Consider an electron is moving in circular orbit of radius r, where the total magnetic flux through the

orbit is f and the flux density at the orbit itself is B. this magnetic field B is perpendicular to orbital plane.
The e.m.f. induced in the orbit is given by:

−dφ
ε=
dt

edφ
This work done on the electron of charge –e, in one revolution is given by – εe which equals . If F is
dt
tangential force on the orbit, the work can be given by F 2 πr . Hence

e dφ
F=
2 πr dt

A radial