DAEIKH EPEYNA. 22; 98-106, 2008, Ixéon tng SvuntKris efatpicoSianvoris Kai tov vSarKkod eAAeippatog Katdé Thornthwaite pe tn Sao1Kn BAdotnon tng EAAdSac¢ M, PkouBds!, &. Svorpdxnc?, K. OcoBepdnovitos?, N. Laxethapiou' xar A. PKxov6ds! Wwornosto Epevuse Tepi8étRoxtos Kar Bidorns Avéntens, E6viKs Actepooxoneio AGnviiu # Institute of Silviculture, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg *Epvaowipio Aaonsic Boraviaric - FewBoravtic, Exch Agoohoviac xai Peowos TleprBarovios, Apratotéheio Tlaveriontiuo @ecaahouskns NEPIAHYH Kenomponouduas ta Khpaund Se6onéve 105 perewpohoyinay ora®aGv and dhn inv EAndBa vnodoyioinkav o: "upés ing pong extioias Summa eorpiooSianvons (PE,,) kar tov eviorov vbauxov eMeippatos (D.,), Suga ue 1n peBoBohovia unohovionos tov vBauxos reozvyiow katé Thomthwaite Kat eferdomKe n oxéon tous ye xn BaciK Badornon amv nepioxt avuy raw craBpv. BpeOnke 6u oe Béypayya ye teryNEvN to ertiono wBauxé EMeuHa Ka reraynéen my exfiowa Sunnie efanpooBranvor eruruyxaveta: kahstepn BidKpion tov eAAnuaksiy Saou Gianihdoe- ‘oy, ané Kupanut's Gnowns, oe a8yKpion eto Kypauké Bidypapua Emberger. Me inv npooBrixn tov Befian Bepwvic ‘vyxévipa@ons tov Thomthwaite (C,}. 0 onofos anotehe’ eupeoo Belkin nneypouxdintas tov KAipatos, 1 Bid ray Saomav Siantdocav oro &idypaypa D,, - PE, yiverar oxdpa evxpivécrepn. Eniong, GpéOnke nag to exicio Banks eMAempa onoreAel KarGepo Belkan Tov EnpeBepumy dwvENKGY oe ovyKpION UE tov EnpoBEPHKS Betkan ([X) tov Gaussen, Mapovardzaviar, éhos, eSiadoeis nahivSpépnons Via tov unoPoyIonS, pe iKavonoinnt axes. av Rapapeipav ing Kipamuris xardtagns xetd Thomthwalte and anhovorepes Kupauxés weraBiines, Adferg xheIB1d: Baoikés Brandon, eBapiné vBanné roozsyio, Emberger. Gaussen, Enpacia EIZArOrH H pehéin ing efdnhwong raw eiBaiv Kar caw puto: xoworfte Kar tng eniBpaons nov popei va Exe1 Ce vif to #ha anotehet xpfoqo rouéa tng emotiyng rng yenBoravnrs, sSiaitepa Kaxé tnv tehewrata nepf ‘of0 Gnov ot npoBieipers yia uetaBoAti rou KAipatos Scixvovv avfnon tng Eutaons Enpaaiag (IPCC 2007). TH ovoxeuon peuGe wdipuios nur Ohkowwig Eres noPAdxas anoBex6ei, 100 omy EMAGBa, 00 Kat oro ‘Sarepixé (Kowt6s 1903, Mather and Yoshioka 1968, Kappds 1973, Woodward and Willams 1987, Amigo and Ramirez 1998, Kapétooe xd. 1998, Matzapdxng 6 1998, Araiijo and Pearson 2005, Gavilin 2005). Asv eivat Be Sioxoho va vnoteBel nos wa mIBaL xdyponist adAayrt Oa ennpedoes Kai tn yEwypugiKtt sf4nveqn tg Badornong ae peyartepe fi wKpstEpO SaG}6 (Huntley et al. 1989, Berry et al. 2002, Grace et al, 2002, Ammer ef al. 2005, Gessler ef al. 2007, IPCC 2007). Me don ta napanéves efvar gavept a ovdyan via tm xprion jag xhoumris Kaccagns n ‘oniofa 8a ovoxerizetan He anv efniioon ins Bhdéomnons ins Un6 peAgin neploxtig o€ mavoriomntns enineBo, eve Ovyxpdvas 01 napdperpos ing