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Ha npOTJlDKeHHH WITH. BeKOB ~eCTBOBaHHJI CBRm;eHHoro MbSIHGl CB5I3aHHble C HMM TaMHble 06I.Q.eCTBa, Tame, KaK -Kpyr Oxrsroa- HJIH «qepHbI~ OpAeH», rrpOBOP;.HlIH cexperaste onepaumr ,!VIR pa3Bep;bYBaTeJIbHhlX Cll)I)K6 Apyrl1X CTpaH, l-IanpMMep, ~ H3paWIbcKoro Moccaaa HJ'lH aMepl'IKaPIcKOI'O ~pY. H, noxa Te 60PO)UlCb npOTHB orxpsrroro spara - apaficxoro TeppopM3M3 H KOMMyHH3Ma, - CBJlllJ,eHHbIH AnbSlHC Hay-rHJ1CSI npHcnoca6mmaThCR K n;eJIJIM 11 06cTOHTeTIbCTBaM, na KOTopbIeyr<a3bIBa.TIH nOHTH<pHKH. DOTOMY 'iTO, K3K Cl(a3aJI BCeMOry:II.J:I1I1: Kapp;MHaJJ Ilanyuno n~QH, soarnaaJlSlBIIIHM CBJIU.l;eHHbIti AAbHHC B cepenane XVII sexa, <-ecJUJ narra rrpnxaastsaer YIUP'ITO)KHTb KorO-TO BO HMJI 3aI1~HTbI aepsr, TO 3TO zrenaior, He sanaaaa BonpOCOB. OH - rnac DmKl'Ul, a Mbl - PYKa, ero Bomo HcnonHmQI.Q.aR» ..

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11;111 'I(O'fl:areHTypHotl: CeTW, CBJI,Ill,eHHOrO An:bilHca,M I<:OHTp- 1 'I~Jlle1.{KM$ SodaUtiufn. Pianum; yt)MmVlM, rpa6IDIM, ycrpanaa.ur 3::Il"OBOPbl 1-1 rrpenasaaa BO HM:IJ Tocnozta H K:ilTOnHqeCKOU lICPbt no npaxasy aepxoaaoro tRaBh] Pl1MCl\OH KaTOJUiJ:qCrlCO~ ~epKBM. nanCKl1C mrraom« crana CHMBOJlOM CUM6Jiiona, non JI08yHroM KClTOPOTO OHM ,n;eHCTBOBaJIH:dCpccrOM Ii mrzarOl1:~. Ike C06bITlIR~ OflHC,UiR.hle Ha crpaamrax aTOn I HMTn, RaK H BceynoMl-lHaIQ1II,HeCJI B HeR JIMQa, aGCQJtlOTHO pe<lllhHbL

Jil60 MHOl'yH:~, 0 'KOTOPblX 1! t.laCTO r080pH:TI BaM, a reneps

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r RABA DEPBAJI

ME)KllY PE<POPMOM 11 HOBbIM COlO 30M (1566-1570)

Cyx.ueC'J'BYJO'l· pasasre npe.n;nono%-eHIDr 0 TOM, 1<1'0 xa caMOM zienc 6bJJl OCHOB3TeJJeM TaK Ha3PIBaeMoro Cnsurenaoro Mbsaca - pa3Be,1J;bIBaTen:bHOI1: C/Iy%6bl BaTYIKaJia. Ho, nO-Bl1.Qy[~ MOMY, WHC'l11Tyt' nartcxax areE:rOB C03p,an a 1 566 rOll,y rrarra rrl1~ V (1566-1572) AJUI 60Pb6lll C rrpOTeCTaUTM:3MOM, KOTOphlH OJUuJ;eTBopIDIa xoponesa EnH3aBeTa I AIirJIi1aCK.uL

nOJIh30B.aBllluH'CR rrOKpOBI'I1eJIbCTBOM Kap,t:V'lHaJIa .D>KaHnserpo Kapa¢cpbI (6y~ero [1anbI DaBJIa IV) MMKe.1le f113- msepn 6bIJI npM3B;l.H B PWM ,l¥llI1'oro, YT06bJ IIpHIDITh aa ce6JI PYKOBO,n;crBO HeKoH OC060H M0ccMei1. Ero npeOCBHllI,eHCTBO nopytUJJl rU3JlMepH C03,n;3Tb c13oero pona KOHTppa3Be,lJ,I<y. 3ra CJIyJK6a, cTpyrcrypHpoBaHHa51 no rrpMH:Q1my m:tpaMM,nhl, ,D.OIDKHa 6bma C06HpaTb HHcpOpMaWiIo 060 ncex, KTO rrapylIIaJI nancxne npe,lJ;ITHCaHl1JI M tIe C06nlO,lJ,aJI uepxoaaue norMbJ, a cne'[(OBaTe;JJhHO, Mor 6blTJ:> rrpezran C'fI1Y MHKBH3au;~M.

MOllO,n;OMY C,BHur;eHHHKY OtleHh l1MnOHl1pOBaJlM Tal1Hhl.e 061lJ,ecTBa,a Cn8TaH HHKB113HUJ1J! (Sanctum Officium, M))lt CSjlTOH Tp116YHan) npep;CTasJlJl}!aCb eMY OtJ;HHM 113 caMhlX MO~eCTBeHHhlX TaHHblX 06~ecTB Taro apezreaa, TPYAhl areHTOB fM3JIHepM B 06JIaCTJlX KOMO H Beprasic npaanexna BHHMamfe szracrs MMYUVIX B Pl'IMe:. Menee qeM sa ron 110'tlTIl

CID1~EHJ-JhIfl' AJlb.SIHC 1 5

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IIb.lTKa ,ll;bI60B: COCTOJ,Jl.Ia B TOM,'I.I!fO npel1.110JIaraeMOMY epenncy CBH3bIB<lJU1 PYKI1 3;;1 CJJlmON It nO,lJ;Hl'tMaJIH3a HI1X na CBMCallllle}li c nOTOJlK:l BepCBKC. KOfp;a Te)10 UJIfHHI1K:l noBHC;:IlIO B B03.ZJ;yxe, ero O'POYCKaJIlf, l.IT06bI OHO yrrano non ll;ci1:cTBneM COOCTJ'JeHHOrO sees. Ha.l'gH)'T:llI sepesica pe3NO npepsrsana lla,n;eRHe B MeTpe 01' nona, M 0.1' CP.l.JIbIwrO pMBKa CYCTaBbI llllElHHHKa Bb[BOpa'tumanMCb M3 CYCT:lBHbIX cyMOK.

Elllie O,lJ;HOM tIaCTO npMMem'l:BillellCg llbITKOH 6bllIa rIbITKa [IOAoH. Ilwaqa pacmrasarm rneHHII{K:l Ha ~epeBj!HHOM TonLl:;u-ue, HMeBIIJeM CPOPMY)l(eJIQ6a, H K:JIaJIH eMY Ha ropno noneey TOHKOH MOKpoti TK~UiH. ITPH 9ToueMY 3:lKphIB,mu HOC, 1.LT06bl OR Be Mor AbIllll'I'b. Ente O,D,I1H nana-t JlHJ1 rmeHHUKY aolliY B pOT M H03~pH. HeCt.i.aCTHPlH QI{33bIB':lnCH .JJ.MllleHflblM 1'I03MO)IQ;lOCl'M B.tJ/OXHYTb B03,l1,yx. Korzta Bpaq I1HKBH311LU1:I1 npepsisan IIbITI<y, Q3GTO O}U3.bIB3JIOCb, 'l:ITO )l(epTB3 )liKe ycneJI::J MCnyCTHTb .z;zyx.

B 1551 [,O,D,Y MMKeJIe fU3nuepli B 6narO,D,apHOCTb aa QKaaaaasre ycnyra IlO1IY"JWl OT Kapa¢cphl nOBhIllleMl'Ie: Kap;U;HHall Ha3Ha'lJRlI era rllaBOH: PHMCKO:H:MH.J(BM3HlJ,MFl. 31'0 npolil30JII)IO B npasaeaae nansr lO)lI-u! ur (1550-1555). nO,lJ; I raq;J}lOM fH3JIJ1epU KOHrpera:r.v1H ClmToH HHKB.H3HI.!;IifH1 IIOlwqvma caMblC JIIMpOKRe 1303MOJKHOCTH: ,iVUl. ,!J;OCTIDKeHI1H uenCR, xoropsre oxacraaana nepen co6oI1. B nepayro ol.J:epe,lJ;b

)bllI perpopsrapcaan T3K H:l3bIBaeMbIl~ BepxoBHbII1l:. IUiKB.I!I-

I T(oHrperau,wJi HHtm~3MUl'IM COCI'OJlltll M3 lCapl\ldltanoB (B 1882 r. 1'13 Ir!lHHa:u;u,aTH) nOA JlI¥UlblM np~;D.cel\a'1·eabC'1·BOM aanu, liiblJra ¥!;!p~eH'a B I 542 ro.o;y l';ranm' TIawtOM m BKa<.leCCTBe oGui,ero Jl,lIJ! BceH :Ka'!'OJ1J,J'IeCKOM I tepKBU rpH6YE:lM3: no .ltelIaJ'I.1 a epOCRJ'( f:l npecryrtJIeHHftX npemB sepsr, a B I 'iS7 ro.ltY n~noH CHKC'l'OM aoaaenena Ha nepaocreneauce M.eC!J:O cpe;l\1w II( ex Kmlrpe1'all;Hll npM nanCKOM npeeroae. -l1pUM. nepeB.

16 3PHK cDPATIH.HH

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TPQJlb H~ HUM rpyrme cnenaansno Ha3HaqeHHhlX Kap)J,HHa- 110B. Kapznraarrsr 6hTnM OAl:IOBpeMeHHO Ii C¥,ltb1JMH, Ii COBeTHHK2MJiI nansr 13 cnyqaRx,Kor,:q;a peQb mna 0 TOM, QTo6bJ nosseprayrs CY11.Y KorO-.]1H60 113 B11:,11.HbIX npeztcrasarerrea pHMCKoro 06IIJ;ecrBa.

BepOHTHO, HMeHHO I'nanaepa B H3Qa]lC 1552 rona veraFrOHM cexs I<aTeropnti: npecrynnaxos, zoropsre nOlVlOKaJIM CY!1.Y TPH6}'l'1aJI<J. CBRTOH HHKBI13HI-tl111: epeTHKH; naua, sanonoapemrsre B epecn, JIMna, nOKpOBI1TeJ1bCTBYlOIIJ;}le epernKaMj Mani, KOJI)J,)'Hbf 11 BOJIme6HHKl1; 6oroXYJIbHl1KIil;JIHna, OTK33blBaIDUJ,I1eCH rrOBKHOBaTbClI areHT<lM HHKBH3MlJ,HH; Te, K.TO pa306beT, OCKQP6MT HlIH J33JI'OMael' rreqanr HJUi 3HaKH CBRTOR HHl<BH311.lJ,HI1:.

HaqHHag C sroro me roaa rH31IHep11. orryran ropon CBOcH mnaoxcxoa CeThIQ_ Ero arenrsr ,D;eaCTBOBaJIH nosciozty - OT roponcxax TP~o6 /1,0 xyxoas )J.BOPO:OB pHMcKml saara. Co- 6paHHbre are1iT3M11. 11.HKBH3H41U'l CBe,lJ;eHMH nepenasanacs mltIHO rH3J1Hep11. ;lJ.BYMH cnocotiann: ycmo Ji[ C nOMO~hlO rax Ha3bIBaeMbIX Informi Rosso (xpacaoe nOCJIaHHe)_ KpacHbIe nocnanaa npezterasnana co6o:0 KYCKH nepraaerrra, caepayrsrea Tpy6K}'", nepe.aH3::uiHhle KpacHoll neHTOqJ(OM H sane-raraaaue neQ3.TblO c rep60M CSJlTOM MHKBl13HQHH. ComaCHO 3aKoHaM Taro :apeMeHH, B3JIOMamnero rresars )K,lJ;aJla He}1e.D;J1eHHaR cMep1"h. A na caepnyroa nepraxerrre arenrsr fff3JIHepH: 3a.rrMCbIBaJIH see TO, qTO CJIYJKIDIO rrOBO,lJ;OM )J.J1JI ':ItlCTOCOBepmeHHO He06oCHOBaHHoro OOB11HeHHJI xaxorom160 )I\}1TeJUI PHMa 13 napyrnexaa 3aKOHOB o:epKBH JiI nO,1VIe}KaJlO paCClIe,nOBaHHIO TpH6YHanOM Kl-lKBll3HD;MR. Kpacuere rrOCnaI-tR$I o.nyCKaJII1Cl!:!. B ManelihI<HH 6POH30Bblfl HUJ;HK, cneQHaJIbHO ll/lH. SlTOlf D;eJIH YCTaHOBJIeHHbIH Y illTa6-KBapnrphI CMTO:i1 HHKBH:3HlJ,HM B PRMe.

3a HeCKOJIhKO ner rnana ldHKBM3MD;ill1 C)7MeJI C03,2J;aTb O,lJ,Hy 11.3 casorx 06umPHhlX 11 paocrocnocotiasrx areHTYPHblX CeTeH, a TaIOKe co6paTb CARY M3 .nyqurnx KapTOTeK CBe,2J;enMl1

CBHII.{EHHbIA: M!QRHC I 7

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43 MaJ.! 1555 pOAa, IIQCJIe Q'-leHb. KOPOTKOTO (Me:Hhme Meorna) rrpa.BJ1eHHR rrarrsr MapKen:a H, Ka.P,ll;HHa;1 ,lQKaHllbeTpO Kapac:p.cpa, He BerpentB COnpOTI1BJIeHIDI HI1 co CTOPOHbI H'Mrreparopcxoa, HH co crcponer cppaHEI;YSCKOH ornroamma, rOJIQCOBaHMeM II!.OHKJlaB:l 6bI1I I136paH rranoa pMMCKlIM. DoCOlI Berreuaa ,lVKaKoMo HaBap;JKepO TaK oxapasrepxaosarr noaoro rrarry, KOTOPOMY 6hInO B TY TIOPY ceMbp;eCHT )];eBHTb neT: <.<Kapacpcpa - narra, 06na,l'l;aIOIQ;vul 'TeMilepaMeHTQM HeHCTOBhlM H nmlMeHHldM. B ,1iI;enax ynpaBrreHMH nepxossro ~PQHBl:IHeT OR HeyMepeaaylO 3anVIJ':,QUBOCTb. K TOM:y JKe 9TOT rrpecraperrsm nOH.TPIqm:K He nepeHOCHT, K<l)KeTC1.I, KOf,Ilja KTo-mn:io eM)' nporasope-nrr-,

Kapa¢lcpa, Y'l\e CTaBlliHl1 narroPi T1annOM IV, HXt.U1.Ha:CT onacarsca Morym;cCTBa 11 BJULc:r:M fM3mIepH. 'o:te.no AOIllJIO l1.0 roro, q"FO pMMcKoe npecrorrapozn,e ClKpeCTMJIO reaepana I1HKBH3WU;HM <'TeHenblM naIlcn';j:.>.) O:LIml:K0, aecxorpa HH aa QTO, rrana npOH3Do):l1'1T MUI<cJTC fM311HepM B Kap~l1RmbI. C 9TGfO MOMeHTa :MHKBI13HTOP C'FaHOBHTca see Gonce MOryrn;ecrBcHHbIM M onacmax. Mnorae qJlelThI Kon;n:efMH xapnaHaROB He 7IKCnal1H,ZJ;onyCKaTb, 't.J''r06bI OR, 6y,lJ;Y't1n HHKBU3HTClPOM, sepurazr cYflD6hI KaTOJIMt.ICCKOHlJ,epram.

A mnHOHbI fH3JIHCpa pa60TI:IlIH B nOiTIHyIO c:rmy, CCH YJKac aa YJIHo;a:x Pl'lM2. ArCH'I'hI Kap:ll:MH<l.1Ia., H3B~CTHbrC KaK <·qepnsre MOHaxH!>, BbI6npa:n:H )1(CpTBY H )K,ll;aJIH,. xorna 3TOf}'tIenOnel{ OKa)KeTCJl aa Kal(QM-HH6y;Z:l;l~ 6e3JIlo;D;HOH ymuJ:e. TOT,l1a ere X!BaTaTI1'l •. aarraxasana 13 3aKpbl'rbrH EpyprOJ;I H BC3JlH B OAHO M3 TillBHhIX nOMCrn;CHHH HHKBM3MU;HH. HeKHii MOHax, DI1- P;CBlUHH C06crSCHBJ:.IMH rmt3aMH npl'r6bITHC CXBal.ICHHh!X BO nsopen CBIITo.i1: liflKBM311l1~Ml1 D PlilMe, OCTaBH}J Ta.l{OC orracaJ.lHe 3TOfQ co6hlma (OHO npl1Bo.z;\HTCH B KHMrc J1eoHap)],a Tanya <,Ot5U\M MC'l'OP1'!H HHKBM3rnJ;I1U», 1869 r.):

«')KepTBY OCTaBJUIJIH na H11)KHeM anr),lCC BHYfPC1'lH(lI'O )];130- pa, PHAQM C rJlaBHbrM BXOJJ;OM. Orryna aa1.jHHaJIOCb ee nyTeme.CTBMes aexce KPyr.nOC nOMCUI,CHHC, rae ,lJ;eCHTh npHKpermCHHhrX K crCHC Cl\eJICTOB aossemana eM, '-ITO iHHO~.1J;a nOCTonJIblJ,CB 3TOM rOCTHHMD;bI JKHBbeM npH6:vmaJIH rBO!3.D:RMH, 1.j1'061>I ,u,aTh 11M BCTPeTMTh CMCpTh. Ilocne CTOJIb He.,D,BycMhIClIcHl-roro rrpep;yae)Jl;DMJICHllfl H'fK1.jaCTHblM: nOnallaJ:i aa COCC.x:t.H]Q.ID ranepeio, me RaXO,ll;l<U1 em;e l1Ba xenoseaecxax CKeJ1eT.a, HO He CTOJ.Jl.1lHX H2 Borax, a pacnpocreprsrx aa nony TaK, ~ITO OHIi cxopee noxo,n;I'Vl!H ria M03aH~lH&IH: yaop :ruU! YL\p2iUCHRe. 11 B 'Tol'! me caro:o~ ranepee crrpasa HCHO 6hlJI I3M;ZJ;CH oxar co CJICAaMH 'I(Hpa, npJii2lJ3<1.HHbIM CJIY2KI-ITb Tail:HtQM 3aMeHOR KOCTpaM rra nnoma~x. KOTOPblC BblIllJIll M3 ynoTpe6nemiJi 6m,lrO,lJ;ap8 JIl:'In;eMcpHlO aroro MCIIOpqc:ru'mro sexa. [ ... J Co6CTlleHHO TeMHHD; aa rrepscx 3T~C 3p;aHMH 6bTJI@ He TaK MHoro, 3aTO ua BTOPOM3TaJKC HaXOiD,PlJICH 3an CrolTOI'O Tp1d6YHana, a no CTQPOHaM ero pacnonaranacs ase zrsepa, Ha onBOH. ,l1.SepH lIMenaCb HaArIMCb, KOTopaH rnacana, q'JIO 3TG nOIylel11.CHMe nepscro CBH1'oro orua, a na ApyrOH ~ 1.jTO aTO nOMem;CHHe B1'OpOrO CBHToro orua, Tax Ha3blBaJIM "HKBH311TOPOB, KOTOPhIM obma rropysena ABo.WHaH MHCCl1.!! II:OMOraTb Bepxosaoery Tp1I6YHany B CTpeMlIeHMM pacxpsisars npecryrrnaxoa H xapars BHHOBHhIX~l.

18 3Pf;1K¢PAITmm

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1 B 1873 !"OAY BO ,llBOPUe CB:.LTOVO ,lI;eJIa B PMMe npOM3J30AKIlMCb pacaonK.M. E oo,rrSaIlax 3t1aHlliI (!$blJlH 05tlapf*eBbI OCill'rKM O:A~)K).tbl paafIblx snox, ocrarxa BC'lJ'JOIi: M tlXKe M.oHe"'J.CbI cHsG6pa'KeHHcM npoq:ll-Irul nana 1J:HR VII (1800-182:6· BJi3rop;a,p}! 3TIlM HaX04Na,M C'!1I.lIO P'feSM,J:lH.Q, "1'1'0 B npaarreHue arere IiIOH7n~Ka aren'i'b1 ~BKllH3MLJ;MJ1 .. eme AetfCTIIOS:vII1 B PM'Me.

