ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

- Termotehnic Project -
PROJECT’S CONTENT
WRITTEN PARTS
DRAWING PARTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 PROJECT’S CONTENT

WRITTEN PART:
1. Content
2. Project’s theme
3. Calculus steps:
 Determinationof the geometrically characteristics of the building
 Determination of the specific themic resistance (R)
 Thermic bridges identification
 Determination of the corrected thermic resistance (R’)
 Determination of the average thermic resistance (R m)
 Determination of the thermic insulated global coefficient (G)
 Determination of the yearly heat quantity (Q)
 PROJECT’S CONTENT

DRAWING PART:
 Ground Plan, scale 1:50
 First Floor Plan, scale 1:50
 Thermic bridges identification – Ground level
 Thermic bridges identification – First Floor
 Types of identified thermic bridges (sections)
GROUND PLAN
PROJECTS’S STEPS
Determination of the geometrically
characteristics of the envelope
Plate’s Area over the basement (A1)
Plate’s Area under the ground level (A2)
Plate’s Area under the attic (A3).
A1= A2 (sometimes !!!)
Building perimeter (P)
Geometrically characteristics

Free height of the ground level

(measured between superior layer of the
floor and the first plate)
Height of the ground level 3.00
(measured between superior
layer of the ground floor and
the superior layer of the 1 floor
Free height
of the Height
ground of the
level ground 0.00
HHEATED level
Geometrically characteristics

Exterior woodwork area (A4)

Exterior walls area (A5)
A5=P*H- A4
 Building envelope area (A)
A=A1+A2+A3+A4 +A5
 Heated volume of the building (V)
V= A1*H
Table 1 – Geometrically characteristics of the envelope
Denumirea elementului de anvelopă Suprafaţă elem. de anvelopă orientată cardinal Suprafaţă
[m2]
Nord Sud Est Vest

parter
Pereti exteriori – A4
etaj
parter
Ferestre – A5
etaj
parter
Uşi acces exterior– A6
etaj
Planşeul inferior (peste subsol) – A1
Planşeul peste parter – A2
Planşeul superior (sub pod) – A3
ARIA ANVELOPEI
A1+A3+A4+A5+A6
Planşeul inferior (peste subsol) – A1 Planşeul peste parter – A2 TOTAL VOLUM
Înălţime parter – h1 Înălţime etaj – h2 ÎNCĂLZIT
V=V1+V2
Volum încălzit parter – V1 (A1×h1) Volum încălzit etaj – V2 (A2×h2)
Project’s Steps
2. Determination of the specific thermic
resistance (R) – on single direction
 n
di
R  R e    R i [m  K / W]
2

i 1  i

 Re – superficial thermic resistance at the exterior

surface of the element [m2.K/W]
 Ri – superficial thermic resistance at the interior surface
of the element [m2.K/W]
 d – thickness of the element’s layer [m]
  – thermic conductivity coefficient [W/m.K]
Project’s Steps

Detail – EXTERIOR WALL

Project’s Steps

Detail – PLATE OVER THE BASEMENT

Project’s Steps

Detail – PLATE UNDER THE ATTIC

 Project’s Steps
Table 1 - Determination of the thermic resistance
(specific to each envelope’s element)

Total thermic
Thickness Thermic Specific thernic
Layer Building material of each resistance of the
Element of the conductivity resistance
no. layer envelope's element
layer d [m] λ [m2.K / W] 2.
[m K / W]
Thermic resistance of
the interior surface of
the wall 0.125
1 Interior plastering
Exterior Wall

2 Brickwork masonry
3 Thermo Insulation
Exterior plastering
4 polymeric reinforced
Thermic resistance of
the exterior surface of
the wall 0.04
 Project’s Steps
Determination of the corrected
thermal resistance (R’)
R' 
1 2
[m ·K/W] U' 
1

 (   l)   
U' R A A
where:
R – thermic resistance on a single direction, in the zone without thermal bridges,
where the element is made by one or many layer, which are honogeneous
considered, including non-ventilated air layers, all disposed perpendicular on the
thermic flux direction;
R = Rsi +ΣRs + ΣRa + Rse [m2∙K/W]
 – liniar specific coeficients of the thermic transfer in the thermal bridges zone,
[W/m∙K];
l – the length of the thermal bridges, [m];
 – punctual specific coefficients of the thermic transfer, [W/K]
THERMIC BRIDGES

Those zone of the building’s envelope in which the

thermic flux (in a single direction) is considerable
modified by:
Total or partial penetration of the building element
having different thermic conductivity
Variation of the envelope element’s thickness
Variation between interior and exterior surfaces
 THERMAL BRIDGES IDENTIFICATION

PUNTI TERMICE
IN T - CURENTA

PUNTI TERMICE
COLT INTRAND

PUNTI TERMICE
COLT IESIND
 Unheated roof

Heated
first floor

Heated ground Heated Unheated

floor ground floor garage

Heated Unheated
basement basement
VERTICAL THERMAL BRIDGES

1. OUTSIDE CORNER -
Vertical joint – Outside Corner (Simetrically Bridge)

Length of the bridges = Hheated

EXTERIOR

2
INTERIOR
1
R.V. - OUTSIDE CORNER 1 = 2
1 = 2 = 0.05 W /m
VERTICAL THERMAL BRIDGES

2. INSIDE CORNER -
Vertical joint – Inside Corner (Symmetrically Bridge)

Length of the bridges = Hheated

INTERIOR

2
INTERIOR

1

R.V. - INSIDE CORNER

1 = 2 = 0.01 W /m
VERTICAL THERMAL BRIDGES

3. CURRENT THERMAL BRIDGE

Current Vertical Joint (T)
EXTERIOR
Length of the bridges = Hheated

1 2
INTERIOR INTERIOR

CURRENT VERTICAL JOINT (T) 1 = 2 = 0.02 W /m

HORIZONTAL THERMAL BRIDGES
4. CORNICE HORIZONTAL JOINT
(UNSIMETRICAL BRIDGE)
EXTERIOR
1 = 0.14 W /m
2 = 0.24 W /m
2

PFLOOR
Floor’s perimeter at
1 the interior side of
EXTERIOR INTERIOR
the walls

Length of the bridges = PFLOOR

CORNICE HORIZONTAL JOINT
HORIZONTAL THERMAL BRIDGES
5. SOCLE HORIZONTAL JOINT
(UNSIMETRICAL BRIDGE)