Ga eivat evxaro va enodoractos Axsipopes wanes napestpor now ExOLY HaKs warpots nporaBer ya tn nepnpagt sow res Ken Xo feta avoxeTIONS toe pew BAsomnon, propaste va BpcBoty roy Tuhkanen (1980), H enix ins exéo1ore Kamornis xaxée&as eapeétar eds tow Gatore ond ra aon naperanpiots me NepIOKS, xe Siéema Wonxs Kal dha BeSoxéva, Kobe ar ané env frraon orn’ ofa Hpayexoncstet 8 epevve, Tig whewoies Bexactis, ong nepioostepes Boca “MIKES Kal UTOKOIV@VIOnOyIKES EpeuATIKES Epyaoies nov agopoWy tn xspa Has, Exe emporio n xorton cng wacmnts anerng word Emberger ke 1 Bok Haters Kardtagn UNESCO-FAO via inv nepiypagri tow rajctnsv ovwOnKSY Eng NepIONS peAEENG (Bavdero et Quézel 1976, 1980, Theocharopoulos 1985, ‘Theodoropoulos et al, 1995, Kapétoog x.4, 1998). Me in Borieia tov op8poBeppiKod miikov tov Emberger (Q,} at ng néons ehdsnorns OepyoKoaaios 09 Wexnstepoe jive, nov ouUBoNectes ye xo ats94 M Prowtos x6 voduna m (Mavpoppdins 1980, Nahal 1981), o¢ °C yiorims n Bidpian tov opéowv Kar vnoopsoov tov pedoyeraKos BioxAjatos (Mavpoppdins 1980) “Oyins, KaBkig to opBpoBepuIKE nntiKo ekapréra 6vo and 10 pkoo exiow Syos KaTaKPHEVIOHEIEN, Se ive! ongH endva ing évtaone Kal ins BidpKcias sng EnpoBephnntig nepi6Bov, yEyovds 10 onofo ano- rehei onpavinin AAayn yia to weooyeraKs xGpo. ag n éetaon Enpavias caps KoBOpizetat Ks aNd tn Bxipxeid tng. To Keys avi6 avananpdiverat and ta cubpoBepyind Sraypspuara Kar tov §npoBsppind Bet sing X tov Gaussen, pe cov onoto enwppdzetai n évraon, ai n Biépusia ing EnpoBepunmtic nepIdbow jéow TO owvodikas apiyes tav Biohoyind Spay npepdv {UNESCO 1963). ‘Ag nar Sev appioSnretan kahit oxton raw Bo ‘auGy Blordperiksiy Katardfeuw Re rovs Bid@opoLs TGnovs Bidotnang oro pesoyelaKs xp, Cewpeitar 6a pen xprion Bia@épav napaErpeW Ins HGTiRS atavagng Kara Thornthwaite (Thomthwaite 1948, Thornthwaite and Mather 1955, 1957, Tuhkanen 1980) sivar Suvardy va entevxBei xadwitepn npooey- vlan tov npoBhripatos tng ovoxéuong peray KAparos ai Bidornang oIov ERinviKS xK90 Bao npouadécon ya pid aetuxnpéen wdiout atérafn efvat n xprion wikpov api®HOU petaBAntv 01 onojes va pnopowy va exepdoovy ovvbvaouKé kar efioov noronKd ug MANPApEpIes OV avAowwat and in xprion nepiaootepew anhav petabintcv, Mia céto1a peraBhne even co exon vbanx6 eAPetpna (D.,) ing Khupauirig karétagns Thomthwaite (Thornthwaite 1948, Thomthwaite and Mather 1955, Tuhkanen 1980}, Bi6t ya tov eohoyIOLS tou Viale npSY ing xphowonoieitar n Giagopd Bpoxdrnwons-e€ary ‘ooBianvorig 1600 tow IpEKOVTOS HNvES. 