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PHqtIO Hero 6paT ;l1>Kysenne, Bb[3BaHHb[H 113 HTaJIMH, 4T06bI 6hlTb n0;rvre 6paTa.J. cj;>opMHpyror rpynny arearoa 'CBHmeHHoro MbHHca B IIIOTJllHAM11, Be 3a,qa-qeH? corsiacao npaKa31Huro name, aanaerca c60p 11HqJOpMaU;WM: 0 ~OHe HOKce, yqeHHKe KaJ1bBKHa, K:oropwl1 npeBGCXOAHT csoero 'f"lHTerm B TOM, tITO xacaercs OPTO,1J;OKCaJIbHOC'I'I1 PI MHTerpM3Ma. ,lJ,JIH I1iHlbI 11mI V HOKC MO:lKe'T' QI<a:3:9.ThCH e,nI1HCTBeHHhlM npenHTCTBHeM aa rryra B03Bpaur.eH:aHIlloT)]a}~Ml\I B nOHO PHMCKOM KaTOJJH'1eCKOM uepsna. COfJraCHO "CBep;eHl:fiJM, nolbITbIM nanCK_MMM arCHT<lMM, ~OH HOKC xorna-ro €ibIll He L onee qeM 3aypH.n;H!.IM KaTQl.IHqeCKHM CBHur.eHHHIWM,. peIllHBUIHM npHMKHy'Th K Perpopxanaa, ,l(mI aroro MHTerIDHCTa IClnbBMH n ,lJ,iKOP,1J,)l( YMIlIaprr DbIJ1Bi ytuuemIMH, gyxOBHbIMM

11eTO'llaMH, no rex nap noxa xoponesa-pererrrura lliOTJUlHJIHH He pennsra OKe4b YMmapTtl na KQCTpe. 3"E'a aKU,HH M ~e}I01)1a H3 HONca HliTerpHcra,. KaI:CGBbIM OR l'errepb HBmrnOl', H,

<,OH, npeBpaTMBIDHCb B mO':rnaFi;;qcI(oro npopoxa, KaJK,ll;Oe BOCKpeCeHbe 110C~maeT C aMBOHa co6opa CeH~)Kru:rb rrpOKJIHTHSI TeM, 1<1'0 He In'teMJIeT ere nponosenass. OR, KIlK AI1T5I, pa~weTOIK<lJK,[\bIv! pa31 rum. TeprrHT 110pa)KeHHe KaKOH-HllOYAh Kal'OJI:I1l( UJlI1 l1fi10M npOTl'(lBl-U'IK - npnBep)geHen; :a;pyrOH pem:rrMH. Korrra y6HBa1OTBpara, HOKC rOBopUT 0 pyxe Focrrona. Ka.>K)l.oe BQCKpeCeHbe, 3al(OHqHB nporrosens, OB: BC)CXBaJlJ.IeT Eota 'H npocar ero CI<Opee IIOIWH'l.IMT1:, C 1J;apCT.BOIB3HMeM y3ypn:l'TOpOB C:[IQapTaB If C KOpOJleBO:H:, eoccenasomen aa Tponel KOTOPhIM. e:fl:

He npI'iHa.lVleJKHT~.

26 3Pl1K (1)PATTHHM

xpoxe 'foro, rrp06j'IJ,WIa B aet1 caMYIO HCJ(peHHIOIOH nny6oIcyJ0 HeHaBUCTb K tJ;OMy C'rKJapToB.

Co CMepTbID CBOerG )"-IHTemI ~OH HOKC npeaparanca B J1Mp;epa TaK aa3blBaeMoro «BOCCTaHU.H npOTHB pereHTIUM». CJ>p3HI.zy3CKHe DOHCl<:l!, llhIC:I):lJ-mU1ueCH B IDorna:H,.ll,ru-I, ClT06bI OKa:3aTb IIOMOill,b MapFIH 1l.e I'aa, cxsarana HOKca, Ii OH 6bIfl OTnpaBJ1eH na rarrepsr.

OC]j.o"6o;z:p:rllillHCb, H01<C Hallen y6e1KBlIle .B K:a.JIf>BHHHCTCID1X crpanax, r,lJ,e H<Iy'lIH11CJ! BJ'Iapie1'h CJIOBOM H Heaa;B1I,n;eTh POCKOllib. Ep;;sa aepsryauracs B lliOTJlaHp,HIO, OH CYMe}l aanpa.BI1Tb aa nyI'b PecpopMar;;HR KaK ,!:IBOpaHCJ'Bo,. Tll( 1'~ npocT0l1 aapon, )J,1Ky3emle! 6paT .IJ.aluma P¥rt,p:,Jo! HHq,Opl>'lHpOBan narry o ABU~eHHM;, PYZWBO,D,PIMOM HOKCOM. B OP;HOM li3 CBQl1.X cooomeHlit'I ~erme namer:

OT ,UaBI1.n;a PWf,f't!O nana I11-111 V rronyt!fiW{ cootanenae 0 aerpexe ~QH'a HOKca C KOpOl1eBOM MapMei~ CT1oapT.

"B ':~.l,1Hm6ypre npoasomna scrpexa rrpaBep;HOH r(al'OJ1Hq~ KH KOpC)JIeB.hI illOTJIaHp;fHl C¢aHaTIIKOJ'I.1-npOTecraIdToM ,IJ>KOHoM HOKCOM. npOTI:Oaep;HI1R Ol>IJl BeBe)K]IHB Ii Ha3Ban pMMCKyID KaTDJIHQeCKYID ~epKoBh lllmOXGH:, KOl'OpcHI He MOJoKeT 6Dt'l'b cynpyroa I'ocnona, Koporreaa MapH:R 6bTJlG ocsopcnena 3TKMl1: ere CJlOBaMH').

CB.sJIIlEHHbJ:A AJIbHHC 27

C.B»:~eHHbIH: MMIHC nOCOBeTOBaJJ 6paTh51M PHtl"lO yCHJIMTb Mepbl no 06eCneQOHMIO C06CT.BeHHOl1: 6e30naCHOCTH: sa crorn, xoperxoe apescr OHM, KXiCeTCJI,. ycnena HaJKMTh CJlMIl1KOM lV-tHoro :sparos, a rrana He XO![1eR TepHTb 'l'aKMX n;CHHbIK areHTOB.

)J.:aYMH rnaBHbIMU BpaFaMM HTaJIbHHueB iff KosrrppeqxipMaU;FlM BilloTJ:laH~J1H 6bIJIH K<l"HLVIep.H xoponeasr: ee nesaKOH50pmK,lJ,eHI-lblii 6paT M.{oppeii PI YIDIMIM M911TnaHA, IT TOT J,{ ,ijpyrOM- nporecranrsr BCKOPC areirrer Caantermoro MhHHCaY3HalO'F QepC3 onaoro npeaarens, QTO KOpOJ1eBa Emt3aBCTa I AHrJII4Mcn:aJI mrraerca nO'!:{KYTIMTb KaHlVIcpa Mroppes 1<1 HeCKOJIbl<H.X JIOp,qOB C TeM, 'llTo6hI OHa opraaasoBan:H B lliO'li'illaH.D;HH BoceTaHHe npOTMH MapHH. Ilana MO.tKCT TOHbKO YBCP;OMMTb 06 9TOl\! I<1OPO:lIH McnaHB!.!: (DM:TUmrr:l H, KOl'Opbrfi C006m;aCT QepC3 csoero nOCJlaHHMKa npa aHrJIMllCKOM zmope, ~JT.O. ecna 9~O npOM30H)J;er, OR, B03MO)]wO, COxrer ce6:f:1 o6H3aHHbIM TIOMO'llh KaTOJlw:rCCl{OM xoponeae, DoCJIaH:I:Ul:K, HCCMOTP.II na CBOIO OCBe,n;OMneHHOCTb" HId: C:1IOSOM He ynoIIDIHyn 0 TIHChMe, OTnpaa.u:eHHOM lOliIHBapR 1566 ro~a I:T<1.ITOM nfl:eM V KOp0J.lieBC Mapaa CTlOapT: (·B03JI106neHHaH .aO'lb aanral C BeJUJKOH paaocrsro Mbl yaaana; 1:1'1'0 Bsr M. Barn cynpyr JIBHJ.lH 6;rreCTRm;ec ,[IOKa33'FeJIJ:.CTBO eBoeH 3~6QThI 0 TOM, I,lTo6:hI BepHytL B Dame KOPOJ.ICBCTBO HCTHHH_YlO uepxoss EO)l(hKl.».

Ho nee tJonee 6JJH3KHC OTH'OlllCHID.I Me>K,IJ,Y MapMeti: CTfOapr H ee cexperapex ,II,aBI1AOM Plf(.[qO HaLIHHalOT paanpamaTh MHorHX Morym,eCTBCtIHhl;X Jno,n;eH H3 OKp}QKeHIDI KOpOJreBb'I IllOT.Il3H,ll;HH. He cYl1pYJKccKMe OTHOmeHH$! C fCHPH )J,apHneeM CTaHOBliITCjJ :aCC xy"A<C 11 Xjl)Ke. ;lJ;apHJlC:H: BU,D;HT, 'ITO )KeHa craepraer ero H€ TOJIhKO KaK cyrrpyra, HO H KaK KOpOJI:f:l. My.>K MapMM. Crioapr t.:tyBCfByeT oe6H 06MaHyl'hIM, nOl'OMY ~lTO era He npoaoarnacana TIOflHOnpaBHhIM KOPOJ1CM Illo'rJraH,ll;M.I1, a J:IHlllh rrpHCBOIlJIr..I eMY IlOqeTHhI:H: TI'!"Iyn.

¢¥InI'mrr II OTnpaBMJiI CBOCMY rrOCJ1laHHliIKY fYCM3HY P;C C~mbBa rlHCb.MO, B KOTOPOM y:Ka3hIBaJI, Q~(') OM ~',D;01DKeH BHy-

lUl?ITh zoponese lli01'1l3H,l(HH, tI'fO eM rneAyeT . .11;etkTJ3GBaTb YMepeHHo [no Ol'HOmeHl'IJO K. PJ!!qtI.o1l1 R36eraTh scerc, qTO Morna 6bI BbI3saTb He)J;OEOJ.IbCTBO xoponessr AH:rJIHH>}. 31'0 naCbMa nonano 13 PyKI'I En113::LBeTbI I 6naro,ll;apa O,l:lHOMY arerrry, BHe.a.peHHoMY B P;OM McnaHCRoro rroczranaaxa M npe.n;aHHoMY P3fll.t0JIMPY, nOCJIaHHHKY AHrnMH. Ha eaMGM lJ,cJ1e <Dwumn II He 3Han TeMuepaMOOTa MapMM Cnoapr, H3~3a KOTOp oro rra]]Cl<M..PtareHT Mor rronacrs B OtIe5b aenpWITHYlO cHrrya~PlIO. BOBpeM~ O;D;HOI1 H3 BC'l'peq 1-laeAHHe P:Wl{"IO t1 MapHH illOl'lIaH,tICKOH MTWbHHert C006~MII eM, (.11'0 Y3HaJI, 6YATO <lHfJIHtI<lHe A.:UlanM nensra mOTJtaHACKI1M 110Bct'aBo;aM.

C .llpyron CTOPOHbI, aHr:nmICKMH nOCJl3HHMK He 3HlJ.I,. t,j·to HMeHHO Aam1)J; PHqqO H e:roepa1' OTKPhlJIH B <peBpane 1566 rozra, "fTO Qepe3 rrecnanaaxa PSIH~oflbcpa $uHaHcn:pOBalJOCb 6ercTBoB .AHr.rnuo UlQTJIa:Fr,ll;CKi:1:X MHTe:;'KHHKOB, xoropsic roAOM pam-me n"bITamrCI:iB<blcrynH'Fb nporns xoponeasr, ,I:(n3- zmaroro cpeBpamI Toro zce ro,1J;3 xopoxesa MapH1I C1'lOa:PT, HMeH Ha PYKax .o;OKJIa,Q" OTpe):(aKTl1'pOBaHHbID Ptl'·NO,BbI3Bana K ceoe aHr)'IHMCKoro rrocaaaaasa,

B.rraro.u;apR: areHTaM-:WI'an:hJlH~aM 'B PYKax MapluI. Cnoapr HMeJICH 06"beMHC"I'bZif O'pqeT 0 rrOMepJ.KKe MRTO:J{HMIWB,. 0 TOM POJIH, xcropyioarpaz aHrmukKHM ,ll;fUmOMaTB 6ecnoPHP,K<lX, HMCSIlII1X MeCTO B IllOTlla~UH B npome,n;rocM roiDY. 113fHaTb nocna - 3aJJ;aqa He 113 JIerKIIX 11 B aanra ,ZJ;BM; O~HaKO B XVI. sese 31'3 3a~~aqa 6bma ropaaao 60nee TPYllHOM. OCO- 6eHHO npa H<I:l'Il:l'n11I 'KeJ.IaHHJI H36e)KlllTb nocne.n,CTB.l1J1 1'a.KOM aKI..:(IdM. A Mapw:r Cnoapr 3'I'HX nocne;p\CT13mI He npocsaTana. Ha C:fIe~YIOJ.IJ;RH ;m:CHb nOCRe Y;ElaHeHl1JI I1QCJmHHMKa M:apIDI nocsrnaer EJIH3aBeTe I ll11:I:CbMO, SKD1'QPOM CHHMaeI' C flee SCIO snay, xOTH3HaeT, 'tITO eCJUI IIOCJIiRfIMK PaF~OJIb¢ 6bIJ!: acnosmarenesr, TO En:a3aneTa OhIna M03TOM BceJi. onepanaa. .a;a)Ke re nOQTH rpa H}rcnqM 3CKfAO, KOTOphrC .1I1O;ZJ;M YO:7ICHHreN1l I!ICTpaTMlTIH na 110,II,Kyn Tex, lITO :UOMOF 6e)KaTb mOTlI<lH,D,crw'M: .MJITe)KHHK:lM, 6bl1Ili M3BJle"leHhl H3 J1HqHI:iIX

CBJIllJ,EHI-Ibrtl: AJIhHHC 29

C~YKOB aafHYIMC'KOH B10pOlleBhI. Ho MJC:rPITeJJi.bHlUJ;a IIIolJ'naH;r(J1M II0CI'O.HHHO tJ;eplK'PIT B fOlIOBe CJlOBa HCIIaHCKOl"G MOaapxa, COBeTOBaBmenn cl1 He AeJiIaTb HH'lerO~ q:ro MonIO ehI paccep;LlPr"rh EnJ.f3~rBeTy.

21 CPCBPaIDJ 1566 rop;a MapM.l1 Crroapr namer .En.113aBere I;

-I'ecnoaca ,n:06pruI MOll cecrpal EygYl<lM, KaK Bcer;a.,<l,qCCTna if OTKpOBeHHa C BaMH, jl penmna HaIIMCaIT'h BaM 3TM CJIOBa, KOTOPhIMH cooomaro BaM 0 )J;Yl'H'lblx,n;eJolHHHX noCJl:aHHMKa Bamero 3;o;.eCb, PSIdAOJ1:ocpa. 51 IlQ~'illl.a sepaoe naaecrae [OT PI1QQO 11. CBJII.JJ;eHHOrO MhJIHca] 0 TOM,. 'iTO B C-aMhIH rp03fJhIR xac BOJIHeHllH, Kotophle B036Y,!l;WIH re, KTO aaOhI:TI 0 UmCOpHQCTH, H3:3BaHHh[H P9H,llOJIb¢> OK<'I3aJl HM noxoms B KOJIHqeC'rBC -rpex TbICW:l 3CKYJI.O, ;n;a6hI OHB nO)J;KYTIaJtH ,mo,n;en H YKpermHJIHCb npOTHB MeH.H. TIOCCMj7, ;«emtJI BbIpBaTb 3Ty 3aHO:lY • .II IIOBeJIeJIa .HBHThQI rrepeno MHcro OHOMY P3H,n.OJIbGjJy 11: ;MoeMY Conery, tITo6bI3<tcra _. ElHTb IIOMep~aTh STOT ,1J;Ol\,Jla,n; [nO,1l;TBepAHTh 06BMHeHHe] TOTO, KOMY 6b'IJIM OT,rtaHbI ,1J;eHbrH. I10CKOJIbl<Y HeMCIO na;a;e:SilTbCJI, l:JiTO BhI CO"1TeTe He;n;oeTOHHbIM, 'iTO em, 6y;n;YQM noorau crop;a l1,ll!il .n;o6PQH C1IY2K6bI, npaxpsiaaacs Bannor M.aH,.n;aTOW, rr:rOCBjITWI cdin ,aeHHIDlM npasao npOTMBQIlO]JO)KFfhIM, 5f He IIO~OJnlJla ynorpecars npOTHB Hero MepbI 60neec;ypOBOM, -qeM OTOCJIa'rb ero I( BaM C MOMMM IIMC'bMaMH, B KOTOPbIX MOll 06BMHeHlUI H31JOlKe~r 6oJI<ee npocrpamro-,

Ilepsoro MapTa 1566 rona nocon P3lH:t:.l,OJIbCP co csoeri {IIK1'0U nOKl1;1:l;an Il1oTiTIaH~Hro, Ho rrepen OTbe3,1l;O'lM OR nonl'OTOBwr illIIHORaM rrartsr I1ID1 V OTBeTHbIH yp;ap. Ii e~ M3 1 o OCHOBHbIX COI03lUIKOB B 3TOM axre OTMlI(eHHH ,n;O:IDKeH )I.m Cl'aTBHe lITO MHeH, Ka.K c:y:npyr KOpOJIeBb1.j feHpH .n;apH)1 '14:.

Ha 06paTHOM IIyrM B JIOlVl;OH IIQCOJI P3'H,1l;O!IbCP II OlKM;n;a- 11<111-1 npMI<:a3aHHH or CHoeH nOBVIMTe:llbHRQbl aa:,n;ep)I(VIC.II B

<{ .. J cepsesasre Cb6bITMR rOTO:BRTOI B lliOTJ1aH,D.HM:. JIap,n; ,UapHndl: [eyrrpyr MapHH CTIoapT] oxeas paccepscen H3 KoponeBY:, ]'1(60 ona OTICa3bmaeT eM)': B 6p~}tuml1 xopoae, H UH OC:Be,n;<DMJleH 0 nOBC,!IT,eHl1H KOpOJ1eBhI [ee ornomeauax c ,naBH,lJ;OM PWqqo], zoropoe EieB03MO~O nepeaecrn. [ ... J OH [AapIDIe~] peumn H36a:BM'fbC1I: OT l}H}lOBHMKa !I0BOpa [arel-ITa Caameanoro .AJlh.IIHca]. Bee P:OJDKHO 6bITh cnenaHO;o;O Haqan:3 CCCCMH napnaxeara-,

ropozte BeCll"BHKe. 1'1 o'rryaa nocnan xopoaeae EJIli3aBeTe I rrHCbMO;

,D;apHJ.Icn 60hhme He rtparaanrasrr aa ooooste 33ce,t(3Hl;Hl focw:tapCTseHMoro Conera, CMy He paapeuraior RCn0J1b30- BaTh KOpOJJCBCKPI:H :rep6 lliOTl1aH,QFII1, OH HH3Be,n;CH .p;o POJIM npan Ua-KO HCOPT<I. Ho npe3peHMeM K cyF.lpyry Map:I1H CTJOapr rerreps OXBat:,ICH<.I. He TOJ1hKO caM3 KOpOJI.Cl3a, fliO H ee 6RIDKaHLUHe npHABOpHhIC. ,:1l;al3MA PM·tP102 JIHt;IHhH1 cexperaps KoponeBbI, }'JKe He II0Ka3bIl3aeT eMY O<.jJxU,J;HaJIbfIbrx 6YMarM cra]~g:T TaK Ha3PlB;;I(::~yIO iron Stamp, xoponescxvro ne:l:l:aTb1 He crrpaunrzaa era cosera. AHtJrI1llClGfH nOCJIaHHPrK }QKC He HaID>lBaeT ero Be.JU1y:eCTBOM, a MOHeThI c ,qByMll Jrn:D;aMM H zrereH,D;OH Henricus et Maria (I'CHP.w:X H Mapmr) M3'D..IIThI pr3 o6~ pameHIDI: M3aMeHeHhl ApyrHM.M, C HOBm1 nereanoa: Mari.a Regina Scotiae (MapH.II KOpOJIeBa llloTJIaH,lI;KH) .. H fCO Bce).\fY 9TOMY rrpw6aamnOTCJI CJlyxW 06 ocofisrx OTHOrneHH..IIX Map'I'IH c ee cexperapesr, llin:MOHOM ,lJ;aBM,lI;OM pw·!t..[o, npespaTI1BDUi.MCa: B masre de p.laisir, 11]111 (lMfl.3CTPO HaCR~eHRtJ:". I(OpOJIeBbr.

