Fill in the missing word(s):

“Shivesh loves computers. Before his father bought

him a computer, he thought he would never be able
thinkhe was clever enough.
to learn. He didn’t ________
But now he’s a real professional!”
like
“If Shivesh didn’t _________ computers to begin
with, why did his father ________
buy him a computer?”
“He __________ to encourage him. He knew that
wanted
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”
Tense: Definition

- a grammatical category of verbs used to

express distinctions of time
 Types of tenses
Pres tenses
present simple
present continuous
present perfect
present perfect continuous
Past tenses
past simple
past continuous
past perfect
past perfect continuous
Future time
simple future
Future continuous
Future perfect
Simple present:
USES: to express

- a habit
I go to work by car.
- a fact that stays the same for long time
He works in a bank.
-a fact which is always true
The sun rises in the east.
Present tenses: Simple present
Forms: positive
Subject Verb
I 1st form
you
we
they

he
she 1st form + s
it
Simple present: Negative

Subject verb
I
You
They don’t+1st form

He
She doesn’t+form
it
Simple present: Question

Do I 1st form?
you
we
they
Does he 1st form?
she
it
Present continuous:

USES: to express
An action that is happening now
- I am writing a test at the moment.
An action that is true but not happening at
the moment.
- I’m doing a French evening course this year.
A planned future arrangement. (example)
-I’m meeting a doctor this evening.
Present continuous: Form

Subject Verb
I am (not) 1st form+ing
‘m
You are (not)
We ‘re 1st form +ing
They
He is (not)
She ‘s 1st form +ing
Present continuous: Question

Am I 1st form+ing ?

Are you
we 1st form+ing ?
they
Is he
she 1st form+ing ?
it
Present Perfect: Uses
1. To indicate completed activities in the immediate
past (with just); as,
He has just gone out.
2. To express past actions whose time is not given and
not definite; as,
I have never seen him so angry.
3. To describe past events when we think more of
their effect in the present than of the action itself;
as,
Gopi has eaten all the biscuits.
Present Perfect : contd.
4. Never used with adverbs of past time.

Incorrect: He has gone to Kolkata yesterday.

Correct: He went to Kolkata yesterday.
Present Perfect: form

Subject Verb

I have (not ) 3rd form

You
We have (not ) 3rd form
They

He
She has (not ) 3rd form
it
Present Perfect Continuous:
Uses
- used for an action which began at some time in the
past and is still continuing

He has been sleeping for five hours.

For / Since

For: for the duration of time

Since: for the point of time ( . )
Present Perfect Continuous: form

Subject verb
I have (not) 1st form+ing
been
You For,
We have (not ) 1st form+ing since
They been and
time
He
She has (not ) been
it 1st form+ing
Past tenses: Simple past

Uses:
- A finished action in the past
Josh went two minutes ago.
- a situation or a habit (examples)
When I was a child, we lived in a small house.
Past tenses: Simple past

Forms: positive
Subject verb adverb
I
You 2nd form of the yesterday
We verb three weeks ago
They
He
She
It
Simple past: Negative

Subject Verb
I
You didn’t+1st form
We
They
He
She
it
Question:

question subject verb

Did I 1st form ?
you
we
they
Did he 1st form ?
she
it
Past continuous: Uses

- An activity in progress at some time in the past

At seven in the morning I was having my breakfast
- A situation or activity during the period in the past
Jane looked lovely. She was wearing a green cotton
dress.
- An interrupted activity in the past (examples)
When the phone rang, I was having a bath.
Past continuous:

Form
subject verb verb

You were (not) working

We
They
I was (not) working
He
She
It
Past continuous: Question
Question subject verb

Were you working?

we
they

Was I working?
he
she
it
Past perfect tense: form

subject verb

You had 3rd form of the verb

We
they
I had 3rd form of the verb
She
He
it
Past perfect tense:

Uses:
- Describes an action completed before a certain moment

in the past; as,

I met him in New Delhi in 1996. I had seen him five
years before.
 Simple Past Tense
He came to my house.
Past Perfect
I had already left.
He came to my house
after I had already left.
 Simple Past Tense

He came to my house
after I had already left.
Th
is a
tak ctio Past Perfect
e
far s pla n
t h c
the e rb e
pas ack
t. in
 Past perfect continuous:

Uses:
- used for an action that began before a certain point
in the past and continued up to that time; as,
At that time he had been writing a novel for two
months.
Past perfect continuous:

Form

I had (not )been 1st form+ing

You For,
We since
They had (not ) been 1st form+ing and
time
He
She
it
FUTURE: Simple future

Form:
will/shall+1st form of the verb
Uses:
-used to talk about things which we cannot control
You will know your result in a week.
-used to talk about what we think or believe will
happen in the future
I think Pakistan will win the match.
Future continuous
Form:
will be+1st form+ing
Uses:
-to talk about actions which will be in progress at a
time in the future.
I suppose it will be raining when we start.
This time tomorrow you will be attending some
other class.
Future perfect Tense

Form:
Will/shall+have+3rd form of verb
Use:
To talk about actions that will be completed by
a certain future time
I shall have written my exercise by then.
He will have left before you go to see him.
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at
home this morning.”
leave
“Where did you ____________ them?”
left
“I ___________ Did
them on the table. __________ you
see them?”
“ No, but youdon’t
_________ have to worry. I won’t
lock the door.”
be/have/do as main verbs:

You are being stupid!

Dan has had too many absences.
What did you do last night?
Let’s Practise....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
did
“What __________ you say?”
have to____ play the radio so loud?”
“Do you _____
have to_____. Do you _________
“No, I don’t ______ want me
to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _________
want me to
lose my hearing.”
?
V
Forming Yes/No Questions
Take the first element of the verb and put it before the
subject:
I can believe it.
Can you believe it?
I’ve been there.
Have you been there?
 Let’s Practise....
Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
__________________ ?:
.Have you been hiding
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: _________________________________
udying aARIK:
lot Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to __ do well in my exams.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really
too much. Do
That’s
you why I’mhav
still e that
always part-time job
so tired.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as
much as I’d hoped to save!
been able to save any money
 Ask the right questions.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisements.
How old are they
___________________________________________
MAC: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so
old. Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: ?Why are you getting rid of them
___________________________________________
MAC: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not
allowed to keep them.
___________________________________________
? X: Why aren’t you allowed to keep them
MAC: I don’t understand it either. They don’t
bother anyone.

X : When can I take them?

MAC: You can take them whenever it’s convenient.

I’m always home.