600 Kat Ta nponyoxpevav, RapBavopvns undyn xat ing S1cBe- nine eBapuaig wypacias, aKSun xt av or eBapines vBpavdasés iSidintes, Adywo Bvoxoriag on ovthoyri ororciny, evan poutehononpéves Tlepioodtepes Aentouépeies via thy epapuoys ing 1ue8380u phepow va avaovpBoty ans tig Napaxar epyacies: Thomthwaite (1947, 1948), Thomthwaite ‘and Mather (1951, 1955, 1957), Kappas (1973), ‘Tubkanen (1980). To D,, oxetizeta: dpsaa je v0 weve os Ka tn Bxdipxeia tng Keranéunans (stress) Snpaaiac. oro onofo undxervtar ca gerd, x1 emiBind apummnd oF va peydho apiOns puorohoynKay Kar peraBoluKy Biepyaoisy (Flonavactions xa: Noitodens 1992). emnpedaovtas pe avrdv tov Ypdno 1h ye@yparpunt ef hoon eiBsv % @utoxowwaviey (Stephenson 1998) Em (ia whypauus nardcagn 0 BepHKCS KapaKT ov Wijtatog npooSiopizeta: ané inv extiona Be efarmooBianvor (PE,,) c¢ oovBvaous we to Oeprinig ovysévapmons (C,) Ajeet va mpero8ei 61 0: petaBAncés PE... , tov Thomnthuaite avotorxotv oxovs tpeis KOE: unos, xaré tov Masuda (2000), waneatnods nc yovtes ins veovpapnnrs efsinaons tns Bicioxnon: ayxéowia HivtaKG Kai OUYKEKpHREvG a) KOU EVERY ko napdyoura now avuoronxe’ oto Beikt PE,,, \eypaniaxos! napdvorta nov avtracoxxel oto hovd'* tov Aéyou tw KateKpNEWIOREIWY Npos mn Bon efcricoBianvor Katy} roe nepdyouta wexous. H ravop wav Baoikiiy Bani Biaréoeww oF Nay ‘io eninebo ekaprérar and to hoydpi@ue tov ho wy KataKpnumoyéte npos th yéon eufora evn: ‘atprooBianvor Ka and in péon exioxa efaryi008 rnvott (Masuda 2000), éyotou EnAaBis, oe Kano10 Bo 1S, Biaypdyparos pe 10 ekerazduevo D,, - PE, YAIKA KAI ME@0A01 Tha va avaBenBos a misovextiara ing xprio tov extoe vSanKos eRAeijatos (D,.) eva te ‘npoBeppos nadikov tov Emberger (Q,) xo © EnpoBepunas Beixen cov Gaussen (X), GPAG Kat ¢ xrovas Suvmunsis efarnnoobianvoris (PE, 0s Sel: {ov OxppKo xapartipa TOV KANaTOS HES NEpIO Evave tng pong ehawarns Bep}oKpaniag tov WLXe repov pva (mm), ywexar aUyKpION peas avi vdnausy weraBlintSy xpnomonousias ta KAIOT: BeBopeva, nabs Kat 1a SeBoyeva tng SAdotnons Teploxsy tov petewpotownK orev mg epyosic: tov Mavpopitn (1980) 1 muds ins jdong eAdaorns BeppoxPaoias te wwospatepov priva {m) oF *C, 10 onBpo¥e pins dixo 100 Emberger {Q,) Kos © SnpoBepunés Beiians rov Gaussen (X) voy 105 eRAnvnxey petswpohoyiss oxcQquiv (Mivakas 1 xa: Exxsva 1) ehvig@noay an: oes avtiororxovs mivaxes tng epyaoias tov Mi edn (1980) Ta tov ‘Brows 105 exaBu0ds ehrigGnoay 01 woes Lnviaies més KaraxpAvIoUsKeY Kai BepyoxpacK tne exons cov vnakoytayd ing evvicias Bovis ea “wuooBtanvotis (PE, wat tov exvctav uBanikod eRAei ards (D,} rovs, evjxgava pe tn jeBoSchovia uno- owouot tov vEcuni08 ivezvyiou Katd Thomthwaite nog avn nepwypdgeran BiefoEmG and tov Kapp (1973). Ta yéoa pnviala Syn KtoKpnpMORGLEY cI Bepwoxpcotas rav 105 oxadysw nporpxowai ans rove Mapioiénovko Kat Kapaninépn (1955). Mapioovat efor Baus Aaya va Boous ora 95 Emm. 1. Feewyparpit Bravop wv 105 perzopotoymay oradus. Fig, 1. Geographical disinbution of the 105 meteorological stations, ‘énavie (1960), anova (1973), AvBpesi (1978), Méprov-laxo8dkn xa Ausxn-AeBabé-TosheniBaxn (1975), Tie. va eivax Gyeoa ovyxpfaipa