I10CKOJlbKY areier Caamenaoro MMlHca cran BeChMa I130w;peH B HCKYceTBe nOeT<lBJIHTb I{'opO!11eBe Y.llOBOJIbCTBEre. OH ,r.r,eJ:!aeT KH~DKeCKHe )KeCThI, KOT)J.a c 3aBM,n;MhlM pBeHMeM 6epeTCH sa rocy~apcTBeHHble fI,ena. - H 3'['0 npn TOM, lITO acero sa neCKORbKO Mec:ql\e1'l AD TOfQ eH en C npl.1:CJIyn:~,H 11 crraE aa qepJJ;a~Ke Ha . .D: KOFllOmHdt npH~:ElOpm.Ie (MHOfBe 11:3

CSHlIJ;EHHbUl AllbHI{C 3 1

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Ilm'ITMcpHK rrpasasaa CBOHM areH'rliM o6epe:raTb Mapmo CTlOap'I' 01' mo6oti onaCHOC11H, OT scero, t:lTO Morna 6hI IlOMcrnaTb ocy:m,eCTBJIeH:VUO sroro Ba2KH:OrO mara,

A IIIOTnaH~CKI<ie ,lWOplIHe B03}UlraJ()']1 BClO OTBeTCTBeHnocrs 3R rrpe,qnom,raeMbIM: crosop FIa .n~um:.ll.a PHq~O. IIocon PSH,ll.OJIbCP cooenraer o6arroM CBoeM rocyp;aphIHe B Dld:CbMe, 1l0CnaHHOM H3 BeCTBH'K:a: Ii¥ljUiI Ear rromner eMY[fiaBM,ll,Y PHQQO] 6bICTPbItl: KOHeIJ;, Hlll:i l1iM ~mOTJIaH,ltCKHM ABop~:IHaMnporecraaraa] HeBhm:Q.CI1My:Io )KM3Ho'),

Hecsrorps rIa aero HeHa:SHCTh K I1TaJIMIHU;Y, rrpH,ll;BopHbIC ne XOTJIT BblcTYTIaTb nporas N.OponeBbl Mapl1H. OHM 3aalOT, c ({aKQJ1: cypoaocrsso OHa no,ttaBPl,JIa IIOCJIC.l1;Hee soccraaae, Hem;e MeHhme 11M XOqeTO! pa3;1J,eJIHTh C Mroppeext cy,ll,b6y ::urrmniCK0rra H3rHaHHHKa,

ITo npHKa3aHllKl narna PHl'IqO He )J,onYCKa.tI, !.JTo6I:.I Ma[UiH Crtoapr nOJKaJlOl3ana ,[(apwrelo rrpaao pereirreraa (matnmoma; Grawn - xopoaa no npasy cyrrpp.Keer:s,a). TInt{ V XQLleT JU060H uel'loHBOCrrpen.?lTC'J1BOOaThTOMY,QT06br, eClUi I ['I'O-TO cnyqHTOJ C KOPOJleaOH, perenr QJ;apwreM) caor 01'('l'YTII1TbCH OT naxepeaaa npeaparars IilOTJUHl.(MlO B KI:I.TO- 11I1'ileClcyto crparry, Ho HH'LI'l'O 113 npoxcxonantero He paanpa[\ile'l' ~apHneJI 'YaK, KQK TO, qTO era cynpyra MapHH CTIOapT

J u: rronrrycxaer era K ce6e, 1l03BOlL!l}!,. Gl,lJ,HaKO, illITHOUY Clnf,ltcIiHoro MbHJiCa nposonars ,ll;OJ.'lrIofe tJaChl C Heft Hae,ll;MA;e, 1\ I.HlCPTSiJ:B ee CI1l!UIbHbIX nOKOSlX,

Mapas CTIO~pTY'Ke OepCMeI:ma TeM" KTO cnYCTJI r0,11,"I:il I IIIC'1' K'Opo:rreM ilKO'BOM VI IIloTmlH,ltCKHM H HKOBOM I AnrJill ICK.l1M.:BnepB'bIe B acropaa IIlo'llJIaH,lI,ym saronopntasn

.32 3'PHK C)PATIHHH

I1GlJIyqatOT paaperneaae csoero xcpozra Ha MHTe)K. npOTHB csoea KopOneSb1. TIPN;tumpH'bre 3al"OBOp~KH 06eu~aro'r 01'HJl!Th BllaCTb Y Map:Ml1. Cnoapr M rrepe,1:(<ITh 3'I)' BJJaCTb .rlapHnero KaK HOSOMY ~OpOJIIO IliOTnaH,l1,I:Ul .. Co CBaeH C'rOPOHbI ,lI,apHJIeit o6em,aeT, "iTO, KaK TOJU)RO rrOJ:IY-tWT UIOTrraH,lJ;CKYW KOPOHY, napyer HM npO,lQ;eHMC M Harpa,D;FlT HOBblMH B.na,!J;eHl!IJIMM. runI'lOHb~ YOJICHHPCMa C006m;aIDT, q'l'O «KopO]Jcsa [MapWI OnoapT] pacicaasaerca BTOM, !.lTD BCTYfIWla B6pa$ C nm:pl1 t[apI-meCM. Iloroaaptrsazcr 0 TOM, ~:lT06bI ne_pe;qaTb KOPOHY lliOTnaH,l.I;l1:11 eMY r2lapHl'leIG], xoxer TOro KOpOlICBa HJ1k'I He xosrer, MHC 113BCCTHO, QTO eczra OHli ,D;OrOBOpnTCH, J3 6mr?KaWIIIHC AHId C op;oopeHlliI xopona nepepexyr ropno P'QqQOll'.

,AapHnel1 He )Kenacr CMCP'I'M narrcxoro HIm-fOBa no J]OJlHTM:'lCCIG:IM MQTHB2M, OR npOCTO pemZYCT K HCMY KaK K MY*IflfHC, KOTOPbIM OTIDIJI Y Hero ,llOBepH.e ero cyrrpyra :PI :K01"OneBCxy:ro nesars, MlOPpdt rOTOBMTCg aeprryrscs B 1lI0TJIaH~ ,Il;HlO, 'KaK TonbKo UPOM3Q:t!.I\e1' IIepeBQPOT, 11; ¢m-tamK ]J)i<OH HOKe Y'Ke HaIIMCaJI npenosens 0 cxepra IDIM, sepnee CKa~ sars, Ka3HH' *aJ,J'l\(oro l~aTonMKa.

Be-rep 9 Mapl'a 1566 rona, 3aMOK rOJU:'IpWJ;, YTpOM sroro ,1J;HfI ,iJ;amVl; Pl1'-I'1.o IiIO;:ryqI·:m npeaoerepeareerae 01' ozraoro 113 CBOliX arearos, HO He o6panJJJ: na Hero B:I:!I1MaHI<lll. 011 3Maer, l.!TO, ecmr npOBe,1J;eT ,!!leHh rroane CBoeM xoporreasr, aaxero .lWPHoro C HI1J11 He CJI}":Il1'POI. HHKTO He peIIIHTC:!I nO,T.I.IH!Th aa Hero OP)I)i{MC HlT.}f P¥KY B npMC):!'I'CTBI1IiI Kopo.neBbI MapliN. Ho OB omaoaercs.

Besep rrpoxomer 6blcrpO, MapJ'D'I "C.[HTacr y ce6n B CmUJbH·hI~ nOKOH'X aa qC'TSep'TOM 3'l'R)Ke 6ammr.. feHpl'I: .z:r;apH/le:l-1 rrparnanraer PflqqO csirpars B Kap'i'liI. M'FaJIb:lIH.e~ HFftlerO He noneapeaaer, 3a CT011, KOTOPh]ll CTOl11' :rr:PHMO B xopcneaCKOH CmIJIbHe, caasrcs HCCKOJIbKO npH,D;BOpHb,lX, CBO,Il;HaH cecrpa KOpOJIeBbI H, HarIPOTHB nee, cesperaps PUq:qo, O~eT:ntw B paC1JlUThtH KaM301l. H,l'l,c"!' nprurI'}.thIH pasrosep, M.aJIeHbKt-n't canoa nanonaacrcn MY3bIKm1. CKPbI'l'aJI noprsepon aaeps B

CBRtlJ,EHHtilfi. AJlhlffiC 3 3

rny6MHcKoMH2TbI OTKpbIBaeTCH, ~To6hr luryCTHTb ,L(apHlrex, KOTOPbUlt C9.j!:vrrc.l\l pJI~OM co CBoep! cynpyroa, )l;sepb HaMe~ penno OCT:le-rC>J£ HC3gnepToH.

q epea HeCKOfll:>·KO ceKYHA nopTbcpy peSKO 0T)J;eprPlBaIOT.

H B 3alI C IiliIDKVI2MH n rnnaraMM apl:>IBaroTcH3arOBopJ.I:J;ftKlill. ITepBI1IM tl3 Bome,o;lU.rur, xoro yaHan2 I(QPOnCaa, ebIJ! JIOp,o;. na'I'pMK PaTBeH C 06HIDKeHHOM mnaroa B PYI<C.

Koponena I3CTaCT, onpoxanya cryn, aa KOTOPOM CH.,n;ena, Ii BbICKaSMBacr Pa'J'Be;Hy csoe B03~eHMe era n011B;J1CHMCM nepea Herr co nmaroa aarono, lliOTJI2H,o;CKHH tI.BOPJ1lHMH OTnClJaCT, T.JTO eM HCqerO 60HTbCH; ero BTOP)KCl-ll1C KaCaeTC5I 'l'OJIbKO HTIDIbSIHCI<:OrO mTIHOH:1. PHT.JT.JO nO,D;HHMaeTOl, HO Y Hero ,o;<l)I(C HeT Op)OKIUI. 3a~1fTHTb era Mo~er TOJIhKO KOpOnesa, ,ll,apHnefi OTCTYIIaeT H:13a:n;, KaK 6bI A.lUI 1'Gro, Q'I'06bl 0l(a3aTbCH nOJ;J,a.r:U,111e or CX.BaTKM, xoropaa ,q'OIDKHa ce1i:Qac IlPOHSOMTM. MapHH CTEOapT nperpascraer nyrb Pa'rBeHY, KOTOPbIId mner B3r;m,u;OM. PWqQO, M npaxaasrsaer eMY C:rlQJKH'Th np}?KMe. m.ElT.:rraH,o;eu; B OTEe'!' npcaasocar TC>JiIbKO: «CnpOCH'I'C caoero cynpyra-,

Torna xoponeaa oepamaer B3rllH,E\ K M)OKf, KOTOPbU1 cnparaacs sa IIOpThepy H TQJJblW N MQJKeI', samcaacs, 6opMOTaTb: (.)1 Hl1QerO 06 aTOM He 3HaIO'>.

Teneps K PaTSeHY rrprrcoeztaasrcrca H apyrae 3arOBOpH~MI<J1, TOJKe co nrrrarassa B PYKa:x. OHN rrO,lJ;.HHMaIOTdI no Y3- \\011 BMHTO'BOfl: JIeCl'HHU;e 13 nOKOH xopoaeesi. PHQ"aO nsrraer';$I 6CJKOlTb, HO ero XBaTIlIOT 3<1 PYKY.

M_j:.rrCJIDIHlill KpMt.JaT xopoaese, llTO PHqqO - rrancKvu1 1I1IIliClH 1<1 n03TOMY inO.JDKeH yxepers. MapKH CTlOapT OTBCq<[cr, '-ITO eCJU[ ,D;aSH,o; Pw;tQO M02KeT 6bITb B QCM-TO 06B}'llieH, ,'OSTO ,u.oIDKeH cztenars napnasrerrr. PaTseH ,o;ep)KWT HTanbIHUJ;a 33: PYl'H, ,upyrOM 3arOBOpIIUU<. 06M9.TblBaeT ero sepesI<OM, Ero Ta10.aT, OM XBa'I'aeTCH sa rtnarae KOpOJIeBbi, xoropoe PBC'TOI II era Cy~0p02KHO C)KaTbLX OT)'1K'aca rraasnax

MapIDI npO,El;OJDKaCT 6 OPOT:oOI; O;rlHH 1t3 saroaopnnacoe uaaonar na Bee nMCTOlIeT. PaTaCl-I y.rtapJiCT ero no PYKC, rrymI

- 6436 ¢IpmTl'llfII

34 3PWK c:J>PATTI1HI1

npcneraer HaA fOJlOBOIii KOPOJICSbI R nonazraer B CTeRY. ,llapHlIet1: nO,1JAep)KH.aae1' JUIU1HBill)l10Ca: 1:.IyaC'TB soporreay. Pnq:qo BOIlOI<yT no Y:3Ko}t neCTIiRUC, era ronona 6beTC.H 0 cryneasxa,

OKisaBUlHCb me noaoes xoponeasr, 3arOBOpllJ,HKM aa'5paCbIBa10TCH na aretrra CB»IIJ;eHHOrO MbHHca. llepBbII1:

YAap KHH2KaJ.IOM rropazcaer ero B neBbljj 6GK; sropoa KHl-DKaJI HaCKB03b nporrsaer rrpaByID PYl<Y, KOTOPOM OR IlbITVlClI npnKPb[Tb JTlUJ;0l 11 nXOl1.MTB roprro, OQ1:l.MB<lHCb KPOBblO, O:H C TpY,llOJ\1 I10,lP'IHMaeTc.H1 HO ente O,LI.HH IlliHlKa.11 nepepesaer eMY HpCMHyIO BeHY. KPHK, rOTOBbIM BbIpBa't'bCH 113 ero rJIOTKIII, saXJJe6bn~aeTCl1B KpOBn. TOqHblM Y,llapOM Parsex npOH32eT ero cepzme. PH4:QO Mep'tB.

MapH» Crroapr, }~,n;ep)J(MB3eM;;Ul M)!%eM,. 6eCnpeCT<lHHO Bii!Kpill~V!Baer npcxnsrsn 3a.ro:e0PllJ,HKaM F:l cRoeMy npeaareJUO-cynpyry. ,aapHJletf y:rrpeKaeT ee reM, KTO OTOPBM ee OT ero rtozea, a DEITO BpCM>l B IWMHaTY BXOp;HT PaTBe:H, Aep1Ka B pyr<e wmuy, C KOTOPOH eme crexaer KPOBb MTaJlbSfUla. f.i1Y- 60lWM rPY,lJ,HblM rOllOCOM MapHH Orioapr; o6paru;aHcbK mOTJIaH~cKeMy ~DOpHHMHy 11 CDoeMY My::Ky-rrpe.n;aTeJIlO, nosropaer CHOBa H CHOBa, ~TO OHU nO,!J,nHcaml cnOli ICMepTmm npHfOBOp. Ee Mm;eHHe 6yp;e:r }i%<lCHO.

fJ.lKeFiM€ Boeyen, UaqanbHHK llR\IHOH CTPaJK11 soponeasr, 3aCJIblIll2B KPUKU 11 1183r Op}"K.Hf.l, flI>JTaeTCR 1;lOMT'.H B KOMHa~ 1]"., HO 0I<a3blB<lIeTC}l, "qI]'O p;BCPb sanepra. Hesraoro IIOI<PY'fU'IB) £OCy3JI l:I XaH'T'llH', ero nOMDm;Hfi:K, co z;rzn:araNfH B pyr<:ax ase- 3arOT xepea o'KBO. rCHpIiI ,1J,apHJI.eit ycnosannaer Ii!X,. 06'bHCHHH, 1::[1'0 1'}"r 6bIJI pa300IIaLfea mUv.IOH rrarrs: TIHJI V, KOTOPI:>.rM ITbITtlllCH nOMO'll:> I1CnaHOKHM BOMCKaM Bhlca~MTbC)l B Illor:I1af{~HH. Y6UfICTBO Paqqo O)'l;HH.M y~a:p01Yl OTCl:paHH'IJ!O OT mOTn:aH;Jl.CK.oI1 KOPOHbT Mapuro CTlOapT 11. pa30pBaJIO IIp1!MyIO CBR3I> Me~ KOpOJIeBOH Ii n<lnoP.i.

19M1OWl 1566 rona na cser nO>1Bn>1eTC's[ JIKOB, H<lCnCAHRK rnOTJIaH,[ICKOH l<OPOHbI. MapI1H pOJJ;vfJIa B JdTOHe CJIe:a;oBaTeJIbMO, peeenox 6bm: 3aqaT B ceH1'>16pe 1565 rona B TOM Me~

( mte illoTnaH,ll;l'H! rrepeacaaana MRTe)K, 11 MapH"H GTKlapT)9Ke II. CI<OJIhKO He,tl,el!h :He ,ll,OnYCKaJIa ,lI,Q csecro JlO)l(a reHpM Jl.apHJleH, C !{O'l'01;lMM Bcryr-r:ana 13 6par<: B MIOlle T0]"10 JKe rona, naB11)l; Pl'l:-q""IO I1CHIUIIJIC$I. npI'! lllOTJUl.HACKOM naope B cepezrane cerrrsfipa, To ecrs BHOJIHe sepofITHo.<.J:TO JIKOB VI na C21- MOM ,lJ;ene 6bIJI CbIHOM WIlIiO!!a C:BHI~eHaOrQ .A.rIbHHca. MapUJI OnOQPT secssra Dllampa3YMHO npoutaer .lJ.flPHJIeJI, -reM I ;lMhIM B03Bparn;aJI: ee6e KOPOHY H CBOOOAY, H ,:E\03EO:lUreT ivhoppelO BepaYThCfIB 3;n;llli6ypr. Ho CBHIlWHHbli\t Mb5HitC He I (j6apaeTCH ,1J,onYCKaTbj I!To6!lI y6mlcTBO oznroro M3 ero q]JeI lOB OC1'a110Ch HeOTOMIlJ,eHHBJM.

Flarra B crperost qmpMe ,l1;lJ:! CBOMM arerrrax npHKa3aIDle l.maTh! KTG . Ohm 3arOBOpIl1,HKOM,. PYKOBO;ElMBIlIl'lM y6:l-UlcTBOM I'HQQO, VI" Ea NepBOM MeCTC B Cnl'1CKC ncrroapeaaexsix oxa!,InCH reHpM ,UapHJJel'1..

HCTh pasnsre rrpe,n;I10JIO)KeHHH OTHOCMTeJIbHO '1'01'0, .KTO 11.1 caMOM Acne paCTTOpH,tl,WI;CH npasecrn .MeCTh y6HMU3M .lla- 1111/(<1 PI<NQO B l1CrrOJIHeI-Ul'e, EO xro 6M 11:11 6bI:71 STaT Y!CJIoneK, III! He nO~03peBaJI) t::ITO 3T9. MeCI'll O.KaJKe'fOJ erne Ot\HMM rnaI [1M aa ITj'TH J( yrpare MapHeJi Crroapr I<OPOJIeBCJ(Ol1 BJIacrH II IlIOTJl<lH,D;J1M,

EJlMs.~lJ3e1'a I AHfnm1CKaJI ;:tOJI)f(Ha 6.bl1la :npe,lJ,cra:allTb 13 'r IPJla.J\{eHT 3a}(OH 0 rrpecrcnoaacnenaa B 3TOM 33KOHe AO.TDI\:III I 6bIJIO 6bITb Ha3B<lHO HMif qeJI013eKa~ KO'l"OPbll:1 acryner na upecron EnH.33BeTbI rrecne ee cMcpnl. MapHH" CTlOapT C"lMI Wfl, t.ITO aTO npaso flpH:aalVlC)KI'l'I' cH, HO CHa He P;OIDKH3 11 ,Ilia cosepmsrrs I-lH OAROB oum6ID-1., KQTOpaJ.l FIOCTaBn~(l 6hl I II oc pemenae nOtJ; COMliCHHe. 06a aapoaa Bee 60nce Cl<JIO- 111]rHCh I:( TOM}'. l:lTo6hI Ctu'l:'raTb JIKOB3 rrpRHI.:(Cl»I 11 illOTJla"Hunr, M AHrnl1I1,H ::7TO He HpaBWIOC.b liJutSRBeTe; HO Maplli"l VM~U1a 0 TOM, KaK pa:30pB3Tb n;enb OKp]?KaBIllliIX ee 13parOB H II"t IM.CTPL'fh sa T1w6enE. csoero aepnorc CJIynt PHqqQ.

