Animals & Their

Environment
By: Ipeh & Jiny
 General Principles of Ecology
ECOLOGY – how organisms interact with one
another and with their environment
ENVIRONMENT – living and non-living
components
• ABIOTIC – non-living component or physical
factors as soil, rainfall, sunlight, temperatures
• BIOTIC – living component are other
organisms.
 Animal As
Heterotrophic
Organism
eukaryotes Have no cell wall.

Capable of moving
heterotrophic

Multicellular
Food Chain & Food web
ENDOTHERMIC
AND
ECTOTHERMIC
ANIMALS
Endothermic Animal

Rhinoceros roll in
cool mud to coat
their skin (this also
prevents sunburn).

Elephants flap their ears,

to cooling their blood.
They also take baths at
mid-day to cool off.
 Ectothermic Animal

Lizards hide under

rocks to escape
the desert heat

anemonefish, have a
body temperature
close to the water
around them.
Biogeographic Rules

Bergmann’s
Allen’s Rule
Rule

Gloger’s The Egg

Rule Rule
 CONCEPT
TEMPERATUR
E-TIME
Time is an important factor to
development & growth

They have a linear relationship

There are a time-temperature

combination (Physiologic time) for
ectothermic animal
Physiologic time scale for development of grasshoper
Austroceies cruciata
2
8
24
20
16
ercentage development per day

12
8
4
0
6 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
Condition and Resources as environtment
Condition

1 2

=> Abiotic factor that different in time and place, be responed by Living things in
different way
Resources

Þ Somethings that consumed by Organisms/livingthings

- Esential
- Subtituante
 Limiting Factor and Law of Tolerance

• Limiting factor
- Liebig’s Law of the Minimum
(do You remember?)

• Law of tolerance
V.E. Shelford
to state the tolerance degree=> steno & eury
• Law of Tolerance
 Species as ecological indicator

• A species that can survive in certain physical

environtment
Thankyou So Much