ra anotehéoue- a ing naposioas epyaotac ye exeiva tov Mavpopudn (1980), enuhéxBnke n xpfion wo Heteapodoyindiv Be- Souevav ins epyootas tov Mavpopirdtn (1980). ‘Ooov ‘apopd tny noidinta tov petewponoyine BeBopévaw at inv tehn emnoys Tov pere@poroyiKay craGuy, ‘viverat extevrig avaqpopd omv epyaoia tov Mavpoy hci (1980), Na Sievxprviote’ 60 © undroyionss 10% ‘pBauxot roozvyiov xard Thomthwaite éyive yia eB6qn be wrovdinta Karaxpdmons wares FC = 300 mm, kar in oxéon nov cuvBéal tn ovoowpevpevn Bue ‘andhe1a vBaxos (APWL} pe to anofinxevpévo eBapixd vep6 (S), éxe1 tn oper: st=FC.e™ nas avayépetar, petaKs dthwy, orous Kerkides et al, (1996), Dexter and Avery (1991) xa Jastotia etal. (2009) ABizer e6ts va onuewBef nog 0 eyxos ya mie Gavi ovoxetion tov xdjpatos yet Badomnon, civat ‘onapainto va emxeipnef oe enineBo Suenuusig nt 6x1 npayuaunris BAdomnons, Kotés n teheUra‘a, Ady Eviovav avBponoyevsv emibpdoewy pnopei va éxci teheios Biapopenst Sours Kar asoraon ond nv KhupanKd eheyxcpeun (whiuag), yeyouds to onoio lunopel va empepes onyaviKs o@dua omy avéhven, Me avié 10 oxemixd, xpnoqionomOnke 1» BiéKpion, inmnem¢ now xonatLionoinoe o Mav: popnins (1980). Me Bean ave, oxov eAhaBiK6 xéip0 enpovizovtar 1. O1 Seppouecoyeiaxés Sianhdosig tov Oleo- Ceratonion (xopoumds-aypetatas) pe tn Bepyo~ Bidtepn «cpr Ceratonia siiqua (xapounidic) Ka to wmks Oleo-Lentiscetum pe Xapaxtnpioaxd eiBn inv Pstacia lentiscus {oxfvo) xa wav Olea europaea var. svivesiis (= O. oleaster) (aypie~ aia 2H wypo8ickepn and inv nponyosuevn Heooyeratt ‘Sidraon ing oplds (Quercion ics) xax pahuora © Badxavndc Tinos Ka o Tnos Avatoiinig Me rng BruntoeicMoe 4 HINAKAE 1 - TABLE 1 0) 108 perewpeteynnas oxa®yoi me neAémne tov Mavponirden (1980) pe en oF1pd nov Kacavepovtes orn Enko: = “The 105 meteorological stations of Mavrommatis (1980) study numbered as shown in Figure 1 1 Opeandéa 28 Axiveaio 2 Aiypseayo — 29 hapa. 3 Bowel 30. Neorbm0 4 AbskevSpoimkn 31 Kpomas 5 Kouomyi 32, Kévtou 6 Eros 33 Méxoofo 7 Aaifabims 34K Zayopiow 8 Sixt 35. Tova 9 BEnpivepo «36 ‘Dpduavea 10 Tpaviens 37 Apa 11 Kagéia 7-38 Thsoxboe0 12 too 39° Acrpordeaj0s 13 Xpvoemrh 40. Tp 14 Béppas 41 And 15 Anlrofo 42 Rapa 16 Aagavts 43. Belzorvo 17 @eooahoviey 44 Boho: 18 Sos 4S Exonehos 19 Aovspl @épums 46 Dovput 20. NewXalsnBinn 47 Anos Nixéhaog 21 Apwaio 48 Apo: Badoros 22 Tlodirypo; —«49_Aypino 23 Wa008 50 Meoskérn 24 Karp 31 Pabaiibe 25. Sxomwvit 52 Awooprov 26 Beker 53 Aan 27 Koc 54 Atwtvem 55 56 37 58 59 60 6 a «8 oa 65 66 61 68 69 0 n ‘Aypwoormo — $2 Thipyos Apso 33 Aino Kin 84 KaddBpora Xeaxida 85 Tipe Kéipvaro; «86 Zaxvos Sxtip0s 87 Kogadioni Abiapt05 88 Asuxtiéa Tagen 89 Képropa Avapro = 90 Monn Aoxtiaa 91 Xlog Adria 92 Anpvos Exes 93 Déos Tionavia 94 AvBp0s Aspro 95 Bipos Kopnrdins 96 Nikos, Natio 97 eps “Tpihn, 98 Podos Boriva 99 