I'CHPH ,E{aprmeM, cyapyr-npe,n;a"J!'enh, saaer, qTg He MO)KCT II' IJ~lJeprHyrb orraCHOC'PH peoenxa, ROToporo AQeNT noz; { I )J!I~eM 6epeMeI-IHaH MaplliI CTIOapll: 13 ROHu.e KOI-lll;OB, 9TOT

pe6eHOK - 6y~rfI1: KOP0l1hllio'IW,aH,ll,FU1, a flC}IIT CY,l.t'boa 6yaer K H(;:MY 6JIarOCKltOHHa, TO M 6y;a;YIUI-Ul xopom, AHt'JIVlH. IT03TOMY OR npepsrsaer 3:1TOQell¥1e KdponeBbI 11 zaer paspemenae E:1 TO, 'I.1T06bI npH Hell HaXO.A~JUfCb Bpa'-l a ;ElBa noM0~HHi\a, Mapall MCnOJiIh3YeT O~Hy fl3 CM~eJIQK AIm TOfQ, qTo6bl CB1t:3aTbCn C ,n;.ByMJli BepHbIMH eM. mo,l:J,bMM - BOCYSJJ.OM M. XaHTlUi. Kpyr aaroaopnrasoa peneer, craHoBHTClI see CJIa- 6ee, xorza MapHM YAaeTCfI CIOJ'OHHTb as CBOIO cropoay caMOro. .n;apH.i1ea.

Cnycnl COpOK aocesss qaCQB TIOCJIe y611Hcna see )I1Ke i611Ino 3a6blTO. Illrraona Csameaaoro Mb5lliCa rroxopoaana B K3KOM-TO YKPOMHOM MeCTe, a !i:opOJIeBa MapHR BDI~eHa 6bIlIa ,n,apOIlaTb 3ar0E3Gpm;Hl<:1M. npocrerrae. Hacrano BpeMJI HaqaTb rOTOBHTb nJI:1H OTMrn;eH1UI..

B IlepBYJO OTIepe,n;& y,zJiap 6y~eT nanpasnea npOTMB \IeTDIpex qenone:K: Parsena, KOTQPblW exaaTIUI PM:t:J.,40 sa pyrw:;. <I>O,1l;OHeaa.n.a, KQ'rOphIH nO,D.1-1IDl opyacee xa KOpOJIeBY; TpeTbIdM 6y;qeT ,ll)KOH HOKC, npopox-panasan, K0TOPhIM Ha3sVI KGpOJIe:ay ll!oTJlaH;l"J;Ii:H He3'J:KOHHOPO>K.aeHHotl:; 4eTBepTblM 6Y;l:l;'01' M'IGppe'Il. Bee 'qe:rBepo 3H'UOT, 41'0 npomeaaa EM He @yp;e1', H 13 TO )Ke BpeMH OT,B;a:lor eeee OTf.IeT 13 TOM.,QTQ npa,,11,BOpHbte lIaJUi.iu;eM. He nomeaeasayr, q::rOQbI MM na.MO'Ib, H60 3HaroT, 'ITO pe6eHOR, KOTOpOro BOeHl' Ma:p}nr Crroapr, - 6y,n;yr:L\l<u1: nOBenHTeJTh 06be,D,l-IHeHHOro KOPOJIeBCTBa AmmrH 11 lllOTJIalJp;Hlrt

Ilarta ERN V He co6MpaCTCR I.wnYCTffT.b, liT06bt y6MtiCTBO onaoro 113 ero arCHTOB qer.nrpbM:i'I nporecraaraaa OC1."VIOCb HeOTOM.IW::HRbIM. BbI:BURi~ f:flaSa LiHICBPi'3l .. m;.IDI npM1<a3bIBaer Bb13B:lTb K ee6e CBHru;eHHHKa JIam6epTQ M.aKKl1.

3T01' MOJIO,D;OM Sep()HeI:J" P0,ZlMBUlIfr'lOI B 3HaTHo:Mi ceMbe, Ha.n;en P>lCY B '-leThlpHap,u,aTMJIeTHeM B03paCTe B llKQJIe I1e3yHTDB - peJIMrH03Horo opneaa, KO'fOPbIH OeHOBaJI aa ABa.ttu;aTb meers ner ltO 3TOro 11:I'Hanu1 J[oHona. Ha caMOM ,n;ene QP.D;CH HC3~TOB 6b111 e03AaH B 1540 rOlW KaK CMJIa «6hlCTpOPQ pear:l1pOBa:.E:lil1B;», KJK BoiicKO, fQTOB"Oe QT;D.aTb )Kl1.3Hh aa Be-

py 11: rrarry pHMCKOrO, iU;e1IaJI seers ':teTblpeM .narnHCIGIM ClIOBaM, cocraBJUuom,MM M03-yHf op.n;eHa: Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (1\ BHrn;eH cnane rOCllO,ll;Hf::tf).

HrHann1: JIoJ.lona OCHOBaJI oPAeH He3YHToB, HMeH B B11;UY '''PH ~eTla"Ie3aAaqn. Jlepaas - 6blTb nceraa r01"0BbIM orseTI'ITb aa rrpxasra narrsr, B JUo6a:a MOl)l1€HT, .B J1I060M Mecre, l1e3}7¥rThI CTClffIH C sroro MOMeHTa TaK Ha3bI'13aeMblMti «{llD,1!hMI1 rrarrsre. B1'opa,SJ.- 6bITb COJJ,!J;aTaMW nansr .. PIe3yHl'OB Be- 1lI11lH HQ. rraornaaax J1oH,ll;oaa, nO)KHparuJ! 3ajc1\HBO apoKe3bi B I IOBOil <DpaHJ:UfH CKaHaJJ;a), TpaBnJu1 B repM:!lHI1u., 3a6HsaJIM itO cMepnf na CB.llTOE 3eMJIe, paCIIMHaIIH mt xpeerax B CHaMe, MOPI1JlM fOll0tl;0M B lOJKHOH AMepHKe, OOe3fn<lBJIl1Ba:TIH B HnoHMII, ~H na Ma,lJ,ar-acKape, llm Bc:aaphlBaJlH iImBOTbI II 3cp:worrl'lH - HOMMeHHO zryx pncsosaaasrx rrpHKJIIG'lJeFmti 110 MMll EOJKhe 3a.CTaBHJl MOJIO,D;oro apacroxpara JIaM6epTo MaI<KH npacoenaaarscs x lie'3)'HTC.KOMY BOMBCTsy.

MrHaTH.IO JIoHOJIe ChIJlO oveas B1}1(HO ,ll;06M.TbCJJ roro, 11'1'06bJ cf>eAH l.lJIeHon Clp,nea<l MMeJIMCb NroAR caMhIX paansrx rMeHIIlH M AapOBaHl'Il1, lilcer~a roroasie GJ1l)I?KMTb IJOHTa!pMK}'. l lane M ocaosaremo opztena H)I)f(HbI 6bma 11 HTeJt11eKTYJ.Il:bl. 11M Tpe60BaJlHCb XYMMKM, 6MOJlOrH, 30·0110r.M, .JIHHfBMCTbl, II yreurecrseaamor, rrpccpeccops, ,1J;HTInOMaTbI, MCIIOBelJ,HHKM, II n I)IOCO~bI, TeOLIOrU, MaTeMaTHKM .• XYAmKHMKH, IlMCaTeJIH, IPXMTCKTOPbl, HonM. Ta~e 6b1J.1U H)l)KHb'lJt KOMaH,!J;MpibI, H IIIIlI'lQHbI, 11 crrenaazsnsre areHTbl, H K)lpbepbI - H 1JIT naMI II 'pTa MaKKl1 6brJI HacrOJJ~MM &I<CnepTOM. rr0~MB socna- 1.1 nae, rrpHJIMI:.JecrByIDm;ee CbIHY 60raToro roprosna, OR OC- 1111, UT MCI<YCCTBO BJI:iI.u;eHMJJ mnaroa, 3nHlJM:inCb cp.M1I0COqUf- 11, [-layt1H!1CH 06pam:iTbCH co B3pbIBQatDrMM BemeCTBa.MH,

III I "I'HfaH TeOJIOfH!O, H OBJl3,!J;eJiI PICI<yCCTBOM y6lmaTb, M3yqaa If IllDCTpaHHbIe J\[3bLKH.

l lana rrpaxasan Me3YHTY JIaM6epTO MaKKH OTnpaBHTmCHK It! 1!'Jl.Ui.,II,CKOMY ,lJ,BOPY, QTo6bI paccne,lJ,OBa'rb y6aliicTBo 11 I IIlTI!!: y6HMU; ,lJ,aBH,!J;a PHQQO. ConpoBo~anH ere erne TpM II I}'HTa. MaKI<M OTJlH'4:HO SHaJI] 1:J:.TO ;g:bh2KeH 6y;n;eT C,ilCmlTb

38 3PMK cJ>P.ATIMHl1

rzOCJ1e roro, K.:1K Y:U"laeT HMeR;} y61'U1~ areara Cell.am.eHHOl'O Ansaxca .. JIHnIHTh )IGI3HH l.ie11blpeX npOTeCTa~ITO'B 6blJIO ;IlJl,sI Hero BorrpOCOM cxopee pe..nMTI103HbIM, qeM MI4PCI<l1M.. M 13 KOHl(e KORtV.)B, npHK1I.3 6bIR OT.n;aH CaMl1M PlIMC!<HM rranoa. MaKl\:H Bes c C060H Injonni Rosso, KOTOphI~ ,n;asVI eMY nonHyK> cBo6o)J;Y ;:re:i1cTEM:11 BO MMR EepbJ. Ha3BaHHe 3TOro .rtOKYMeHTa coxpaxanoce C 'rex BpeMeH, KO[',l1.3 HbIHeunnni: narra 6brJI rmtBOM pM"MCKOn I1RKBHS.m..t;I1I1.

B 1ll0'rnaH,D,ID1 MaKI<H npe,lJ,CTOH:T.IO I1MelJlb lleno He C 1CeM MHbtM, l{~ll<;' C caMliIM rpacpOM. E0cy91l0M, H3.,'!aJ!bHl!Il{!OM crpa)'KH xopoaessr MapEN, 3aCel);aBillllfM Terrepb B Cosere H CTRBl.I.IHM csoero pona pcresrrox B xoponescrse, "tiTO crpanrao He HpanHll0Cb 6pHTaHu;aM Doo6:me PI KOpOJ.leBe EJ.lH3aBeTe 1 a qJCI'HOCTM. 11 B caMoH mOT~IaH.o;I1M nexoroptce p;BopHHe c HeYA.DBO.llbCTBld:eM 3:iliyrCQaJlI1; "ITO Boeyen He TOJiIbKO o6na.n;aer ropaaao 60nbmI1M nanopore qeM rrransaaen ~aaPl,lJ, PJ.-P:I.',10, HO M B OTJ1MQwe cr Hero OT!lw:IHO 3:Aae'FCBOMX sparoa, cpezne XOTOPbIX cynpyr l{OpOJleahI TeHpM llapHJIeM. MlOppeiii:

Cp;e:maJl:CH reneps C0103HPiKOM EOcy9JlR, LITO .HBHO CTamGmllJiIO ero C ,napHlIeeM. TOT y;Kc HaqaJl cn;tlTb xoporrene EnM311Bel'C I 06nI1QMTeJlbHb[C IIHCbMa, B KOTOPblX 3aHBJIHJr, ~TO ero cynpyra Mapxx Crtoapr - Hel-Iap,e:>ICH,a B TOM, "!;iTO xacaerca nepsr, Ji.! npenaer lIIOTJl:!lH;,B;IUO cDnJIT1nrry II K:U<, rtcnn-moMy aantarHHKY KJTOJlm:(14"3Ma.

B KOHue CeHT>l6pH ,llapHJIet.i:, rrocne 'TOI'OKaK eMY 6bIJIO OTKa3a:Hel B KOPOlICBC!{OH KOpOHC., scepses pemaer nm<Hayrk> IlloTnaHp;HJ:O. Map-WI Cl'IOapT CHCa3blJ3aeTCn B BeCbMa 3aTpYA:HHTellbHO~ clnyar..V·il1 .. Teapn ~apHlleH rrpcero He MOlKe'U nOKMH)'I"hllioTJlaH,B,~ro - H IlOTQMY, '-ITO a:<lc.rrep;HMiK npecro. na ,qOIDI(e.H 6'blTh xpemen B 3a.MRe Crepnaar, J! IlO'J'OMJl, ':ITO nOCTOllHI-IO B03H.HK.:1IOT nepecgnsr o TOM, !<TO cR:BJ1SIeTCJI naCTOHI.11;HM OTI!;O:M n:pHHu:a JIkoBa. A cyrrpyr KOPOJIeBb[ [1,0 CI'fX rtop lie npl1HHfI peurerner, non '{'herr 3anV'IToti 6meT HCKaTb y6eIKflIlll,a - EnH3aB~1 I HJIM EKarrepHHbl Mep;.Prq}! BO '¢lpaHD,HM. B Ka"IeCTBe KOHTp)'7J:apa Mapaa 110ChLllaeT EKa'1'epMHe

CBJIUJ,EHHhlfl: AJlbHHC 39

/IHIl:ITOMaT:WlliOe IlHCbMO, B KOTOPOl'>\t oem'HureT csoero M)?Kll II B03MO)I<HOM trpenaremcrae. TIOl<a npOHCX'Q,LV'IT Bee 31'11 CQIlblTYU:!, areur CB~UJ.eHH.Oro MbHHca JIaM6epTCl MaKKH :H TpH

TO roaapama CKphlBalOTC5I B He:reoeM ;n;OMC B :9;n;I1H6ypre non l:1m;l1'rUM: .J:Ho,geit Bccyszra H JK,I.l,yr, Kor;a,a aacrymrr npeMJ! I\CMCTBOllaTD. B Ca,MOM KQIHJ;e 1566 rona MapH8 CTIOapT, no rosery MIOPPCl{ 11 BOC:Y3Jllil, nozmacana npOmeHI1C aarosopII~HKaM, y6:HBIIIHM Pl:PfYO, ao Maru04 He C06Hp<lCI'CSI sroro JICJI<l.Tb. Me3YUT nOJIyu.IUJI He,n,BYCMb[C;lJeHHbI:W: UpHI{a3 OT rralib! H HaMepeH BE:.mOJIHHTb epa, He paoCY2Kil,aH H He npeaasaH b COMHCHiUI.M. ,lJ;JUI JIaM6epTo MaKKH rrpaxas nepBQCBnII ~eHHruKa ecrs pelll1fMQ3RWiI P;lVfMa.

Nboppel\ KaK O,n;HH Jf3 nozterpesarenea, rrpMp;eparnBaeTl'H TOM. lICe Tat.IKM 3pCHMn, »,lJ;apweIii 3HaeT, ~TO, HeCMOTpSI I fa a6Dl!BlI'CHMe ,1J;BOpy 0. ,n,apOBaFIMl1 e~ xoponcscxoro npolI~CI-IIDi" OH C'I'aHeT nepsori JKepTBOl1: MCTHTerrei1. TIOSl'OMY OH peuraer 60KaTb H YKpbIThaJ B 3aMKe caoero orna 13 [na3I'O.

ITaCJIaHLtbI II<J.IlbI caMH npHBe,II;}!T IIpHTOBOP 13 HcrrOllHe- 11m: - EOCY3JI p;aJDKeH TOJIbKO YKaS<J.Tb HM, f;:l,e 1'1CK31'h saroJlOj)ml1KOB. Ho OH 3Hae<r, t.ITQ OR, l'[ TOIlhKO on, 6y;qeT necra ,J'I'HeTCTBeHHOCTb aa STCI rrpeC1)'IlJI!eH.MC nepen Borose, rrepea I !lOeM KoponCBOH 11. nepen HapO)J.OM IUOTlTaFlgMI'I, - B' OH 111'1'OB PHCICHyl'b, ro1'OB 1'l311Tb .::111' OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb Ha ce611.

22 ansaps 1567 rona feHpM ,UapHJIeti Tf:I)Ke:no 3a6oJIen , I upmuIcoM. OH IlO-npeJKHeMY YKpbI13aeTOl 13 I'naarc rrozt saIq11Tor;,j: caoero OTUa, rparpa JIeHoKca. MapIDI CTIOapT CAe'!' K IH >eMY enre He orrpaananresryca o'r 60:Jje3HH M}?KY, QTo6M IOBOPHTb era aepayrsc» B :9.l1JIH6:ypr B conpOBO)J{JI,eHI1H H II! 1/~ axpaf{QR JlIi't.IHOTO 9CKopTa. Ho ace paRHO ,rr.apI-lJIeM '3Ha-

I, 1..1"1"0 aa Hera B mo6'y1O Ml'IH}I1'Y Moryr nanacrs CTOPOHHUI 11 Ilocyana, nocnaansr nama pl1MCKOrO l'J1Ill ero npe)I{HMe

()UOII{Hl'rKM, KOTOPbIX oa 13 csoe BpeMR 6pOCMlI aa npOM3- 11 IJI cY)J.b6bI fl xcropue Tcnepb nOJIy<-lJ1JIH MOHaprnee npQ"" Ill1e H TIOTOMY Haxo,z:vrrrCH B Illornanrraa. O,n;:HaKO .lJ;apHI I( lleBe)J;OMO, t.ITO ero Ba3Bpam;eHUC B 3;:U~H6ypr - 3110 ~O-

40 3PI1K (DPAIT1iIHI1

pora K f11.6eJ1H., 110TQMY qTO OH )'iKe He BbI:H;ll;CT )KHJilbIM M3 .lliO'fnaH'..nCKoH CTOJlIiIQhI.

Q'T06hl O)J;HHM ¥JilapOM nOKO}{qaT'D co BCe'M.H yg:aCTH11Ka- 111M aarosopa nporas ~aBI1.p;a PK-q:q.o, MCTM'l'eJI:H, nocnaaasre CBJ.!~eHRblM MMU,:[COM, ;n;OIDKF'Ihl OHIJHl y:HI'P-lTO:>KH:Tb cynpyra MapHM Cnoapr. MecroM naneceaas Y.i'l.apa ObI:ll .1136paH c06- CTIlem-IbIM ,1J;OM ,n:apHJICJ.! .

.BTO 6l>lJla rroCTpOMI<J, TPIn:w:qHa£l ,1:VN eIDI3aBeTHHCI(OH ::mOXH, CTOJIBrnrur aa onuw6e, :B paaoire KHpK Q'¢lHlIp; . .D;o6:wparses 'IYA::t npaxozranocs 110 )l3KOi1: TeMl-IOl'l ziepore, M3BeCTHf>i1.KtaK<·TPOIJr<'l pa36oMHMKOB~. BHyrPM ,.!J;OM 6:blJI YKpamCH H311rn;HQH: raaepeea, OpHaMeHrnpOBaHHhIMH KaM:I1HaMl1, npeKpaCHI::lIMM ro6eneHaM11, ,:meral-ITIihIMM cepe6pHHblMH ~MTaMH C KopOneBCKMM rep60M IlIOTnaHtJ,HM, nepCa,II;CKHMM NOBpa.MM 11. yp;06HOH I(pO.BaThIO, KOTOpYIO MapIiJ.! ge fM3 rrpMBC3- na B csoe BpeMJI I<!:3<tlpaHIJ;MTI.

JIaMoepTO Ma:tcrrn: 11 era JUO,ZI,M He MornH no,n;OMTH cmnnKOM. 6m'f31KO K .z:r;apHJIero, II03TOMY )'Aap peureao 6hlJIO naaec- 1'11. C IIGMOllthlO B3phIE'!aTKH. A':Ill nepsoro arera B'03Me3,1J;ID.l 6brna B:016paHl HO'"tJb C aocxpeceass, 9 cpeBpaml, sa none./!.I,e;JlhHTIK, 10 cpeBpal1f.l 1567 rona,

B TO'l' sexep KOpOneB3. MapRJ.! Crroapr ,D,aBln'l BeJl11.K0- nem'lbJId 6an 11 oaHKe']' B qeCTb ;lI,By:x CBQHX oaxsrx npenanHbIX cnyr, xoropsre COqeTa}IMCh 6paKoM. I{c:m:eqHo, JlOP.a: ;D,apHJIen IiI ero CBMTa 6bIJIB: rrparnameasr, Ii NlCTHTeJIM 1l0nyqHJIli ,AOCTJT01:{HQ apessena, "Y:TOObl nop;rOTOBi'lTb YAap, TlK KaK pe3.H,ll;eHqlUI B KHPK O'<I">HJI,D; ocranacs 6e3 I1p:ncMo'Ppa.

COBeTl-lHK Nhoppei1:. TaHRCTBeHHQ ~ICqe3 H3 3,LtHH6ypra, Bocyana TO)'Ke HHrp;e He 6bUIO BM,r:(I-l:Q. 31'0 3<lMeTI1lIH He 1'onbKO npamermnre rra npa3,[1;l-U-IK ABopJ.!.He, HO 11 caM ,II.apnn.c:tli, Bee enre fie oxpernnna nocne oo.ne3HH. B OAMHHa;rJ;IJ;a'fh tJ3- COB sesepa YCTa_JIbIH ,II.apHJIeK n0KJU-I.yll nap, HO K:OPQ1[eBJ H¢ paapennora eMY rrpoaecra HOt.I:b II KoponeBCKOM 3aMKe I'orrapy;a, :M .,.lJ,apHJTeii 6MJ!I BbI~eH BepH}'TbCR fJ C130H XQlIO,l(HhI:M ;1:{OM :s I<MpK Q'cDliJI,1J;.

