Lenz's law 

(pronounced /ˈlɛntsɨz lɔː/) is a common way of understanding how electromagnetic circuits

must always obey Newton's third law.[1] Lenz's law is named after Heinrich Lenz, and it says:

"An induced current is always in such a direction as to oppose the motion or change causing it"

Faraday's law of induction indicates that the induced electromotive force (emf) and the change in flux
have opposite signs, and it also gives the direction of the induced (emf) and current resulting from
electromagnetic induction.

For a rigorous mathematical treatment, see electromagnetic induction and Maxwell's equations.

Faraday's Law
Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf)
to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how the change is produced, the voltage will be
generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength,
moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the
magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet, etc.