Eqreia BayBoxod 100 Toepitiog Zeopm 101 TepSaeapa Koonpa 102 parca Appia 108 Papa Kedqudea 104 Avisyews Meeiovn 105 Xawée Kumapiooia Avkplecea Aqaba oyeiow, Snow n Quercus ilex efvan piKpsrepns ‘onpasiag Kat unoxaBiorara: ovwriBas and env Quercus coccifera (= Q. calliprinos} A vnoneaoyeiaxnt (f| nupayeuoyesans Sisidaon tov Ostayo: Carpinion pe tis wetaBouKes and us pponyoxpeves Sraniéceis «dyeis» tov Quereetum coctilerae je ta eiBn Pistacia terebinthus (woxope- 6.8), Rhus coriaria (posEs}, Cercis siliquastrum (kowooumd), to Terms Ostryo-Carpinion pe Canpinus orientalis (yaspos), Ostrya carpinifolia fooxpud). Quercus coceifera (npivos) Kat us He raBaniKés «6ypeIg» Npos 15 endpeves Bianhdoes “Snow epipavizovtat xan Quercus traineno (ikaw guttios Gus) Kot n Quercus pubescens (xvoss6ns pos) 4. H vypowpexpebicrepn unopeooyetars Sidnhaon tov vnonnespersy Ceppspiioy quaRoboh. Bposv pe Quercus frainetto. Quercus pubesce: Quercus cons og xapaxanpicm ein 1 opneooyeranes Biendéoeis ing Noview E {AaBos we Cupressus sempervirens (xendpiooos ‘Acer sempervitens (= A. orientale) (ani6ahtic avaroduet opévBapos) ciny Kprizn, AwBexdvne xa Abies cephalonica (kegadanuaxt edd Pinus nigra (pasion nedn} exnv onddoinn Nox Eé6a. ©; opopecoyeiakés Sianhdoas ing B. EAASBe Fagus sylvatica subsp. taurica (= F. moesiac: (nowiaxt ota), Abies xbontsPregis (UO piGuyer's ehdin) wat Pinus nigra (yapa nevxn) Or opopeooysiaaé’s, unatnixés Granhaoe < Pinus sglvestis (Bact nievxn}, Picea _abieumant epoca, Sams Pea vx Boone Bonen 7 P. excels) (epv8pehéan), Fagus spiatica (aon 66) vat ot Bar- aus onednnés Brandons Pinus heldreichi (uevnsSepy0s nes), ot ones, Spas, Sev avanpooenesovra: and wavévay ané tovs eferazspevo0s craBpous. H oxipd we shy onofa nepovorézovrar ‘1 napandves xhyannés BianAdoes tng : SpvoB6oos Quercus franetio to fio H aKSun Han eyattep0 UpslErpO a6 exeivo Tow ora HW, ‘puree. je 1005 xAptes Bdomnons ¥AipaKas_ 1:2000- rg aor Ynnpeoiac, Tlapdtinto, omy unoBiiornc” tev Baa ede Kar pajpng nevkns ota wpHE xxiv tov cra dv Muprapxody xaparmproaNt en ‘Quetcetaia pubesoentis rng Quercetalia es, onde = ‘don and pnoposiy va KaraaxBoty Ge pa and us Bi poavarpepdevec takers Kal On om Fagerata (Barbe et Quézel 1976). Esugava ue wow Nrégn (1973), ache oBkion ing Abies cephalonica éxowy atanaBet mn Be" adas6tepay Bpvobacciv “Eva evSiapépov xaparmpiouK, nov napampeitc cxnw Enéva 2a, efva 10 neyéto e’pos now napovant 1 Bidndaon Ostiyo-Carpinion doov axpopd tn petal D,, n ona pattern da Rexoupyet os pa evpeia pete Gauss adun weak Tov Tom HEGOVEIOKEGY Kat 16) opens Grontdorwy ovpnepmapBavouéims Kat ths Lnopeocyeiawic S:éniaons Orprsinan quiioGa: Spusv. H cnapin avanposwneunrciy Hete«@pchoyNss cxab)xciv tars Brandcea Ostyo-Carpinion aro xec nov opizeict ané us vriopeoewaanés Sraniioes, Bp éqiav @otReBShev