CBHlll,E1'IHbn1 AJIb5lHC 41

I1CnO]]HYTelIL:I BQJm Casmenaoro MbllklCa3an0)KW1M e 110M(')n~bIO Bocyaaa lIOP; KOlIOHH.bI, xoropsre nO;n;.z:l,ep)KHB::IJUi 3,[I,aHI1e. X:OpOUlIiH 3ap5l,ll; nopoxa.

OI<GJlO ,n;:Byx QaC013 yrpa 3eMmlllloTJlaH;B;I!IM conpornynaCb. B3PbIBHafi sozma OJ.IJ.yr.t(aJIaCh ,n;ame sa TOIlCThIMH CTeN:iI.MH 3aMI(a K-opOJIeBbI MapH!il. tI.Bep.b CIlaJIbHH MapMI1 CTlQapT s,z:r,pyr pac naXHYlI acs, PI BOmeJI. cJIYr~J KOTOPbn1, .zr.pO)l(a OT crpaxa, t(onOlKM)J xoponese, TITO pe31111eH~M51 xoporrs B KHPK O'¢W:1'IA B3JI.eTena na B03;ijYX.

OKp)m<el-lHalll Boopy:>KeHHQ.M CTpIDKeH, MapMJI: :BO rnaae co6paBIIHIXClI JIIQ,r.r;ew Mt-IMTC51 TaK 6bICTPO, KaK "[I011bK0 B03- MO)KHO, K TOMY Mecry, rzre eme HeCKOJIbl{O '-LaCOB Ha3a;n; B03- BhlruanC}'f 60JlhlIIOH rOCIlo,ro;CKI1W AOM, ORP)I')I<CHHbIM 3e;rreHbIMH JIy:m.aHKaMH, H rzte Tenepb BH,IJ;HbI TQ!7IbRO orpOMHa.f.t BOpOHKa M OOO'>lOKeHI-taJi nosaeprrearnaa 3CMJIH noapyrnee, Tena czryr reHpH ,Ii.apHJIe51 pasepocano na COTHH Me'TpOB BOKPyr MeCTa B3phl.Ba. Teno KOpOml! B'Mecrc C H3ypop;oaaHHbIM TPYnOM O,lJ;;HOrO M3 ere CJIYI' PI OCTaTKaMH xponara, KycKH KOTOpow BIIHlIHCh B rrnors )KepTBhI, H:UltJIH B pesynrxe, nporexaaIllew. B HeCKOJIbKM% MeTpax OT Taro .MeCTa, rzre CTOSJI,lJ;OM. Teno I<OPOM-KoHcopTa 1ll0'rmm;tJ;l1M OhrJIO HaCTOJIbKQ M3YpO,r(oBaHo B3PJ:.!BOM, q'ro R'a ero mee HCJIh3H 6bJJtO paarnaJ!(''Tb cne,Q TOFU<Cl'M' ElepenRM,KOTOPOH elM 6bUl' aa,Z:lymeHL,

YSet1 na sepenxe, npa nOMOUJ,H KOTOPOro y6HllH ;l1;apHJI:eJI II era cnyry, 6hm TDqHO T<lKHM zce, I<aK0H npMMeHMM 'tJJIeHbl t'l(T.bI acaccaaos- !3 ropax MhOOP3 K cesepy OT Terepaxa Iii: t'BepO-BOC1'OI<y OT KasBMHa. B 1237 rom' nyremecTBemuiK Mapxo TIOlIO naebIBJ.Jl B aaZlllKe MaiMyr, B KO'EOp0MlJ;etlrrBo" IJtH acaccaxsr. B OAROM ll3 era nyreBblx AHeBHH~OB OJIHcat I hi vIX cexpersi, cac;reMbI .H MeTO,QbI y6:rrMCTBJ.; BKJI10"i.J.S 60-

, CM01'PMTe aa BKlIeHKe Manp0coK,. C!~emlliRhlli1 aa Meete npeC"ryrmeHllil II I CJle;LIyrolllHH ;!I;eHb rrocne y61'I~efBtI fI KnpK O'<1iIHlIA 10 c:pe.spanH 1567 I 1/\'1 l-lek13JiieCTHhlM aln'Op0M no nop)"leanlo ctIep;CT'Btl'H.

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42 3PI1K tl>PATI'MHH

nee 'z;pn~Lia'TH J1.Byxe:.rroco50B Y.IlymcHMH. QaC1'1'JtIHO 3TOT TeKCT, H11:;P;HMO, nonan B pyKW l1'e3YMT'<t ManeOPH'lftlI1 BO apeMJI O~IiO:rO a3 ero rryreurecrsaa B TC KpaJ(! no C!Iep;aM BeHCIJ;a2Hu;al,

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15 MM 1567 ro;n;a Mapasr CTIO.ap'I', enre He CHJ:IBllia)! rpayp, scryrraer B 6paK C Eocy:~mOM, xoropore see et.lJ1.Ta10T SHEDBHbIM B y6.I1MCTBe feHpl1 ,IJ;apHne.IJ. 6 liUO'HJ:I qaCTb nopnoa BO(;;CTaJIa nporaa B03MOiKHOCTI1 xopoaosanas Bocysna Ka'g KOPO]]}) llloTJIQHil,rn·r. AeB$lTb .lIHeH crryCI'JI nocae 110P<DKCl'lt'U[ 13 6R'fBe y :KOJIMa Kap6eppH BOCY3:11 6e:lI<MT, a Ma_PH.II CnoapT nonanaer 13 nnen.

IToCJ.Ie .qe.iloldcep:w:n KOl-[(;pJUucrOD oruomenaa MeJK.n;y M3a6eJIlIo~ 1 :r.1 'CPM'lllumoM II ot-leHb j1XYAIllHJll-ieb, 11 HX y:llYQmemoo He crrOC06CTBOBaJIO rrozryaennoe 13 Ma,n.pl'JAe nocnaHMe IIaIIb[ TIM7J V, B KOTOPQM OH coofiman Moryn~.ecrBeHHoMy MQHapxy 06yqacuiM aIu:.nai1cKoM KOPOHbl B COOblTl-rJilX, xoropsre npOH30WJIH B IDQlI'JIa.H(J,Ynf H 3aaepl1JHJill1Ch OTCTpaHeHHeM OT BJIaCTM I<aTO)UI.l.IKH Mapmr C'rIOap'I'. EbIJIO ReBO, =rro 1368 rCA AOJDKeH crars liey,li;at.IHhlM tvI7J I;DHmmna Il, H AelikTB,llH Csamermoro AAhfIHca He Mornn y~Iln'lTh nono)KeMMe. Q~HaNO npOTeCTa.HTl<a. Em13aBe~a AHrmtfi:cKaH He Morna nO,ll.IDI.Th pyxy aa xarozrasxy MapFUQ" noxa B Bpioccerre eTOWlO ncrtancsoe BOMCKO, KOTOpbJM KOMtlH,rl.oBarr repnor Nlb6a. TaK CDM:lU4:rm II ,llleMOHCTpl'IpOBan csoe MoryW;eCTBO llpyrl'1M Hapop;aM,

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CBHl.t(EBHblYt AJIbHHC 43

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44 3P1MK ~PATIJ.1.Hl1

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46 21Pi1K ¢lPATIJ1HI1

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CBJIWEHHhl'fl A:JI"&HHC 47

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Ka.K HX)Kf'JIH H9. orne, enacsen POCCKHi13aJJBJUler,QTO KOpO.[,leila llloTJIaH,D;l'IH QTpaBIDIl cseero rrepsoro M}')Ka (tDparuU'ICKa II ¢lpaHIzyacKoro), ~aJJa paspenreaxe H9. y'6m1cTBo CEOero aroporo MpK1 (nop,1l,a reJdpH ,U.apHJlCB), 3aMroQwra 6paK C 3aroBopm.HKOM (IIOPACM EOCYS1l0M) H I"OTOB::t 6bIJIa CTaTb cynpyron npeztarena (repnora Hoptpomca).

KOf}J;a MapHM Crrcapr Pr3JIo}KI,UlH motu proprio (~GCJIOB'HOj npM3HaH11JI enHCKOl1a Poccsrrro, OHa crserana, Qro -erracsoa - Beel'€> .n'PIllib saoypaHHbu:1, H3MyqeHHbIM rnrrxaMI1 CB:R:m;CHHHK. JI )KC oO)I:l,n;aro ;B;.oCTOHHCTBOM xoponeasr H sepio, QTO MOli .n;PYS.b:R: BO I:'DpaHl1;liH M HcrraHHH npH,n;yr, tIr06bI QCBOOO,ll;I1Tb MeH:ll'). <i>HJIHITn II, KOTOPbU1; OTHIO,tI;b He 6b111 yaepea 11 TOM, qTO [JJIaH PH;,lJ,OJIbCPM ,l!l;eMCTBRTeJIbHO TaK XOpOlIl - a repnor Mb6a 60IJI 11 STOM YBepCH ropasno MCHbme, - PCUlHJ.I rrpeztocrasrrrs MapHIO, paSHO KaK M,ll;pytHX saFOBopm.nKOB, HX cy;qb6e. E}J;,laHCTBCHHhIM .o,CtiCTBHCM MH3asersr nporaa HcnaHHH OWJlO HSfHaHHe B p;cKa6pc 1571 rO,lJ;3 nOCll3HHMK3. 3TOH cTpaHbI B JIoH,ll,Oae, rcpa}" lJ,e Crreca. HopCP01IK., APOHAeJI, Cayrrexrrroa, Ko6xeM M JlaMJIcl1 npe6hIBaJIM B Tayspe B o~aFfMH cY'lJ,a. 16 HH-aapn 1572 rozra naJI3T3 JIOpP;OB npHfOBOpllJIa Hoptponsa Ie Ka::ilHH. Ho 3TOT nparoBOp lJ,QJliKHa 6bllIa r'lQ):lI1Pfcan KOpOJiiCn3 En1130lBeTa. Oren OCyJIQJ;eHHQfO, TpCniP'i repnor Hop¢OJIK, 6bI;rI 06e3rJIaBl,leH ee OTLl;.OM; xoporrex reHpHXOM VIII. Teneps OHa ,lJ;OJDKHa 6b1- na nO)J;nHCaTh CMepTHbIH: rrparonop cbury,qClTBepTOMY repnory HopCPoJIlcy.

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CB5JU(EHHbll<! AflhHHC 53

YTpOM 2 MlOI-UI HapcpOJIKa npenposozmna H2l. nenrpazrsHbIH :P;BOP Tayspa, Bme CTOJI OR rrO,lJ,TBep,lJ,HJI CBOlO BepROCTb nOBe7IHTCJI,bHHIJ..e, KOpOJIeBe EJIH3aBeTe 1,. l( WCKpeHHI010 rtpaBepJKeHHOCTh WCTHHHOM: peJIHnUi xopozreacraa - npcrecTaHT1:I3MY. 3a'TeM OM rrepezran CBoeMY IlaJI2Lly cepetipsrryio MOHeTY, KOTOP)'IO :BJW)KWI B era 3a'I'HH)"TYIO B nep1.ia::rKY P)T.KY. OH BCTaJ.! Ha KOJIeHH, sasezr P)7KlI aa CIlYgy - M oznrore mapa OKa3aJIOCb ,n;OCTaTO'qJ-IO, 'LlTo6h,[ ronoaa ere OT,n;eJIHJlaCb 0'1' Tena. Po6epTO PH,lI,OJI.bq,1:l, O,D,HaKO, €)1Me:ll 6e:>Ka'Tb M3 AHr})]1:M na xopatine, KOTOpbIH. JKt];aJI" eTOH. I-Ia HKope B cexperacx xecre, QT06bl nepenpanars ero 130 <J>paHIl,HIO, COUi 3arOBOp He}?J;aCTC1I1.

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BOHlXOMuaHbH PO)J,MJICfI B 3a:>KH'l'O'LlHOM: ceMbe,B repone 13oJ'i'oHbJI, rzte OH M3yqal7I rrpaao, Hexo'ropoe BpCMH OH nperroztasan BYHH13epCfi'1'e'Te, aa'l'eM 6:t.IlI llpn3BaH n PMM Kap;U;IiIHallOM Ilapncao, lIOA 1:fbUM nOl<polU'fTeJ.I:&CTBOM H:;tt.{aJt csoto Kapbepy 13 cBH~eHHot'!\ PHMCKOH KypI1R l-tH lOpM.n.UtIeCKOe o6pa30naRMe, Hl'I M:eCKOJ]hKO 3aMKHyrbIM. xapaxrep He socrrpensrcraoaarra era rrpMo6m;eHMIO K )lG13HH, KOTOPO ti )J{W1 PKM 3UOXId B03pmK,ll;eHMR.

BepOHTftO, HMeHHO narra ITHM IV (1559-1563) nocnsn IlOF-IKOMnaHbId B xasecrse zierara K Ma,n;PM,lJ,CKOMY ,l),"BOPY.! r,n;e Y Hero CnO:>KHJIHCb OqeHb xoponrae OTHomCHHH C IdcrraHt'KHM MoaapXOM. IToc .. ne CMepTIl LIaJ!: IV H BocxO:>KZ\eHl-'UJ na

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HOShIM rrarra pe¢Op~apQBaJI TpwHRTapHcB l1cnaHMH H nOpTYI'anM1>1:. IIO,1J.TBep.n;MJ'l npe;D;IIOlWCI-IHyro CBHTon Tepe30H 11.e ABI1JIa perpopsry opnena KapMeJIMTOK 11 O;n;06pfUI C03JJ;aHMe xonrperanaa Oparcpaz CBJITOTO cDMlll1nna Hepn. H, 13epOJITHCe scero, HMeHHO OH c IlOMOm;bIO HC3YMTOB BncpBblc C03,l:1an yp;apHylO cazry CBffIll,ef-UmfO Mb.sIIiCa - nancxoa pa3sejJ;l>maTeJlbHoll OlY'K6bI, ocaonaaaox npe,n;hlJl.ynJ;HM nOHTMqnofKoM .. 31lY ClillY 06p:.:t30BbIBana He6oJ].brnaJI rpynna H3- 6paHHbIx JJIO,n;eifl:, acpHblX a:a'I'OpMl'ery rrarrsr. ,D;OOOM 3'I'HX JIIO,n;eH, I1X ep;:HHCTBeHI,Jo:rr 3ap:aQel:i 6hlJTO CPM3MtlCCKOe )'HM'ttro)KCE-IHC KOPOJICBbI AHrJIHM - rnassr np01'ecT,aHTCK0l1 nepxsa.

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C]]HImEHH:bIa AJlMHC 55

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ITOKa lliJIM neperoaopsi no noaofIY atmIO-cppaH.IJ,YSCKoro norOBOpatE.rm3<i1BeTa ueycraarro Ha61IIO)!I;aJla sa reMJ 'lITO ,nenaercs B MC[JaHMH, OCQ6eHHO rrocae H3rmm:vrn 110CJIaRHJA.K::I t'epav ne Cneca sa ero Y'l<lcnre B «aaroaope PH,lil,OJTbCPld"', ):lena 11CI1aHCEOI'i: KOpOHM lil JIOHAGIftC OKa3a.JIMCli B pyxax eexperaI JU, He oi5n:;p{eHHoro AHRnOM'aTI1tieCIOilMI1 nOJIHOMO'lMJIMI1, - ucsoero AHTOHHO [J,e Fyapaca, B Koa~e 1572 rotla 3TO'F' l.J:CJIOBeI< 6hTlI sasepeosaa rraucKHMI1 areHTaMI1. OH AOJ1:>Ke:w: l 'bIn C006maTb 0 KVK)J;OM ABJDKeHHH EJIH3a13eTb! 1 ;0;0 rex I rep, I1.0Ka CBHI.IJ;eHHOMY MhlIHCY He YAahOCb 6hI BE~PHTb J\pyr:rn:: a.reHTOB B xpyr npH6mnKeHHbIX KOpOlIeBbI .. Go spe-

!CHI{. «saroaopa PHP;Ol[bCPl't>~ aHrJltr1'lcKHe cexpermse CllpKI 1,1 Cy.rvlc;rn CXBaTRTbfJ npeaars I(a3Hl'I ,1Jj1O.'lK.l'IHY naIICKYJ;X 1111 LHOHOB, HO JIaM6epTO MaKKH rrpO)J,O}UK3JI CBOlO )J.:eJlTeJIbIII K'Tb, aa 3TOT p23 BJ10H;D;OHC.

56 J)PME ItlPATFHHM

WMnlmn 11 snepmae nOqyBCTBOBaJI .z:l.PY'KeCTBeHHbIM lKecr Brni31 aersr, KarAn 6bIJIO IJPl1IDJTO pemenae H3I'HZlTh HS scex ZlHI1:Il.P111CKMX nopros ITn:paTOB, 113BeCTHbIX KaK <'MopCKlIle re- 301» - <lMOpCKMe HHIt~Me';>, xcropsie c 1566 rona nOrrOJIH~nH TZlM3a.naCbI rrpO,lJ,OBORbCTBIDl. 3m rrapa'rsr BeJIM: csoe H~ll':-IaJIO OT cpnaMaH):!,Cta1X -roproanes, soropree YXO;l:l,l1J1H B Mope B rlOHCKtiX cnacenaa 0T BoikKa repnora AAb6hl M tIT06hl zro- 61>1Tb xoponrae BoeHHhIe rperpea, 6epR na a6op,n:IDK HcrraHcxae Kopa6ml. KOMaH:,l:J;hI Kopa0neM<'MOpCKHX HH~I1.X'> cocrORJIH 113 rrpep;<1Hl'Ih£X M.l13aSere fUITJIH:flCKllX, IilOTJIaHp;cm-rx M HpnaI-~)1;CKlIX aopcapos 11 ,n;a»:ee cppaHIJy3CKHX ryreHGTOB. Bee oaa HMeJ'lM -xopcapcsae rrarerrrse-, BoI.n;aHI-Ible BMJlbreJlh,MOM OpaHcKHM KaK rrp1-IHl'(eM-COBepeaoM B Ilpoaence. «K.opcapClGiMM IIaTeHTaMM» mt3hlBaJINCb BhlAaBaBIlII-'U!:CR OA~ HOM: FrS BOlOIOmWX cropox paspeanenas qaCTHhIM Kopa61rJIM HaIl<l,l1;aTb H<l JUOebIe BpIDKeCKI1e KOpaQJIY.J: n 6p<ln. HX aa a6op;qaJK.

H3fOHHH reaon, Emrsaaera nocraraaa ,qB.yx O"tI(j:BM,ll;HbIX IJ;eJIePi: y.aoBlIeTB.opHTh Ptcnaau;eB H pas H nascerzra 110K.o1-1- qHTb C KOHTpa6aHlloM, oCYlIJ;.ecTI~ml:e.Mo.M naparaxa. Ho H3- tHaH1Ie 1MOPOKHX HiH~RX~ HMe.l1'O pe3YJIb'I'aT, OTJ1ntIHI::.lM: or )KenaeMOro, CBJllIJ,eHHbIlf i'tnr.·,IlHC C006mnll,Q'I'.o KOMaH,ll;Hpy <·H1Im.lI.!X~ rWZhOM)' ,l1;e JUI MapKY )f(H3HeHHO Heo6xo)J;I1M nopr, rzte ('![O Kapa6lIH MornM 5h! )J;enaTb CTOHHKH.H nOrrO:1rIHSlTb aanacsr IIPO,l1;OBOJIbCTB:IDI, H 6btnO OqesM;;r.J,Ro, qTO, Be RMeg B03- MO)I(HOC1'l1 ~enaTb ST0 B AHrJlHM MJIH <'Ppa:El.qllM, OH 6y.z;r;ef 11CKa.Th K<lKOe-rm:6y,n;h y,n;o6Hoe MeCTO B HH;Zl.epn<lH,!l;'aX, xarraaaa rrpn aTOM na McrraHu,es. PMM ,ZJ;flJ1 CBOMM arerrran TIpHKa:s co- 06m;a'l"b arenrass repnora Anb5lil, p;e:PtCTBOBaBIDJ!lM B HCKOTOpbLX npH6pOKHb~ aHTJrnMCmt1X ropoaax, 060 BeCK nepeaaa>KelUlliX BOCHHbIX l(opa5ne:l1.

