk;>
Gj;jpf;$u;ikAs;stu;fshfTk;> tpWg;G
ntWg;gpy;yhjtu;fshfTk; ,Ug;ghu;fs;. mNj Nghd;w
nfhs;iffis rKjhaj;jpYs;s ngUk;ghNyhu;
nfhz;bUe;jhy; rKjhak; Gj;Jzu;T ngw;W nghopTld;
tpsq;Fk.y;yth?

cWjpahd vz;zk; vd;gjpw;F xU rpwpa tpsf;fk; juyhk;

vd vz;ZfpNwd;. xUtu; uapypy; nrd;idapypUe;J kapyhLJiw
nry;y Ntz;Lk;. mtu; Gwg;gLk; NghNj uapypid ehd; jtw
tpl;L tpLNtNdh vd;w vz;zj;jpy; tPl;bid tpl;L
Gwg;glf;$lhJ. khwhf ehd; fz;bg;ghf kapyhLJiw uapYf;F
Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; Ngha; Nru;e;J tpLNtz; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;
Gwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ek;gpf;ifapd;ik vd;w njhw;W Nehapid

3
cq;fs; Foe;ijfSk; rPf;fpuj;jpy; cq;fsplkpUe;J fw;Wf;
nfhs;thu;fs;. mjw;F ePqf
; s; ,lk; nfhLf;fyhkh?

1) ePq;fs; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lnkd;w xU ,yf;fpid Nehf;fp

gazk; nra;Ak; NghJ mjw;fhd xU tpiyapid
nfhLj;Nj MfNtz;Lk; mJ jhd; tho;f;ifapd;
mu;g;gzpg;ghFk;. cyfpd; khw;wj;jpw;Nfl;g Gjpa
rpe;jidfs;> nray;ghLf;s Mfpaitfis gad;gLj;jp
Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. ehk; fhypy; nrUg;gpy;yhky; ele;jhy;
fhy; $RfpwJ> typf;fpwJ> fy; Ks; Fj;JfpwJ vd;W
Gyk;GNthk;. Mdhy; 1984 Mk; Mz;L [_yh Gl; vd;w
jlfs tPuu; Xl;lg;ge;jaj;jpy; ntWq;fhYld; Xb cyf
rhjid Gupe;J GJ rupj;jpuk; gilj;jhu; vd;why; mtu;
vt;tsT kd cWjpAld; jdJ fhYf;F nrUg;G $l
,y;yhky; XLfpNwhNk vz;zhky; cyf rhjid
gilj;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;why>; vy;yh trjpAk; ngw;w ek;khy;
Njhy;tpapid vz;zp Gyk;gj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh?

2) cyf nghJTlik nghUshjhu je;ij vd

tu;zpf;fg;gl;l fhu;y; khu;f;]; n[u;kdpapy; gpwe;J
gpupl;ldpy; jd;Dila cilfis tpw;W jd;
tWikapidg; Nghf;fp Viofs; rkj;Jtj;Jld; tho>
‘lh]; Nfg;gply;’ vd;w nghJTlik nghUshjhu
nghf;fp\khf ,d;Wk; fUjg;gLfpw Gj;jfj;jpid
vOjpapdhu; vd;why;> Vd; ,iwtd; mUshy; XusT trjp
gilj;j ek;khYk; ek;gpf;ifAld; tho Kbahjh?

3) Jhj;Jf;Fb khtl;lk; jpUr;re;Jhu; tPughz;ba gl;lzk;

vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Mjpj;jehlhu; vd;[pdpupaq;
fy;Yhupapy; Nguhrpiaahf ,Uf;Fk; “it];ypd; gPtp’
fk;g;Al;lu; mTl;Nrhu;]pq;fpy; njhlu;e;J %d;W Kiwahf
mz;zh gy;giyf; fofj;jpd; rpwg;G guprpid ,e;j
tUlKk; jl;br; nrd;Ws;shu; vd;why; efuj;jpy; thOk;
ey;y fy;tp fw;w gyUk; Njhy;tpapidf; fz;L kdk;
Nrhu;e;jplhky; ,Ue; jhy; cq;fshYk; gy rhjid
gilf;f KbAk; vd;W ek;gf;$lhjh?

4) Tpgj;jpy; ,uz;L fhy;fisAk;> ,uz;L iffisAk;

,oe;j gpuhd;]; ehl;ltuhd gpypg;gp FNuh]hd; vd;gtu;
jdJ Cdj;jpid ntw;wp nfhs;s ,q;fpyhe;jpy; cs;s
,q;fpyp]; fhy;thapid gjp%d;wiu kzpNeuj;jpy; ePe;jp
rhjid gilj;Js;shu;. mtu; jd;Dila rhjidapid
gw;wp Nghl;b nfhLf;Fk; NghJ mtu; nrhd;dhu;> ‘jhd;

4
 ePe;jpf; nfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghJ rw;Wk; vjpu;ghuh tpjkhf
,uz;L lhy;gpd; kPd;fs; rpwpJ Jhuk; mtUf;F ,U
GwKk; ghJfhg;ghf te;jjhk;. mjid ,iwtd;
nrayhf mtu; fUjpdhuhk’;.

MfNt ve; j fhupaj;jpYk; ePq;fs; cWjpahd ek;gpf;ifAld;

,wq;Fk; NghJ ,iwtd; cq;fSld; Jiz epw;ghd; vd;w
ek;gpf;if ,Ue; jhy; ePq;fs; tho;tpy; ntw;wp Nky; ntw;wp
cq;fis jtOTtJ epr;rakhFky;yh rNfhju rNfhjupfNs!