Spvaiy pnopet va anoBobel xc {yovouds, du oF nots nepmtos or npsites ancKEAOL cxdBi0 omoBobpouners GraBoxts tow tehevtatiay Aéye ‘unepBsoxnians xa mepxcyus (Nedipns 1973) H Be vnapin pstsopntovxsy oro®asy (aw now coyaaniy Bianidorev Ostyo-Carpinion (Tomdhov ‘Aniggtov, Sroachovisns, Behzotivov kar Néas Moxo ‘udvag) evrds ang neproxrig ing Finds 2a, now opisura Rooofionve Ban Rey wo amas Roca 9 and yeteaporoynnats oxabuous rat Geppoeaoyaaxy Brantéass Oleo-Ceratonion (Awapsa, Arnvov. ‘AuaPaving,Tlaxvias ax Kaopcas) Bev anoxchai mp6: Banyo av Gropnetn crownpayéin Wyn nexéeaN xexé Thomttwaite, Ayo tov Wexpdtepou NEIAIVG, oF ‘rab hoi axxo! rapavatczocy ups tov Bein Bepnnig cowuipioong vata Thomthuwate (C.], Bnhabs tov ocomos ts péons atiows PE nov ovyxevipsiuou o: reg Oeprvot prives (Kappds 1973}, petaky 51.9% nat 563%, yevousS Nov Tous Katadode orov WEKIS Tino b,', Eve caeivor tev BepuoRecovEaKAY Blane cea Oleo-Ceratonion avrxovy otov riquatd win b,” (48% C, <51.97). Afie va onueroOe! eB éu nope rnv ovoptoia 180, 0 Beiking C, anotehc eueoo Sean eiperxcaaas Hi oxeandentas (Kappéig 1973} xan ov veniis Bian Spuucintas tov xepsdva, Exny npoxexaein Aepioon. to pons Biéypanna Emberger «patvsrat va unepéxet Esovu tev Baypdypotes D,, ~ PE,, nag Bev wporara neon Kons nepiontig tow Bepjioueoo: Yyoanoy Bianticeiy Oleo-Ceratonion Kat tay Unops- coven Branhdioewy Ostyo-Carpinion, To yeyouds ‘cxpetitax om prion me petaBAinnig m, Be Opa up ave to 3°C, xd tng onoiag navouy va eppovtovta! or Beppoueooyerakes Bianéaess Olzo-Ceratonion Ervar aire ot oxo ayienke Sidypauia Emberger © BaBids Enpcentos tov Hhitetos Bev ekopnenar v0 and to Q,, atPé eat ond 10 m, Evypaca ue tov Nahal (1981), 0: kapmies Siaxpions ta BiowpatKey ops ‘pa ovo Btypouyia Emberger even Kenhmeves, 6158 660 heveitepo give to m, soo weyartepo pene va eva, ai to Q, ya tov 1510 Gaps Spacing, Ho onyeio ans Spiker kar n entexia tov KpMKOd Biaypduaros Eniberger. ev eva resaio 6x o1 Retuerto and Carbaleira (1990) Bprixay on pera: 80 wPiuamkev peraBAncv, Now eemnoax. ipa evar axcves nov NaBOWT TOV KUpLGLEpO to om yeaypagin’ efénkwon ree qs omy BA Jonavic: n con chao SepuoKsacia tov woxpdtepoe bfva, 10 ou po8epunks rnkiko Baudier (aa Yoononom- ven noir! rov oy8po8epuKos miko Emberger wat 10 100 nuleprie BeppoyEtpHK e5pos tov YUxBSKCpOY iva, Eovensig 10 xhiua 2u6s ténov npooBiopaal cand xo onvfoarps tow updiv Q, Kat m eto Bxéypaypa Emberger kat 6x nepovuitva an x48 wa ta Bv av. ry peteBinv. Tia to Réyo avis Katto Bowie 2uB0 rejmons tw Gipsy Baconovmcy AB Ken poxoKot ‘vou Bev ke@apiste: and ys vmpdyen nepiont oe ve 1600 Bxivpaye (wea perern Kat joa AAT BH wv Q, xan m), id and Biagdpaw nopesy emupaveres coxnpanzovtas ns eySpeves GoxaUnES nepIOxEs La Biappa Saoonovnssy ekéy H gutoxosandy (Nahal 1981}, Qoréoo at ye ave in Bexipnon, nds