~ellc:rnIiITeJlbHO, 1 anpena 15:)'2 rona 6bflI saxsasea HOpT H ropon BpWIJIe aa ocrpose Boopa B 3eJ.IaH.zmM, B YCThe pe- 1<H Maac. G:Bj'JUJ,eHHhIH MbSlAC COOelIl,llJI, qTO xopcapu I'M_)lbOMa,n;e JIa Mapxa He C06H:paIOTCH TaM OCT:ilBaTbCR: xepea He-

cmnnERHbr:CtlAJIhHHC 57

CKOJJhKO ,El,HeH KGpa6m'l: CHanHCb c m<:ope:tii M 3ammM YKpenneHHhIfl: ropoz; c:t>fIMCCHHTea Ha ocrpose Banocepen, OTKYAa Mornli KOHTPO)I}IpOBaTb yone pexa IIIeJTh~<I (3CRO). TaM ORH BO;ijpy:m.lll'l 3Hal~;Ul BM1lbfeJ1bMa Opancxoro,

Arenrs, CaHW;eHHOro AlfbH'Hca C006W;:auM repnory Mb6a, t11'O BOJrHa JINKOBaHlUI OXBaTNJI.a BC10 nporecraerrcsyro AHrmno, "ITO TaM. YJKe Ha"II1Ha:IOT rrcrosapasars 0 rra;n;eHttH l:ICrrannes B Hl'l;,EI,epJIaIi,ll,ax. CnepCTBrIeM sroro JUfKOBaHilll ObIJIO TO, 13:1'0 'fbICJAM aHrJIH:HCKHX COJI,n;aT l1c:ppaHIJ;Y3ClQiX ryrexoTaB 3anHCaJI.MCh ;n;06pOBOJIbUaMH, 't:'Il'o6pI rrpnCOe,El,I'IHI:iTbCH BO <1!>JII:iCCI·mreBe K xopcapax fl.mboMa p,;e na M.apKa.1\ BOJIRa KaTWIaCb nansme, rIO):l,JiHMa:ll HaCeJIeHHe <t>JlaHJJ:pl1H, tOJIJIaH,IJ.Yl.11, 3enaf(A,J;IM, rIO;qb]J,epc~ 11 ({;ipHcHHrrpOTMB :M;cn:marnx. anacrea DnectJIm;xui areirr JIaM6epTO MaKKH cootinrarr 113 nOH,n;OHa, srro BWllbrelIbM OpaHCK1U1 H J1YHC ):l,e Haccay 6ecnpeCT<tHHO 06paIll,<lIDTCR K EJII13aBeTe AHfJIm'lcKoH., Tpe6y.f.l, 'l.l:To6h[ AHfllH.f.1 B03rnaBHlIa 6apb6y aa ne3amrC:H'MOCTb HH,r,epR<lH,lJ;OB non 3HaMeHeM npcrecrarrreaaa. MaKKl-I TIHmeT rrane:

«YEnUGaBeTbI ecrs TOJlbKO ~e BG3MO.iKHOCTH: coxpansrs HeHTpamneT MM BcryrU1:'J1b B O'I'KpbJZryIO BOHHy C HertaHaeM Ha KOHTMHeHTe DHa 3HaeT~ "11'0 PMC:\<. 013:eHb BenHK EC1IH repnor ArI.b6a cyMeeT 1lI0ccraHQ:EUfTb KOHTPOJIb flap, BOCCTaB'mMMH rOpO,1J;aMM, ero apMIDl! TaM He m:nUiOBI11fCH, a 6ytter l1j1:tTH ):l,arIbUIe no caM oro JIoH,lJ;OHa,K BeJlMKOMY y;o;OBOJlhCTBHIO l{OporrR. 'cDuJU!tnrra. E.rtu3aBe!',a He MCUKeT nO,El;BeprHYI'b ce6:a: TaKQ.H OmlCH0.CTH. Kposrc -roro, He B ee aarepecax, ~T06bI rro APYryro crcpony npmn:n:Ia 6:BILIO IIOKOHQeHO C ,B:TIaCTbIO I1crraHHH H BMJI];renbM OpaHCKJ.U1 crax ee MOrynI,eC1'BeHHbIM cocenoss-.

lliI1'HOH Cssuteanoro AnbIDica 3H:ilJI, 1:.1TO; HeCMOTpJI Ha TO 'ITO JIecTep H YOJ.ICMHreM, KOT@PbIH Tenepb 6bIJI rmcaex B IlapH'JKe, BbICK<t(3EIBaJUICb sa BcryIIl]eWHe B BQi1HY. npa p;Bope

58 ;slPt'tK <!;IPATII'IHH

60JIblliMH Bee IiMeJ10 MHCHHe Byprrres, CQ]lTaBlllero, 'LJ:TO xano (·no,rtO:>K,lJ;aTb. 11 nOCMOTPeTb~.

cDanopIilT KOmU-Ib~ eOBCTOB'an Kaprry IX Cl>paHlJ;Y3CHOMY acrars BO rnase npOTeCTaHTOB liI KaTOJIHKOB B BOHHC C HcnaHHeM, o6'be,n;H:I'UlT.b TaKHM o6pa30M xoponencreo :H' aaaaaqJ!!'I'b repnora AH:lKyMCKOrO mru;e-KoponeM H:w:,n;epnaH,AQB. TzI<M Be;IFItJ:eCTBeHHaH. rrepcnexrana JIbCTHna Kapny IX . .ao H<1- tJ:aJIa l-ilOIDI OT l<pasr :no xpaa KOHTUUeHTa f0IlOPMJII1j ":ITO B Espone rOTOBIlTCJl BeJIl1.KIDI CMeHa CWI 11 "iTO nporecranTI13M CyMCe:r nOKOFfQHl'b C roCIIOP;CTBOM K<1TOJIH'lCCKOI1: 11cnaHMM. }( 9TOMY ,m;06<1BJ:UUIOCb 0TIIJIhlTlil:C na KOHTHHeHT IIO"i'I'M TbtCH'<;lH lln'I'MCOT aHrJ.uuicKMX p,06POBOJIbIJ,en, xoropsre BMCCTe c resaMH 3aBOeB<l.J1H Ep)'J'K, 'ITO BeC:bM:il. OCJIQ)KHllJIQ OTHOIlIeHMJ!! ElIM3aneTbI I C e])l1J1HmIOM n.

IlepBblc IIo6e,ll,b.I, HafIorrH}[BlUM€ ropnccrsio cepnua CTOPOl-IHH.KOB PecpopMall,Ii!Il, 6t:.ICTpa npeeparnnacs B )1)KacHhlc rropaaenaa, sa KOTOPhIMM nocnesrosana rpa6eJKH H y6M£:kT]~a co CT0POHbI .31illlJ,M.THHK0J3 ROH'l'ppe¢OpMaU;HR B eepeziaHeI'UOHJl Bnm,.feJIbM OpaHCl(HM BbIl-.tyJK,ZJ;eH 6bV1 OTCrynHTb co crpanraersra norepasea B HanpaBJJeHI'fl'I fepMaI-UUi. MOHc C,n;iilJICJI, He 3EM, ":ITO Boiicl<O ryreaoroa, npM6blBillce na fIOMOIIJ;b H3 CXlpaHU;ilM. fIOA KOMaH.n;OBal-meM reaepana lJ,e )l{eHJIlt, pO;1l,CTBeHHMKa MHTpHraHa-coBcTHHK;l I{apl:l.<l IX KOJlYlHhl1, 6bIJIO nonHOCT.hIO YHW{TO:>KeHO rronKsespeaeec Tepnor Mb6a fIpMKa321l CBOHM Bm'kKaM He 6pa'Fb rmeI-IHbIX.

BMJ[nrenbM 0PaHCKIui Cp,eJ1aJICfl HOBOR MHmeRblO CBJI,ILtCHHOrO MbHHCa, rpHropHH XIII upMKa3aJI JIOKOH"IHTb C HRM, K W\OBOJlbCTBIUO vICIlaHCRoro MOHapxa, a ryreHOTbJ p,OJDKHbI 6hIJIMCTaTb K03naMH ornymeaaa B paarposre npo'l'eLTaHTOB 13 HJ.f,nepmI.H,lI.ax. )l{elIaJl M36c)l(aTb Hanap;ot< co cropenu I1cllaHMM, KapJ'l IX saP;YMan rrOJKeHHTb repnora MaHCOElCKOrO CDpaH€ya Pi xoponesy lin MS aa cry, 01':1 anan, 'ilTQ, eCJIM STOT IIJ!:llH y;n;aC11cH, <;DWIHIln II He nOCMeeT, nanas Hra ¢paHlJ;M:IO, PHC.KHYTb XPYIIlillM CfIOKOHCTBMeM B oraomeHl:HIX MC:>K.D;y.JIOH,I:IOHOM H Map;pH,lJ;OM.

CBHUJ;EHHblVr Allbmc 59

t1>paHcya ne Anaacoa rOTOE 6:bJ)J A~HKe I1pliIDlTb nporecTaHTCKYID sepy, eCnI1 6bl TOllhKO 3TOT aKT npR6JIl13I1J'l eta K EmI3ancre. C ::noti l1,eJIMO Of[ ornpanan B JIOH,n;OH cscero nocmlHHm<a, BOHI1$aca .n:emJ MOM. H'H rtocoz, Hl1 E:r.J113lBera He :3HaJIJii, qTo, KorA:;! OH npM6bIJI 1<0 ,1J;BOpy, B IIap:IDKe aaqaJlOCb MaCCOBoe ye51U1.cTBO ryrenoroa ~ BapCpOJIOMCenCl<aJl HOqb.

C rLep.Bo~ He,l!l.CIIM asrycra KOpOJlb Kapn IX Ben ,lJ;BOHHyro Hrpcy, HiO ero COBeTHHK l'acrrap ,[Ie KOJII.1:Hh1i np07J;OmKaJI y6e)K,ll;aTb ero TIOMTH na OTKPBrry'FO BoiiHY e (!)IDlHflTIOM U. C)1l,pyrOI~ cropoasi, aa Hero 0l<.a3blBaJIH ,[(aBJIeHMe B npOTHBonOJIO)KHOM aanpasneaaa ero MaTh, .EK3TepMHa MegI11::l]{, era 6paT, I'eaprrx ae AHJlCY, HcnaHoma nOOOJI GyrlbMra 11' rrpeacraaarezn, npa em ,)tBope TIaITbI fpnrop!-rz XIII. HPHBIl reHpMx,HaCneJI,HMKcppaI-HJ,Y3cKOM KOPOHbl 'M y60K,Il;eHHhlM KaTo)JMK; anan, '{TO, e0IM. OM XOT.J:eT, 'qTQOhl y ero 6paTa Kapaa OOJlhll1e HC I.3Q3HHKaIfo'.iKerutHPIJI aarracrs aa cIJRfll1nna II, eMf crrenycr M36aBHTbC-'I OT KOJlMHbH. Ha.cne,ll;HYU< .nOHMMarJ, "ITO He ;l'I;O.IDKeH naqI<a'rb PYKH. B KpOBMI M y6e)J,HJI c:n,eJlaTb 31'0 aexoerc nancicoro HYHlI;MH. IlO-BKp;HMOMV, aTClT Qe110BeKOhIJI ;1 reHTO'&! C.BH~efn~oro AJ[bHHca.

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1:1 Fenpnx, IT EKaTepl1H<I. Me,llHQ.l1 3H;;UOT, \lTQ KO.nH.BbH I'IIOIl<cr rro,u,rrHTh npOTNB KOpOJUI ryreH'OTOB no Been crpane, IIO;:J'fOMY OHM y6e)k)l:aroT xopons C03.[1aTh B IIapMJKe O"rpH)J,1I1 II1JlMl~HH. B HOlIh C 23 Hct 24 asrycra, :n,EHb CB:71TOrO Bapcpoill IMel'l, B CTOJlI·u~e I.'l>pmU;HH: Ha1.IaJIaCb KPQBaBaJI 6aWI. BG'

60 3PMK C[JPATTI1HM

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Tor~a *e IIo.n:r6 H a,.o;MMpa.H I'acnap p,e KOJlMHhl1. Oocne noxynreaan aa em JKI1.::lHh DB YKPhlJICH B PO;l~OBQM 3aMKe" ne IlIaTWlhOH. DB 3Han, tITO era MOryI' y6n:l'h 13 Juo6yro MMH}'1Y, eCJIH eM¥, He Y.JJ:aC1:'OI ObICTPO C13S3aTbOI c BIDIhreJlbMOM OpaHCKHM. HmlhIO 26 asrycra 'rpH qelIOBer<a npoaaicra B ero CDaJlbHlOM nOKOH'tfl1JIH C fHiM AeBJITblO Y,ll;apaMH KHH)Ka,... .JlOB. YTl3ep)K;D;ae"I'ca, 'YTO KO:J1HHbH 6bIJI K:1i.3He'H arekTaMFI CSJu.n.cHHoro MhJIHCa, HO 91'0 He 60nee tIeM nerefI\.o;a ..

B rrporecrarrrcsax CTOJH1Lt,ax 06meC'L'BCHH0e MH:eHlle ireMep;neHHO YBlo'I;E,eno 13 TOM, tITO C rex nQP Ha3hlBa10T pe3'H8.U BapifHJl1t)JneeBCKOu 'H,O'tf,U, pe3YJIhTaT crosopa M~y cI>IDIIUlnoM. II! EKaTepwHoft MMaQI1, repucrest A1:rb6ol1 11 narIO.H: fpHropneM XIII. C08epmeHHO TOt;lHO H3BeC1'HOj "ITO aa 11eCKOJJbKO MeCHIJ;eB ;11;0 sroro arenrsi Cnsmenaoro AAbUHca nenpeerauno nOChlJIaJUilB PlINt c006't~eHUH a B03MoiKHhIX rrocnencrsaax MJli.Te)KeiJ: B TIap:ruKe, 0 TOM, "ITO Bee 91'0. sepoHTHO, .BhlJ:fbeTOI 13 MaCCQBble y:6MHCTBa npOTeCTafITOS. PHM He npe.n;yrrpetJ,MJI IDiKOro. B KOHue I<:O~OB, see YGl1ThIe 13 'Fe ;1J;HU 1l1O,n;l1, BKT.llOQaa CIapPIKOB, J:KeHm;l'IH 11: )J,eTeJil:, 6bInll eperar\aMH.

C006m;eHHH aHrmli1:cK<Jro nOClIaHB'ldKa YOJICI1HI'e:Ma srronHe OT-J;H03Ha4HhI: «He 3HalO,. KaK3Ta rpareztas He BCKO:lIbIXH}rna ace KOpOnenCTBO». ,aauJIOMaTa aannnnana or MWlHIJ;MH KOPOllCBCKa'R rBap,lI,Ha, rrpHoraHHaa M3 ,D;BOPQa Nap1'Ia IX. BJI.aro~apH3TOMY yp,aJIQCb.n;aTh y6e)J<;l:[rqe HaXO,lJ;HmrI11M-CH :g 1]7 I<pOBaB}'lO HOtIb B Ilapioxe aHrJIMt.I:ilHaM, HanpHMOp YOJJTepy Peil.'lUI.QT06'bI HeCKonbKO CMJlFYM'Tb TiJTOCTHOe BrrCYaTJIe:liMe OT CllyqI!fIHIlerOCH, Esarepxxa Me,lJ;!H'tlH coOCTIIeHH.OH nepCO:HO:H H3MhmmsCT aepcmo C!IytlHBmerOCR:, KOTOpylO KO~

CBHllI,EHHbrH Allb5LHC 61

POJIb AOmKeH OT'CTaMBaTb nepen napllaMeHToM TIapIDKa, a arerrrer CBJ'Im.el-IHOrO MbHHca 6yp;yr P!l3HOCHTb no Beet! EBpone .. «facnap )J.'e KOJIMHbH COC-TaBID1 rtnaa y6:vu1CTBa KOPOJUl, ere 6paTbeB M Reeti: KGpOJIeBCKOli CCMbH. npaSMTeJIbC'TBO 6bLT.IO npe.qyllpe!K.UCHO I<IlK pas BOBpeMR [noztpaayxeaaercs, QTO npenynpeacieaae HCXO,l:tH)lO OT ateHTOB pnxcxoro naFIbI], 6naro:n;aps MWlOCTH BmKbetl, H so HCIIOJIHeUl1:e rrpmcasa xopona, .n;a6bl H36e)l(!lTb erne 60nee xpoaasoro rOCYAapcTsenaoro nepesopora, a.n;MHpar.r [KOlIHHhM] I.II ero co06m;HHKH 6hmH rrpeaaasr K!l3HH'). Tax 6bI:lla 3aKpbIT<1 resra nr6enH '1'blCf.Iq JIIo:n;ere:.

XOTH MapHH CTlOapT OCTaBaJ1aCb K'OPOJIesoH ilIGTJIaH~l1.,qHC:nO ee crOPOHHMKOB nOCTOHHHO YMeHbIIIaJIOcb. yqaCTMe 13 «saronope PMAo.nbcpn~ nOCTal3HJIO ee B ,l:tBYCMbICileHHoe l'IOJIO)KeHlle nepea Bnaaaseroa. Co esoen CTOPOHbI CDpa:fH.I.HH, BhlHamHBaBiliruI UJIaHbl HVla1KHSam·m O'I'HOmeHHH Me}J~y I1apWKeM 11 JIOHAOHOM, }?I<e He Tal{ crpexaxacs 01<.a- 3a1'1:o e:ti: 110;lijJ,epiKK)'. Cynpyra .KapJIa IX, AHHa ABCTPHMCKAA, ,!l;IDKC H36p:aJla EmI3!lBeTY I KpecTHoM MaTepbIO CBQeH HOBOpO)K,lJ,eHHOM ~OqepM. If ioaore erne ~II<OBa illOTJIaH,ll.Cr(Oro nee 60Rbme pacCMaTplfBa.1U1! KaK. nomronpasaoro MOHapxa.

MaKKH cooeiman 113 .JIoH~PHa narre fPHfOPI-HO XIII, tITO aHfJIl1qaHe Q110-TO 3aTeBaIOT uporas I<a'F01U¥:IeCKOHilloTJ13H:n;ldH. EJI:I13ane'ta ornpasarra 13 3,n;J<m6ypr feHpH KlIn)U1Tpoy, CB:a6~liB ero KOA:KpeTHl)[Ml1 MHCTPYl<I.I,MtliMH:

«(BbUlCHHeTCfl, 'lITO cyITl,eCTBOJ3aH¥Fe xopoaeasr ilIOTJIaH,lJ;UH npeacrasnaer TaK}'lO onaeancrs ,lJ)IJI eroaemrsecrsa [HK:ona] 11 AIlS ero KOpOJIeBCTBa, "ITO B03Hl1KaeT nacroaTelIbHaH He0'6x:op;l1MOCI'.b OT nee l126aB.]1TbCH. 11, XOTH CrrpaBCAJIHBOCTb MO)KeT necropssecrsoaars PI 3,1lCCh, no PJl;,lzy npH"lI1H KXoKCTCH pa3YMMbIM OTnpaBH1'b ees IllornaH,1l;HIO H TaM npeziar» B PYKH pererrra ~MopTOHa l, H rrycrs OH ;ll;eHCTBye'r rrporaa nee cornacan 3'<l.KOHy, CTeM r..rTo6hl HHKTO yJRe Bnocnep;CTBlil1 He Mor rroneeprayrscs onaCHOCTI'1 no ee BHHe.).

62 3PMK (I).PAITHHM

:th'H CTPOl<M HCHO I10.Ka3hIB<lIOIf, t:J:TO EnM3aBera 6bUI2. saMHTepeCOB:1l.Ha B TOM, "t.J.To6bI noczrars Mapmo CTlOapT xa K:l3Hb. O,I:tHaK0 MOPTOH 06'bHCHPIJI nocnaany .J1oH~C)Ha, xro, eclIl'f TaM ;lleI1cTBMTeJlbHO XOTJIT nOMDQb illOTJIaH,lJ;lIH, ~M CJIeAyer lIHIIlh rrporaayrs PYKY ITOMOlll,M, q'T06bJ BhlJ)B:lTh xaTOflMt,iCCI<rylO 3aH03Y, CI1NIIIJ;YIO B npOTeCTaHTCKOH illOTJl:lHAliW: @,l'I,l'IH6yprCKldH: 3aMOK Bee erne Cila:xo.rIJ:ITCH 13 PYKax CTOPOflHllKOB sxc-xopoaessr Mapzn. Ot(H<lKO ozrao :LI;ellO ,tIJIg aHrJIM"llaH 6hUIO npM3HaTb . .HKoaa VI KOpOJIeM, fl (GRCek ~pyFoe - OTI<PhITO BMeIIII1Ba.ThCR B ,1J)ena illOTJIaH,lJ;MU.