EXTERIOR 1 Ti = 200 C
1 = 0.225 W /m
TERMOINSULATION 2 = 0.30 W /m
n
Htermoinsulatio

UNHEATED BASEMENT

2 Ts = +50 C

Length of the bridges = PFLOOR

Htermoinsulation = MIN 70 CM
SOCLE HORIZONTAL JOINT
HORIZONTAL THERMAL BRIDGES
6. INTERIOR WALLS HORIZONTAL JOINT
(UNSIMETRICAL BRIDGE)
INTERIOR INTERIOR
Ti = 200 C
Ti = 200 C
1 2 1 = 0.2 W /m
2 = 0.2W /m

UNHEATED BASEMENT UNHEATED BASEMENT

Ts = +50 C Ts = +5 C 0

Length of the bridges = LWALL

WINDOW’S PERIMETER
THERMAL BRIDGES
7. THERMAL BRIDGES ARROUND THE WINDOWS
EXTERIOR
1

INTERIOR

L
Length of the bridges = PWINDOW
1 = 0.25 W /m
PWINDOW = 2(L+H)
 Determination of the corrected
thermal resistance (R’)
Envelope R (calculate at
Element Thermic Bridge  l ×l previous stage) U’ R’
R.V. Inside cornerplate
R.V. Outside corner
R.V. current („T”)
Exterior Walls

R.O. Socle
R.O. Balcony
R.O. Int. Wall
R.O. Cornice
Arround the carpentry
Total exterior walls A=
Plate over the basement Plate u

R.O. Socle
R.O. Interior walls
Total plate over the A=
basement

R.O. Cornice
R.O. Interior walls
 Determinarea coeficientului global
de izolare termică (G)
Este un parametru termo-energetic al anvelopei cladirii pe
ansamblul acesteia si are semnificatia unei sume a fluxurilor termice
disipate (pierderile de caldura directe) prin suprafata anvelopei
cladirii pentru o diferenta de temperatura de 1 grad raportata la
volumul clădirii la care se adauga cele aferente reimprospatarii
aerului interior.

1 A  
G     '   0,34  n
V  R 
 A    Apereti _ ext   Aplanseu _ sup   Aplanseu _ inf   A Tamplarie  
  R'   R '  '
R planseu _ sup
 '
R planseu _ inf
 '
R Tamplarie
pereti _ ext
Determinarea Coeficientului
Global de izolare termica - G
V – Volumul interior incalzit al cladirii
V = A 1 * Hi
n = Viteza de ventilare naturala a cladirii,
numarul de schimburi de aer pe ora
n= 1
 - Factor de corectie a temperaturilor
exterioare
=1
 Necesarul anual de caldură (Qan)
24 
Q  C  N12  G  (Qi  Qs ) [kWh/m3.an]
1000

 Q = necesarul anual de cadură pe metru cub de

volum încălzit [kWh/m3.an]
 C = coeficient de corecţie
 G = coeficientul global de izolare termică a cladirii

 N12 = numarul de grade zile de calcul corespunzator
localităţii unde este amplasată clădirea
 Qi = aportul util de caldură rezultat din locuirea clădirii
 Qs = aportul util de caldura provenit din radiaţia solară
Qi + Qs = aporturi gratuite de caldură
Qan = Q.Vinc
N12 = N2012-(20-)*D12
Numarul de grade zile de calcul
Numarul de grade zile de calcul
Numarul de grade zile de calcul
Coeficient de corectie - C
Aporturi gratuite de caldura Qi + Qs
Qi = aportul util de caldura rezultat din
locuirea cladirii
Qs = aportul util de caldura provenit din
radiatia solara
Qi = 7, pentru cladirile de locuit
Provine din:
fluxul termic al celor care locuiesc in cladire, utilizarea
apei calde, prepararea hranei, utilizarea energiei electrice
pentru diferitele activitati, iluminatul general,
functionarea diferitelor aparate electrice, etc..
Aportul util de caldura provenit
din radiatia solara - Qs
Aportul util de caldura provenit din
radiatia solara
Se considera ca provine NUMAI prin
suprafetele vitrate (ferestre si usi
exterioare prevazute cu geamuri)
Nu se tine seama de aportul provenit din
radiatia solara prin suprafetele opace
Aportul util de caldura provenit
din radiatia solara – Qs
Aportul util de caldura provenit
din radiatia solara – Qs
Igj = Radiatia solara globala
Intensitatea radiatiei solare totale
Intensitatea radiatiei solare totale
Necesarul anual de combustibil
si Emisia anuala de CO2
Pe baza necesarului anual de caldura,
Qan = Q*Vinc ,determinat se pot calcula:

Necesarul anual de combustibil

Emisiile anuale de CO2, SO2, CO, NO2, etc
Necesarul anual de combustibil si
Emisia anuala de CO2