paiverarn nepoxt toe Sieypappatos D., - PE, ebanios ans eon vvéctepns iaboxrs tay Siapdpeov nina Badomans and 1s Snpdtepes nar Beppdtepes neproxss tov Braypan patos "ApOS TS WoXpETEpES Kax VYREREDES RepIOXES ALTON, OF ‘oxéon pe to Khyyarns Btéypapya Emberger. Tipéne, enions, va enpewsBei nog undpxovy ony ‘urd nepi®dipna Behtioons mg weBSB00 unodovouos tov vBauKoN woayiow Sour va avuKcrontpi2e HE He: ‘yahtepn axpiera ug npayponnes whwanxes owvevines, koBig je tm nopovoa petoborovia Se Aatavorat ‘undiyn a} n oxetua eypasia eng anadogaipas, 0 npOGR: varatiouds Kain Khon tow whue, peta 01 onoies netaBéPAowy to evepyeiars wooavyio evss tdnoe Kat Kens ‘owéne tv évtaon ing efmcoBianvorig (Shevenell 1999, Stemberg and Shoshany 2001), 6) eBaquses we ‘aBiiss, éneos via napaBexa 0 Wino Ka! to BBs To a64igous, 01 onoies aPinhemBpowy we ng whiners Ka emnpedzow tv évraon &npaoiag (Floret and Pontanicr 1984, Giitner etal, 2008), Tapaitinta, npn eSapuaie vGaroikavstntas tev 300 mm, nov xpnexHonoseieal ans ‘nv hypauast kardon Thomthwaite (Kappés 1973}, 6 vai ndRov unepBofue, RepBévovtas undipn 10 OxeUKG Kp6 84005 tov cAhnvmy Boome eBayse. atid Kan 1 veyouds oun Bia éopN ya 1a @ued eBaguc vypacia anotehel wiqua mg mavéinras kavaxpémons (Canal x05 1990) Anoun, os peiovékmpa tow Biayodpatos D., -PE,, nope! va Bewpnein eninown epyaota now anaRefen is Tov enoRoyious axe wav NepaipaY asupevA YET eBofotovia tov Thornthwaite, To epndbio avts Sys sxe ev nooks fenepagtel pe m xprion nAeixpovuci ‘notoviordy kai B1GgOpHY MPOYPAHKWW Nov ExovY fehaGei axpxBg ya to okon6 a6 (Hoermann 1997, Starr 1999, Matzarals et al, 2000), Anotehel wordoo, cnyavuné mAeovestnpa, ott va tov encom rox ieamviow UBarog rude nue PawBaverar ondyn 10 veps nov axoowpedinKe oro eBapog and ug Booxomaoeis nponyospeviny nepIc: Sav. xan nov agevos anoBibe1 xaivtepa tv npayya- ‘uK6umta Kai agerépoL Bev pnopei va enntewrGel pe m xption doy yootiv ehpouxdy Bernt Enpdtntas Lwypasias, dns mx. o1 Beittes tov De Mastonne nat Pinna (Baltas 2007), Tehos, afizei va onyewodet, 6 ya m peraBine\ D,, © Stephenson (1998) vnoomplac: nas eivar wa Gictoyned onpavencs, pearos voripacos Wupati pe TaBhnut, n onoia oxetizetar pe mn yewypagun ef4nho fon tay pore t6oo oe toMmK, doo Kat GF NayRSoM whiuaxa, Aveta to Wipauxé Béypappa Emberger100 MTeoubis «6. xe1 epapuOYT uSvo Via ta LeooyeraKé Kata (Mav: pounding 1980), yeyouss nae nope va dpe epatiucte ov apopd mv KaaRAnASmNd tov yia tn pehen e100- ‘yois Eewnia eiB 300 mm, eves to 83% Tov cTagHaY Tov PeooyENGKGY Granhdoewy Quercion ilies napovexéze: D,, < 300 mm. Tlopaiin= a, Braxpivera wat n crouoaKd onpavunt BiagopG OE ‘onaxtioais B1a8Eo1png vypaciag neaks rwV OpoLECO -yetaKaww Srandioewy ing N. ENAGBag and m Brsnthaon Ostryo-Campinion, 10 onofo Be ovpbaiver pe xn xprion, ng peraBiinats