KapJJ XI 6htJI Ja.IDIT JIa-PornenhIO, CDlll.Il1ITII II - KOHCPJIl1K- 1'a.MI4 B HR,D;epl1aH;n,ax, TaK qTO EnH3:lBera :MorJla Obl1"b ynepena, ":lTD liP! TOT fIJ1 ApyrOFl He HOCIleIlI:lT rra nOMOIB;b MapaI-I CTIOapT. Haxonen 17 anpeas 1573 rop;a aHrJll':l:f1C.KaSI apMHH nepenraa aH[nO-lllOTJIaHAcKy:IO rpQ.I·nnzy. JIaM6epTo MaI<IG:r rtocnan B PUM S'KCTpeHHOe cooemenae 0 TOM, qTO Y rpanaIJ;bI C IDO'I';1I:lH,[l,Heti: CKannHB:leTQ5l 60J1blIIOe ROJ'IH~eCTBO JIlO,[ler1li ap'L'l-i.l1.1'IepIilH. Ho C006~eHJ!Ie IllDtlOH:l IIOl1WO BPI-1M TOJIbKO 28 anpena, Korp;a 6bIJW }?Ke CJlM:mKOM Il03)J;HO. YTpOM 17 Ma5i! HaqanCH apTHJUlepnficKHi:r oocrpen 3,!J.HH6yprcKoH KpenocTH. Yepe3 ;D;BeH-a;O;UaTb ;UHeM OCa)K,[l;eHHhIC C)l,aJIl<fCb.

CJIep;yroll\He necars JIeT IIBHJIHCb rrep110):l;oM aeonpene.JICHHOCTI1tV19 EBPOTI:bl, ente npeQbIBaBIlIeM rron Bnel.J:lr9IeHBeM «saroaopa Pl1AOJl1bCPH*l pe3HI<I BapcpOJ1CMeeBc~ofi: HOqk:!l 11 OC<I,[I1>1 :.lHfJII1QamIMI1 ~p;Ji:'!Ji6yprcJ{oro 3aMK~LcI>p:ur[Ll,HH, Hcna:HI<f:Jil FI PUM npH,[lep)KJl:iSaJOTCH rrpeJKBel1 .1'IHHHli1. EJllinaBera I B AHr1I1U1:, $:HmiITIT II B I1crram·m, fPl'IroPMH XIII B PHMe Ii feHpu;x: In, KOTOPbIPf: BCT)1D.Jm na <ppaHl~y3QKHt!: rrpecroa nocne c~ep11H Kapna IX B 1574 rO.D.Y1 onpe)lemno1' ITomnHK'f B KOHIJ;e XVI l<I ua1:JaJ1e XVII sexa,

B KOHu;e 1573 rOA::! repuora Mh6y CMeHl'IJl, JIO rrpI1:Ka3Y KOPOllJl a>wunma II, JIywc l1.e Pexeceac. Pe'KeCeHC H:lXC.AMJ1C$I y BJIaCTl'I TpR rona, AD CBOCM CMepTM B 1576 fO,n:y. Torna MOnapx H:l3H9.r·Ufll KOMaHp;yro~MM ,D;OHa XyaH3 AncTpHticKoro. Ho B 1578 ro,zzy TOT CKOHqaJilOl. Xym3 CMemm era J];OBepeH~

CBflIIlEHHbn1 AJIhflHC 63

Hbrn xesroaex n: 3aMec'r1111enb ArreI(CaHLJ;p <Da.pH~3e, repnor HapMCK11:l'ii.

Bepnsre BlltnbreJIbMY OpaHcKoMY reasr npO.B;OITx<anH co CBoell: 6<1.31:.] BO ¢:ImrcomreHe HaI1a~aTb rra lwpa6JUI B soaax JIa-'MaI:Ull<l. Em13a1!eTa )QKe ycnexa n;purpo:UlTh BW:llbreJIbMY OpaHcKoMY, t{TO, ecrm Hana)J.eHId'~ all aB:rmlHCIrne cYAa 6yzryr npO;lJ;OJDI<a'TbCJI, OHa, ,1'.(a6bl Ha.I<a3aTb cflJlHccHHreHcI<Mx re30B, BbI~erl"a 6y,E!;eT 3<lKJUOt{MTb COlO3 C McnaHMdt B 1578 ro,m,y BHnbreJiI.bM OpaHcK:t!il, J.-ICTIblTbIBaBIIIHH noeaHoe zrasnenae co (TOPOHbI apMm1 HcnaHHll, npe,n,nO)KM.!I EJIJlIS<lBere AHF.!lH:td:CKOi1: KOPOflY OCBo60)l{,l:l,CHHbIX HM~epnaRtI,OB. Ho ElIH311BeTa aaana, '{TO, npI1H.HB 91'0 npenaoseeline, OHa nczrsepraer onaCHOCTH M 6e3 roro xpynKl'l!:i1 COlO3 Me)KJW JIOH.llOH02l.!i H Map;pH,LItOM.

C ApyrOM CTOPOHbl, rrccne cMepTM 31 MlOJHI 1556 rO,1.1;a vlrHauiJJJ JIoi-i.onhl Qp,!];eH kIMcyca OCTaJIeR. 6e:J flBBOI'O . ..r:rn:.a;epa, KOTOPblftr Mor 6b1 'HanpaBJUITh negTenbHOCT'b II CYAb6bI ero IIO':ITIl rrn:nr TbICJ.Iq Q1'TenOB, pasripecaaasrx no BceM'Y M1ipy. H3@pamle 13 1581 rOAY Ha nOCT rnaesr op.n:eHa TpJ.VJ.qaTHCeMHJle:FHerO .KTanbmru;a KlLaBAIDI AKBaBMIlbI ITO.1IO)KIDJO HOllIMO T~U< Ha3lJIBaeMOMY 1"30noToMyselo/'> He3)'l':ITOB. AKB<lBRBa H rpHT'Op!lIR XliI nOKvKYT O,1l;Hl-I .PI3 nYCClITIrrx: B acropaa K<lTOIIHQeCNOI1: nepxs» npI1MepOB napraepcrna.

He3yHTbJ }?I\e ~aImo ycrrena rronsrs, K<lKOe orposmce 11la<.reHwe llMeno 6hI C BOeHHQM TOt{KH 3peHI>i_1I crpareraseI xoe rrOJIO)KeHl1e Hpn:!lHAI4:H B ClIyqae, eClI]d 6bI obll:Ia npenII pl'IHHTa cepseaaas TIOIlhITKa aasoeaars nporecranrcxyic

nrrnno, Dana 6f>IJI ynepea, q:TO, ecn.11 OI<a3<lTb n:oMep?KKY ) i,)KCMMC), (1)HUMopncy, TIJleMRHr·nncy rpacpa .ll.eCMQH,a;a, TOT ! MO)Ker npoasaayn, neno KaTOJlH:U;M3Ma H:!I BpWTaHCKMX II rpcnax 3aMblCeJl He3')1HTOB CQCTDJill B TOM, "qTo6bl opraaaHlIlUTb EoeHH)OO 9Kcne~HU:'HI0 13 .MIDHE:Tep (OJIbCTep). <DHU;tr >PHC CQMTan, ~'fO oTTyi:~a OR CMO)](eT P}'K0J30:D;MTb 'BOCCT-R-

II L 'CM nporan MH3aBeTh1 AIirJIuM:CKOid.

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64 3PHK ¢lPATH:1Hli

Camn,eHHbIti: AJu:,HHC Bhr6paJIM TOM::lCa CTblOKJII1', H311eCTHoro aWJlI-u'tCKliM mflMOHa.M HeOTeCaHHQfO MYJ'Kfl lH a, craporo IIMpaTa, l<OTQPbIH: npOBOSrAI<lCI1Jl ce6a He3aKOHHOpCJilKp,OHHbIM CbrHOM reHpI1Xa VIII. CThlOKTII1 npenpamcrca B psanoro 3a~HTHllKa K<l.TO:rIHll,Il3Ma H aaxpernencs rIpH Ma~pH;ll;cKOM ,B;BOpe, a l1>ltl:mnmlI n02I<:lJIQBaJI eMY TH1')'JI MapIill:'3a l1.e Hpn:aH,u;a. TIpe~e qOM QTrrpaSHThCH EI Hp.llaH;D;HIO, C'FbIDMH1 )Ka,u;.HbIli" ,lJ;O I1PHKJIIO~eHl'dl: 11: nosecrert, peirraa ll}1eCTe c KOponeM Ce6aCTbHHOM IIOPTYI'OlJlbCKHM BBf.lSaThCf[ B 6eCCMbICJ'IeHHbIH KpecroBblH rroxon B MapoKKo npOTI1B HeBepHbIx. 4 aarycra 1578 rona B 6MTBe npH MbKaCapl<BJ1BMpe fOJIOBa napara 0l<a3waCb oT~eneHHOH: 01' rena; a Cl3g:m:,eHHoMy Mbaacy nocne rYf6emI CTbIDIQIH npHlli.nOCb HCK::tll'b noaore BGll<;ll,5.I. ,,1];.11.H npnaHl1.oKoro BocC'raHIDI.

¢IMU;Mopnc CHOBa OK::l3aJIOl BO rJl2lBe9Tofq OilepalJ,Hl:I, KOTOPyro fpMrQPl'lH XIII rOTO~ 6bIJI 6}1arOCJlOBRTb H qJHflaHCHpoaars, Jlana npMKa3VJ, ~To6:r;,1 KTO-HM6Y)J;b 11:3 tVI'eHOB CaaIIJ,eHHOra AlrbJliHCa corrpoaccsnan q,111~MopMca 13 era BoeHHo:if 9Kcne,lJ,HI.V-IH, 11 BbI60p nan Ha CB5III:I,el-:Uil1Ka HHKOJTaCa CaHnepca, 31I'0T aHrJIBliaHliH npOCJIaBMrTICH B napcrsonauae E:1IH- 3aBeTbI I CBOHMH naMq:meTIlMn nporsre eper.w:r.Kl1:-aHr.lIl'I~aHKH.

27 MIDHS! 1579 roaa cDHQMOPI'rC 11 CaHl!l;epc OTITJIbJJIM n0A nanCIGfM 3HaMeHeM 113 fIOPJI'tl 3Jlb (])epPQJIb H B3RJI,H _XYPC I:Ta HpJ1allAC~e 6epera. BOHCKO H ~OM~H.n.a CQCl1QSl}]M H3 IIOnyCOTHH xenoaex, a CCHOBHOM xcnaauea M araasanuea 17 MlOJlJI OHH BbICOl,lJ,IIJIMCb 13 CMepBHKe HyKPCIIM'JU1Cb TaM B Q)KH;:fUHHH rrO;Zl,I<peIUleHY5I MS P!crramm:. Orrepanxa cpasy }~e ITOlIDIa HcY:n;a'tJHO .. lI>KeMMc cDW[],Mopnc Ol:iIJT cpzsea 'aHrJIMMCKOti nyJIe:~, HO rpa¢ )l;eCM@H;D;, sepH}'llllII:till:cn 'B MpJIaH,1'J;I.UQ :nOCRe 3aKJrKPrem'UI B lIOH:,1l;OHCI<OM Tayspe, rrprUn:m IKOMaH,lJ,OBaHHf! tra ce6.1l. "llepe3 H.eCKPJIhl~O He,u;CJIb sees MlOHCTep Y2Ke 6hIJ1 OXBa'tJeH BOCCTaHHeM IIpOUIB aHr!I.M'i;aH.

B ::lTO Bpe,MB HHKOJU1C Cannepc, Boop)1)KeHHblH: TeKCTOM mUIC.KoH 6Y:.l1JI:bl 06e'I';qyqerIH1'I M113aBeTbt I, O~OAH1I rrepxBH HpmlH,1JJiIH, npl.-t3bIBaH H:pnaH;,lI,u;eB IlOLl,HJITbOl npoTHB KO-

CBSiI1lEHHhl:l"i AJIhSlHC 65

poneBIu-epe'tM'fH{M. Ilporecrasrrte yt'<PhUUiCb B. p,y6JIllHe .M KopKe. Hpmm,n;CIQ1MH BOHCKaMR, 13epHblMH. AHrnl-lH, KOM<1H,l1.013aJI rparp 0PMOH):\. Haxoaen J3 ceHT.Q;Ol"e 1580 rozra Ha noMOrn;b 6hUll1 BOClIaRhI l1:CIIaHCJ:Gfe Bot1cKa. no aa lIeHh ,[fO HI1X npa6wIH crnpaaeeaasre EJIH3aBeToPi ,I'VllI nOf,l;aBJIeHWI 130CCTamUI ITOAKpeIlJleHHe iii M_1IorOCt;fi1ClIeHHble Kopa6nu. B HOa6pe zperrocrs )QKe 6bma oKpY'KeHa M. C cyma, II C MOPJiI,

fIoCJIe HeCKOJlbKM.X ,ll;HeH neperosopoa MCnaHCIGIH KOMaH.D;Hp cnpocrer xopna Ipes BWlcoHa, I<OMaHf:lYI01n;ero :utrJIHMCkMMH BOHcKaMH, 06 YCJlOBMJIX Kanl1ry:JJJJllJ'u-I. Y Bnncolra.6bIil npHK2.3 caMoH EJHI3aBc'thI ,[I06HTbC.n C,2l;aQH H yHIiNTO)1(eHM'fI scex nOBCTaHu'eB.

10 HOH6p.II 1580 rona sopora OTKpbIJUICb nepep; aHrJlHQ2,I JaMM H Bepm,lMM MMSaBeTe Hpnal'I;D;tJ;<1MR 150JIee nOilIycoTHM JllOp,eM 6hmM ltajneHhl na MecTe, KilK M Mpn2.HACKMe K2.rOJIH"- 101, M}?K1.[MHhl, )I(eHIlJ,HHM II jl;cl'H, HallIe~mRe y6eJ!GU[(e axpeltOCTU. TpH,tl,u,aTIll M'CrraaCKllM ocpMll,epaM 6muta ,tJ;apOBaaa

(l.13Mh: 11M sa 60Jl:hmOH BbiKyn pa3peII1HlIH BeprryrhCR B HeI13.RMlO, QARN: KaTonHK-aHI'lIH"IaHHH 11 ABa MJ;?lIaH;D.Ll;a, npn. hJBllIMe H3 HenaHI:Uf BMeCTe c ,UJKeI1MCOM q)HUMOPMCOM, ~~bl1IM nO',LJ;BeprHYfbl TIblTKaM, 3aTeM: Ka3BeHbI.

Hzxonac C2.H):tc:pc, xoroporo B KperrOCTM ue 6bUlO) npoN)JDK:ut :B HPJ1'aH]J,:MM caoro l':1tHHyro ,!'l;eHTeJlbHOCTb }{'aK aretrr (.lIRlqeHft.oro Mb.kHCa l'm:!IO'Tb,!J;O 1581 rena, .wor.D;a CKCiH4aJI- 0'1' xoJIo~a M ronona'.

Ilocne ouepa:U;HH<,MIOHcTtp» CSHlI{eRHOrO MbIDfca EJiH- 1.!BeTa I AHfJIHMCKaH ssipaaaaa (BOH nporecr I1CnaHcI<oMy 1I0CJIill-U·m:KY MeH,1l;Oce. Koponesa Aar:7IHY.!" o6BHHHna HcrraHI ~ 13 H KOPOJUI '41mumna II BO Bp~e6HoiI aICD(l'JH - BJlllca;qKe ItOIlCI< aft nop;BnaCTliOH: AI·mu-u.r reppMTOpM.M. Torna xcrraa, 1<I1iit ,ltHUJIOM:1LT pa3'h.Q;cHIDI, qTO HcnaHM He HMeJIa HHK:lKO-

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66 3FHK ¢IPATrWI-JliI

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q>MaCKO B HpnaHp;RH 3aCTaBHlIO narry Fparopas XIII, K<lK, BnpOqeM, H MHsaBeTY I, H VHJUmH:1l H, 06paTHTI> csoa 830- Ph] KO see eme He peJllOHliP:fi mOTnal:lp;CKOIf np06JIeMe.

C rex rtop KaK CCMb .ner naaan rran Sp;Hl-I6yprCK1:niJ: 3:aMQK, Mapwr Cnoapr He 06lIatl'Wa B llIOTlI1l.H)J;I1l!f HHK<lKOM peansHOli aazcrsro. noxa lOHhIH HKOD VI npespamanca B xopoureto KOPORR, npOTCCT2HThI H KOpOJIeB::l l!mi32Bcra l<pern<o ,!l;CP>KaJ1H 6pa3,n,:bI rrpaanemor B CBOliX PYI{,ax. 6J1aro;n:'apg pererrry MC)pTOH'y. Ho HM lliOl'JraH,1l;l1ei1cH0Ba CryIJJ;aJIHCh rpo- 30BbIC T'y'-UI - K9.K max B nrpe B peaaracsasre ruaxMaTbI.

lIKOJ3 VI C TpIiIYMt;POM BC'1)'IUL1J B 3;lfHH6ypr 17 OKTil6p5l 1578 rona. 11 rrpHBCTCLElPBJ, C ROTOPblMH err 6h1JIBc1'peqCH CBOHM Hapo,n:oM, p;aJl:H eMY no'tf)113CTBOBa'tb BRyC BJlaCTH IOHbIH: Moaaj3x 6hlJI YMca 11 3H<lJI, Kal<:OBbI 6bI1lH ero 06:9.3aH HoeTH KaK xopona, HO eMY TeM He MCRee HyJKeHObIJI COBeTlJ:HK, KOTopbrn nosecr 6bI eMY ynpaBJI$JTh HC]ler1(:oll wOTJIafUl· CK:OH rrOJIlIITMKOil Bhr60p nan aa 9cMe CTIOapT9., ceasopa A'06MHhH., cppaHLT;Y3cKoto poacrseamrsa xoaapxa, qneH3

CBJJ'UJ;EHHbrfY AJ}M!H.C 67

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'I 1'0 OR - arenr Tparopna XIII 11 'lTO eM}'IlJIaTHT He3y:HTbI. I j I GIMOM IKe nene cppaHrzyJ 6hIJI rrpOCTO HCK.1.TeJIeM rIPM• JltO'l.leHHK 11 acenan yCTPQIiTb CBOlO cylJ,b6y. JI.'06HHbH. Mor II, C,D;CTaTb HAeanbHhIM KaTOJ1YII<OM nepezt nanoa 11 ¢11JlHnIII 1M 11 H pe13HOCTHbIM nporecraterov nepezt EnW3aBeToM I H

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Toraa YOlICId:HreM, KOTOPhIM HC::FIOJlIUIJI reneps o6u3aHHOCfM He TOJIbKO rocynaperseaaoro cexperaps :AHfJ'Ull'l, HD Ii TJJtlBhI ee pa3Be,z1;;t'U3.<lTeJffiHbJ.X CJIy.>K6, rrpeMO)J(,HJJ KoponeBe na Bbt60p ABa B03MOJKHblX nyrn penreaaz npo6neMbl. MO)KHO 6hmo rrocnars K 6eperaM I1IO'l'naap,lirn ~oeHHbfe Kopa61IM, Q'('06bI mlIIyraTh, Jfl{€JBCl VI M TaImM oopa30M ,D;Q6blTh csoooAY ;ZJ,JIJI MOPTOH<l, nuGo MOIKHO 6bHIO opraaasosarr, y6ul'tcrBO ,ll,'06l!1Hbl1. EJI.P:I3JBeTa BhI6paJIa BTOPOM nyrs, rro nO,D;q.epKHyJIa~ tITO JIHK.BH,qan;IHI arerrra Csamemroro AnMIHca He ,n;OJDKHa npOM30RT1f B npncyrcraaa IWPOJIR.

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CJ35fIUEHHblit AJlbJIHC 69

B 3'r0 SpeMJI HOKPyr 3CMe ilt'06PIHbI1i H MKOBa VI H npoTHB E.TU1'3aB:eTbI ] roreaacs HOBa$! cers - Tax. Ha3hlBa:eMhllI ('3arOBOp 1'POKMOpTOHa,>. llieJIH ee pasmee JIIO~H~ cI>wnmn II, I'eapax nI, TPMTop:w:i'IXIII l'I MapHH Cnoap1', UeillblO l1X 6bfno, KaK 11 npesere, CBep'KeHHe EnM3a:BeTbI I H rrepenaxa aHI'- 1'IM.:MCKOrO TPOH::t MapHll CTlOapT,

B rrepssie MeCl'IU.bI 1583 roaa Tostzc Mopran, 6blBIDMM 'rcrna cesperapex nOCOJ1hC'taa 1ll0TJlaH~MH BO <Dpal-lI~l'Ilti, saliep6oB3JI O;!'lHOrO aHfJUiHCI<!OrO K<lTOllMKa, 31'OtO KgTOJIHI<a :maJlM <lJPSHG:HC TPOKMOPT0H, EMY 6blJ10 ~mlAlJ,aTb BoceMb JICT, OU 6bI:IT npeAaH rrane a YBJreKaRCH MHTpHraMI-l.

