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Zat Kimia Pembantu (Slide Kuliah II)
Zat Kimia Pembantu (Slide Kuliah II)
TEKSTIL
1. Nonilphenol-ethylene oxide
C9H19-C6H6-O-(CH2CH2-O)9- CH2CH2-OH
2. Fatty alcohol -ethylene oxide
- Stearyl -ethylene oxide :
C17H35 (CH2CH2-O)9- CH2CH2-OH
- Oleyl -ethylene oxide :
C17H33 (CH2CH2-O)9- CH2CH2-OH
1.3. Sequestering Agents
2. Nonilphenol-ethylene oxide
C9H19-C6H6-O-(CH2CH2-O)8-19- CH2CH2-OH
1.4. Stain Removing Agents
(Emulsifier with high HLB)
2. Nonilphenol-ethylene oxide
C9H19-C6H6-O-(CH2CH2-O)8-19- CH2CH2-OH
1.5. Kier Boiling Asistents
(Emulsifier with high HLB)
CH2 OH
CH2
SO3Na
SO3Na
2.1. Cresylic and non-cresylic
agents
0-4
NaO3S SO3Na SO3Na
2.2. After scouring agents
a). Levellers
Fatty alcohol-ethylene oxide
condensates :
1). Cetyl alcohol – ethylene oxide
C16H32-(CH2-CH2-O)2- CH2-CH2-
OH
2). Palmytyl alcohol - ethylene
oxide
C15H31-(CH2-CH2-O)2- CH2-CH2-
OH
3.1. Auxiliaries for dyeing
a). Levellers
Certain dyes, especially in the vat
series, have a high rate of dyeing and
poor migration property. It is very
difficult in such cases to obtain a level
dyeing, especially when the dyeing is
carried out in the package form.
Levelling agents are used in such cases
to dye the textiles evenly. They act by
keeping the reduced vat dyes in the
dyebath, and slow down the dyeing rate.
3.1. Auxiliaries for dyeing
b). Wetters
1). Sulphonated Castor Oil
(Turkey Red Oil = TRO’)
C7H15-CH-C7H15-COOH
SO3Na
2). Sulphated methyl-ricinoleate
(Turkey Red Oil = TRO’’)
C5H11-CH-C5H11-(CH2)3-CH-CO-OCH3
OSO3Na OSO3Na
3.1. Auxiliaries for dyeing
b). Wetters
Sulphonated castor oil (also called Turkey
Red Oil = TRO’) is used as a wetting agent
(pasting agent) for vat dyes and naphthols
before dissolving (by vatting and treating
with caustic soda solution respectively).
Wetting agent superior to Turkey Ted Oil
(TRO’) are Sulphated esters of fatty acids
like methyl or butyl oleate or ricinoleate
(TRO’’). These have wetting properties
which are better than those of Turkey Red
Oil.
3.1. Auxiliaries for dyeing
d). Softeners
All fibres contain some oily, fatty, or waxy
substances in the raw state. The removal
of these substances during scouring and
bleaching operations, application of
certain colouring matter at high
concentrations and use of stiffening
agents during finishing make the feel of
the fabric harsh. These treatments impart
an unpleasant hand to the cloth. It is
therefore, necessary to apply some
softening agents to textiles to impart
softness, smoothness and flexibility.
3.1. Auxiliaries for dyeing
0-4
NaO3S SO3Na SO3Na