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erne O)lfiU q.neH CT:l$!m,eHHoro MbHHca, ,neilicTBOBaBlIUui B JloHP,Ol're, HO rroeroaaao cOBepmrunnnti rryremecrsax B TlaIII<VK H .n;OCTaB1UJBlliWD: -ry.n;a S<!lll¥lcppolilaaH-ble HnChMa, Ii MH!llenb At:; KaCTeHQ tis: MOBMCbe, nOCO]I <:DpaHQ.I1H rrpa p:Bope I JJ1J[3aBeTb[, Coo6~eHIDI TPOKMopTOHa HanpaBJ'llifI:HCb 11: B I I o COJIbCTB a I1crlaHHl<I B JIoa,noae 11 rIaproKe, H B rrocozrscrao IllpaHQMI<I B JIo.H.n;Olie.

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70 3Pl'lK (flPATIMH'H

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CBJIlllEHHbJA: MbHHC 71

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74 :EJPHK t1JPATTI1HH

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C MOMeH'l'a era OCBo6o)K,Zl,eHIDl na"!!an cpopMHpOaaThCfJ 3arOBOp, M.MeBunui!: :u..eJIblO RHIlIldTh E:1Ui!3aBeTy %H3'HH. OAHH .H3 3aroBopW:IiH~OB. 3,l.1MOH;J; He8J1.lln, repnor Y.3C'FMOpJIeH;ll;,

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CB:I114EHf-rblir AiIbHHC 75

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76 ~Pl1X (1)PATUUU1

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CBflll),EHI-.IQrlir AJIb.HHC 77

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CBHIllEHHhltt AllbHHC 95

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CBHmEHHbll1 ATlbmC 97

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CYA Ha)J: Poapnro JIollecoM :H l0:Iay;a;I1'O THHHKO, arCI-ITOM CB.sUu;cffiH@ro MMIHca, KOTOpEU!;~ HCDOJlmVI pozn, cssaaoro M~y Jlonecost H P11MOM., eOCTOf.lJICH 14 xapra. rIpMrOBOp 6hIlI cnep;YJOm;HM: CMepTRa.H Ka3Hb. JIK>60nbITHo, ':lifO Brraaasera He nozmacsiaana 31'01' npl1fOBOP anzrors ;LJ;O 7 MIDHR. TOM .)KC HOqblO JIorreca M THHMKO BhlBeJTMHa n,eHrpallhHhlH ABoP TaYSIpa H llOBCCMJIM, a Tena HX: t.IeTBepTOBVI'H. ,IJ;a:>KC 110- cae cssepra PO,l!l;P:I1r'o noncea KOpOneB<I npO,ltOIDKaBa AYMaTb, tiTO OH, B03Mo.:)KHO, 6hIJ.I HemrHOBeH. Ho KTO Mor 3HaTb 3TO,

CB~IQEHI-ih]A MIM!HC 99

KpoMe Hero caMoro? To'!HO MJ,BeCTHO, I:.ITO, XOIJl JIonec 60IJI [<a3HeH no 06BHHefIl'IIO B crpanraox npenarenscrse, era 'B;UOBe 6hIJIO rrepeaano Bee era HMym,eCI'BO H ,lJ,a.JJ<e Ha3IUQeHi nOiKH3HeHHM rreHC¥U.I. A E;UI3<l:SeTa coxpanazra NO:1IbUO, l(OTOpOe npMCJIaJI Me,lJ,Ht<y ¢IDl1lTIll Il, H HOCHna era aa rransne .)];0 G1MOrO .D;m:r cBoei1: cMepnlil.

B KOHIl;e lifIOH'l ¢lHmmll II, HecMoT1!'~ Ha npOTeC1'bI CBOFIX l~OIcropoB Xyaml. rOMeca;qe C:maGpMa PI RpHCToGarra Tlepeea l~e 3ppepa, paCITOp}JAfl!:1ICJI rrepesecra ABOP B 3cKy.p.liIaJI .. XoIleA ropaoa MeCTHOCTU OhIn speztea ,1I,lUI era 3t1,OPOBhH. I CeHT}IfipJI KOPOJIh, }9Ke6yp;yq.H oxeas cna6, ClcpMTJ;HaJ1hHO IJ1'penU1J1Cg or scex rocyaapcraeaaux p';en. M C sroro caxo['0 ,1l;HR TOJIbKO GpaT ):(aero lJ,e frenec, ero McnOBe,a;HMK, nonJlCP)KHBaJI ero p,yx. 13 ceH'FJI6pH 1598 rO,TI;a CDl1JIMUrr II CKOHlJUJICH B cBoe:ti nocrena B MOHaCThlpe CaH JIopeHco ,a;enb 3cJ YPMaJI. B TOT p;eHh HCqe:3JIa M o.n;Ha H3 qJHHaHCOBh1X H Mop:anbHbIX 0110P CB:mn;eHHoto Ansaaca, ITaIlCI<OE Ta:Pl:HOa ! JI.y>K5hI, OCHOBaHHOH T~)l1Au;aTh ,D;:sa roaa HJ3a,r:(.

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100 3PkiK <!lPA'fTI.iHM

mHCb B AHrHMR, Bee Tpoe. HaqpiilBJil:HIOTCSI B JIOHAOH. fix nern, - nOAJIOJKM:Tb xoporrese rroz; xpon2Tb 3apM B3pbIBtIaTKH. t.tTo6bI CAenaTb BTO, rrocnaausr CBSIIlleHHora AJI:hJIHca CBJJJ3aJII1.Cb C O)!J;HHM cnyroM-KaTOJIHKOM, pa60T::IBillHMB KOpOneBCgOM ,tl,BOPQe. 3a HeCKOJ1bKO ARea j1.0 Taro, r<aK rrpezrI1pHlUIlTb IlOilbITI(}' BbmOJIHITTb SaAaal1:e, ,lJ,BOe aa ue3y:MToB 6blJI11 3a~ep)KaHbI 13 rOCTIDII,u_le; FAe DRYl .lKi'lJIH. TpeTbCMY He3YHTY, OTI.J;y Kepsro, yp;aJIOCb CKPbITbCH. llO-BI1Al1MOMY, crryra pelIIHJlCH paccsaaars 0 sarosope Po6epTY Cecnny. 06a HeaYHTa6b[]Ut I<a:3HCHbI II tIeTBepTOJ3flHbI B JIOHP;OHCKOM Tayape 13 anpeze 1602 rOAa. OTe~ Kel'lbIOjapeCTOH<lHHbH1 HeG:.K@JlbJID (03)Ke, 6bIJr Ka3:HeH B cpeBpane 1603, rona,

B arone 1601 rozra HCrraHCKMe BQ;H:CKa oca.n;I:LFIM OCTeH;1il;e.

OCHOBPlble CJilJThI Al-rrJ,IHH. B 3TO BpeMH 6bLllH 3aHHTbI B BOHac C JipnaH,ll.HeIi. Bm1Ha aa ABa 'CPPOHTa 6blJila He no CMlIaM nnoXO nOj1.I'oToMeHHO;MY aHrJIMMCKOMY BOHCl:CY, H: ElIn3a:eeTa peI1IHn:I ,lJ;OroBOPH1'hC:R C fCHPldXOM ¢lpaHI.(Y3CKHM 0 TOM,. '11'0- 6.br OH creper ITa-p.,e-KaJIe H He ,n;onyCTl1ll:. BTOp1KeHI-m HCI1:!1Muea B AHrJuno S"I'HM rryresc

I'enpnx IV peman nocnara ;;I.IDI. neperoaopos C KOpOJIe- 130M- Emi3ane1"OH csoero 6Jru:3Koro p;pyra repnora llie .EwpOFJa C o6emaHNeM He ,D;OrryCKUTh Mcnonh30BUHM.l1 HCnaHCKM.MH BOMCKaMH npOJIMB:I Ila-ne-Kazre B xaxecrse nnauaapaa P;/IJI B03MQIKHOrO BTOpJKemnl B aHrnWHCKlle JeMJUi.

E MapTc 1602 rona Jenpax IVY3HaTI Qepe3 CBOIO TaMH}'l'O areHTYPY, 1:J:TO repnor l1.e EMpoH, ero nyqm:I?rti zrpyr 11 TO'Bapant no Op}!JKr.tID., aa caMOM zrene ;rt;€i1cTBOBaJIKaK nmaon Cssmeanoro An:wnca na cJIY)K6e y <DHJIllrma III. l1,z:J;eJl repnora COCTOJiJ~:I B TQMl t:lTo6bl OT,.Q,aTb llcnaH:u;aM sees lOr M SOcrOK <l>PaHI.l;ID:t, a B3:IMC,H 6blTh npoBo3P,r:IrueHHbIM I{QPOn:CM ,BypI)'H,1:l,H.H H ¢lpaHlIl-KoHTe. Yn:mw 6bInH aeorrpoaepzeasec. HeKHH xenones, CQMT:InnnriicH mrrMOHOM narrsr H HCnOJIb30- BUBlllMHCJ! re:p:U;OFOM n K:I'·!eCTBe KYPhepa, rrepeaoaasmero em nccaaaas, paeoran aa (:IMOM .u;cne H:I <Ppal:-m;ysCI~ paaBe.uK)1'. TaK tI1'O BO! nepenacsa ,D;.C BMpoHa C MHMeH'JIOM Vlll

c'BJIIIIJilHHblfl AJIb,U-IC 101

l{ cDPtI1HnnOM III nenana B PYKM reHpI1XY IV. 31 mom-r 1602 rona reprtor ,ll;e EnpoR, rpOMOfJ'laCHoYll'lOJIHBWMPl KopOJIa, cseero ztpyra, 0 nomazte, 6blJI Ka3HeH 'B Eacr.HJlMH.

B Hatta._lle 1603 rorra CKlme'J'P rOTOB 6hL11 BhlrtaCTb w!1 PYK En:I13aaeTbI - nocae COPOEC3; narn Her J~apCTBOBaHIdJr. 14 Mapra eM CTaJlO HaMBoro JIy:qrrre, oaa ,lJ;IDKe csroraa npuIDITh nocna ,lDKGBJHRM CKapameJIJIM, nanpaeneaacro ;n;O)KeM Bene- 1l;F1I"l ,ll;Jnl BOCCraHOBJIeHH1l p;HIInoMaTFP3:eCI<HX oTHomeHMll Me1K.lzy ARI'JIMeH 11 EeHe~l'l:aHCI<OH pecny6nMKoH, CeMl!-J,D;eC8- TMneTIDH:! crapyxa osasarracs cnocooaoa ;lIa>Ke rra KOKeTcTBO c BeaettHalu~eM, He 16 MapTa nacrynano Y:XYJ:l.l1IeHl1e, 01' 1<0- roporo OHa '}')Ice He onpasaaacs. B nepaue qaChI -rersepra 24 Map'F'<l 1603 rO)J;a Enasaaera AHrJIIU1:CKaJIi C110KOMHO CKOH'-[VIaCb B caoen nOC'J1eJIM, 'I'O"IHo-raK ~e, KaK narazrer H23a,ll; (I>M1u<mn H, ee HCTOpI1.QeCKH.H. Bpar,M ccrasana rrpecron saI(OHHOMY Hacne,uHHKY JIKOBY VI IIIoTnaH;ZJ;cKoMY, KOTOPhU:f l~pIDlJlJ] HMJ.! ZlKOB (..na<eKo6) I AHrrJIMHCKH:H" .. TIepBbIM era l\cj:H-Il'feM nOCJIe Taro, KaK rO}JOBY ero YSCW·ialIH KopmWH J\HJ'J1MH, 6.bJJIO nepenecensre -rena ere MaTepH, Mapna Crro- 111'1', 1'13 OP;fiHQKOH MOI'IiIJIhI Ha :KI1a;!J;6Hm;e Ilirrepfiopo B ycsrU:1JJbHiUJ;Y aHrmn'ifCKMX KOpOJIeH B Becraancrepcaoa a66aTrrae; Terreps o6e, EnH3aBeTCl n Mapas, cnana pa,n;OM -Beq~ IlhIM CHOM.

B PMMe HOBOCTb 6b:IiIa BCTpel:H~Ha pa:O;OCTHO. BeJUIKM:H IIpar K3.TOJIl1qH3Ma CWOHqaJICH. KnHMeHT VIII I1pHKa::aan 3BO- 1III1'b B KOJIOI(OJI3.. Ho panocrs ero ,[IiJIlfJl<lCb HCAOJITO, flIlUllJ:, IV> Tex nop, rroxa OR He 06HapY>KWI. qTO .sIKOB I, KOPOJIb ABr!III "', I1pnal-I,,1:I;pui, <flpaR~liH H lliOTnaH,E{l1.H, ,,lJ;B<l,1!!;.o;aTb qeTBCP- 11,1(.\ KOPOJIh AHrJIMH co apesren BJ11I'hrelIhMa 3aBoeBaTenJl,

1,1)1 HlfKOliM 06pa30M He HaMcpCH npeepamars CBOIO zrep- 1 I hy B KaTOJIH:qeCKOC KOp01:leBCTIIO.

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H IJlh~l'.lJ:OlIM.ne, Ha,lJ,eJ1IDI HX MHorllMH rrpl'lBI1JIerUHMU H nopy-

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5 MapTa 1605 rona .KJJ:MMeFIT VIII CI{OH4an:cn B PaMe. Ho OH OTKPb!JI nepezt CBOMMH npeCMHl1K<lMH B HOBOM, TQJIhKO r..ITO H~PiaBmeMoI sexe HOBble ropM30HThI, HOBbIe npoerpanCTEa, H<L KOTOPhlX ,lIOmKHbI 6blJIH P;Cl1:CTBosan. areirrsr CBHuremsoro .MbHHca. AHrJm:f;IcKMe epeTITI<J;I 60Jlee FIe rrpe:L'(cr<J.BJlRJIf.I c060a 06beK'r nepaocreneaaori 'BaJKHOeTM.

102 3PIiIK ¢PATI11HH

[nABA l:lETBEPTAH

HOBbIE rOPI130HTbI (1605-1644)

Ycra HX M.lIl"·le xacna, a B cepane ax Bp~a; C1JOBa RX He:lKl1ee enea, HiD OHH C5n'b o6a:l:lKeL*!hle M'e"lH.

nCaMf.'6t, 54, 21-22

AneKcaH)J;p M~;n;Htrn: sonrens wcropru.o cxopee KaK BbI;O;aKJIl~MHDI nmaou, qeM Ka.l( nana PBMCKHW . .At.teKCaH,ll;p, rrpaaanJIDIGIBUlm\j: K uesaa-nrrensaoaaeraa SHaMeHHToro cpnOpeH'1.'JI1".HCKOrO poaa, cran H,ll,eanbHhJM arcnroacaaaaaa na CJI)OKoe Y caoero ;n;BOlOpOAHOrO 6p:iTa" Be;1Ui1KOrO repuora TOCIozaH.xoro I<a;aHMHpa I, a 3aTeM, MHOro ner crrycra, aa cJTY)K6e y II~mbI lVIHMcHTa VIn.

B 1596 rotzy' nOHTl1cp:HJ< nocaan A.rreKcaH;n;pa Me,1JJi""lU: BO fPpaHUi>fr0 c 3::U:~;lfI:H'eM ,cr;06HTbCK OT reHpMxa IV rro~T5epj\.W~HH.l3: norosopemrocrea c PKMOM, 3-aKlIIOt:J.eHHhIX IIpM IIP1'lH.QTMl1 11M KaTOJI11'feCKoil: aepsr, peopraaxaauaa cppaH'lY3CKO:H: u.epKBH H ycraHOBJIepUUI npO'fHOI"O MKpa C ¢IHlIun- 110M II, t:J.'I'O OTKPbIlIO OhI ;l:l;Opory p;nn 3aKJIIO'feHI1H BepneaI «oro ,D;OrOBopa1 KOTOPbIH: 6blJJ nO~TIMCaH 2 M~UI 1598 :I1' TIO/II ])KI-IJI 'KOHen; BOHHe1 c 1595 rop;a l1c'ro~aBllieH o6e CTpa"HhI.

Kap;WiI"Han MePtl'l'ttH B TeqeHliIe ,liI;Byx neT9:lHIiIMaJICfI TeM, 'I 1'1) srarrpasaan ):!,SH)KeHHe <I>pam.:t;H~l K KaTOJlHll,113MYl'I C03- ,111:1:11 urapoxyio Illl"IHOHCK)'ID eers, xoropas p;eticmoBaml na 11 rr TeppMTopm-r crpaHhl 11 nOChIJIaJla ,,Il;OKlIa)J.bI CBIDLl,eHHOrq,' Mbsmcy. BepayBr1IUCb B PHM, OH 6:bIll npHHHT HapO,l1,OM 11 IfllIiM rrarrori, IVIH.MeHToM VIII, KaK llCTHHBbUi repoH. npaSk

104 3PMI< ~PArrHHl1

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Ilocne cssepra KnKMeHTa KOHKl'I<l.B 0l<a.3aJlCJ.I paanenea HOI.

TpM rraprna: l1CmlHCKylO, <ppeHI_(y3CI<yro H TeX", KTO 6bm. no}KaJIOBaB 13 Kap,n;w-aaJIbl CaMl1M rrmUfBI1IHM nanoa. KaH,llHAaT 3THX Kap,ll;HJ·raJIOB He npouren, 3aTO npomerr KaH,ll,M,g;a.r HCnaaues M CPP:U"II.:(yBOB,K0TOPhlC 11 anpezra 1605 rona M36palUI mmoi'i Ane'I<)caHp;pa MC,ll;WHI rIOA HMCHeM JIeB Xl ~Iepe3 nrecrnsanars ,lJ;Be'lit CMlIbHO npocry.n:mmIHM.cH BO BpCNUI rroCMm;e:H.M;Jl! JleTpaHe rrana CKOHqar:rC.R. B MCTOp1lI1. CB&~eHHOro .Mb:lIHCa OB OCraBmI Ci1e,q cxopee Ka.K Kap,!!;l'IHaJJ: Me;ZJ;l['qH, t.;{CM nana JIeB XI, nOToMY 'qTb .HMeBHO DB C03,n;an O;ZJ;By H3 ;ryqIllI1X nancxax areH'I)'pHbIX CeTcH 130 '!f;IpaHLUIH -3Ta cers rrpononxana paeorars noqTH ,[(0 HarrOneOHQBCKOH 3nOXH.

TIpeCMHHKOM .A.rIeKCaH,!J.pa Me;tl,Hqyr ua npecrone CIDITOrO TIerpa 6:cr1l KapA~U:lan KaMMlIO Boprese, npa}UlBIllHH KMJI IlaBen v., eMeHeU; no rrpoacxosxnemeo, Boprese 6naro,!l;apa rrry- 60KOMY 3Ha:SI1EO ropHcrrpy;n;CHIJ;HI1 6bIll nocnaa nanon B 1593 rom'1i Ma,gpM,[(. TaM y Hero YCTaHOBl1{[l1.ChTeCHble I(OHTaKTbI C BhlCllHMM JU1U;aMM .K'OpOnCBCKoro zmopa 11 ~aJKe c GIMHM cI>IDIHlliIOM II. B Harpa,rzy sa em Tpy,n:bl B HcmmHH rrana KnHMeHT Vill nO}l(an013<l.n: em KaP;qHHaJIbCKH.M rrypnypox, a B 1603 l'oi!1.y cnenan K1lp,n:HHaJIOM-BHKap.HeM PHM::t.

Tlocne cKopOnOCTIDI<:Ho:f.i KOHqHHhl ]IbEa XI pa3HOTnaClU:!

B KOHKll3SC YCl1Jll1JThl:Cb. fIcmlH.IJ;hI, nOMepJlQiBaeMble cppaHll',ysaMl:f,B'bICTaSJIRJIH CBOIO KaH);I,H,[larypy, HO nenaa rpynrra l<ap,n;.rumJIOB ee oraeprana, B xoane KOHU;OB KaMHJIO Boprese, KOTQPblH, HecMOTpH Ha TO qTO nonyqan ,2J;eHeJ>RlHOe coaep)!QHl1e OT cllMlJ,I1.nna II, ,!J;ep2KaJlCH aa BTOPOM II.l'laHC Ii He r:IpHHMMaTI yqacrH5l 13 cnopax, OKa3aJlCH e,n;.HHCTBCBHOii KaH,,liI;EI,ZJ;aTypOM, no KOTOPOH Mor 6bITh :n;OCU:IfH}tt xoaceacyc. 16 MaH 1605 rozra rrana 6ibIilI Hs6paw. HOBbU1: [lOHTHCPHK 6bIl'I 1!l:e.rIOBeKOM, ClUIOHHBIM K rny601<';rtM pa3MhIIIllIeE:HHM, 6Jlaro.n:apH t>JeMY rrpHHlI'l'Ide Ba~IbIX pemenaa OTKJJap;bIBanOCb na