X. Tlapditinia we sow eyxo via oranouKé onpa- nes Bropopés Heraks Lov Bianddocwv, cvBiapépor napovorize Kat n yeén Tov Onkoypayneitaw (box plots} via tay efayayti ovpnepaopdtay wg npog inv atavouri tov Branhdoemy oF oxéon we ug peraAntés D,, kat X (Bix. 3) ‘And tny Eix6va 3a Siaxpivera: 6x pe tn xprfon ins etaAnntg D,, naparnpeita: mo Gexd8opn whiwdxcoon, 10 oe o = & an S27 20 NS zpegT? - pede ix. 3. Onxypouno ins notavopig tow Sionadoca Bhdomons o€ oxéon we us peraBdAnnés D,, () wan X (8) Fig. 3. Boxpiots ofthe distribution of forest formation with respect to variables D., (a) and X (b). ing BAdamnons, and Sianddoeis 01 onoies cnanrowy Lynhes ns Bia8Earpng vypaciag npos us Bionhaoeis nov avfvouv oe r6nous ue peydito vBauns Menino. Efaipson anosehei n Sigehaan Osriya-Carpinion énov paiverar va efanrdvera oe peydho evipos tov Befkan vBanikos erAeKratos, anoteAdias ja evpeia peta: Bauxti B1rhaon, xapis capri Giaxapiops tow anor rrioedy mg o¢ G1a8éoIpn vypaata aN6 us opoeCo- \yeiaxeés xa! ng tumiKd peooveraxés Branhdoes (Bhéne ‘enions Esk. 2}. AvtiBera, pe tn xprion tov Enpoe pit os Bein X (Ein, 38), n Bxdxpton pera mg Ostryo Carpinion kai mg Oleo-Ceratonion efvar mo Sexd@apn ‘oe oxéon pe th xprion tng poraBAnnig D,,. H onepoxs vii ogeihera: oto yeyouds nies n Siaypoponainan tov vnopeooyeiaxiv Bianhdeeuy Ostryo-Caminion and ‘us Beppopeooyaiaxés Bianhdoes Oleo-Ceratonion civar n @Rayn Geppdgitwy aBav, énos Pistacia lentiscus, Olea europaea var. syivestis xo Ceratonia siliqua efaning tow nayerev at Gxt efartiag nepioos. teow Bpoxomidacav to KahoKalpl, ya BxdKpion now Bev pnopei va ensceoxGe ye sn xprion as yeraBiinnis nts 1 D,,, 1 onvie Be vopnepisanBaver Depponpaor ‘axes petadhntés, Eniong, efva anapattite va onets- 8! nag 1600 Ye tn xprion ing peradiinas X, 6oo Kar jie n xptian tng petaBantig D,,, nposxpav crac ‘onpavanes Brawones peraks av S80 aviv Bran cewy, Eninpdodera, ye 10 avvSvaou6 mg D,,, au ing PE,, (Eu. 2a}, ermuyxdverar kahttepn Bidpion raw Bantdoemy avesv ané xhyaurrg Gnoyns Bra napandve npéner va oupnepihnepOel Kai 10 heovexmya mg avuxatdovacne Bio wetabinty {Q, kai X) and wa {D,,), Gnas eniong Kat 10 yevyouss 6t yia tov untahoviays Yor LBanKE woxyiou Kara Thornthwaite anaxosva p6vo ot péoes ynviaies ‘nes tng BepuOKPARIas Ka! TaW KaLOKONHLIONRO. Ta SeSopéva avid elvar ta miéov cuxvd SiaBéoma ‘ya rows jerewpohoyikions oro p0%s NayKoowis, Katt nov 8e oupBaiver ye ne Héoes pnviaies wynEs OXETIT vane, nueady Booxtis. ouidng Kar Bod00v, nov anarovvrai yc tov unchoyioHS so EnpoBepLIKOK Beikin X. Exids avrov, or péoes unviates wpiés mg Peppoxpacias Kat ta’ KataKpnyvIONGraY wnopoty va extinBowy pe axovonointctt axpiBera ye NEpLOXES, Gnov Sev undpxovy jetrmpereyimat craBHoi, péow Brapépav eficdoeav nov undpxovy om G:Bhioypapia {Flocas et al. 1983, Marzapdunc .4. 1998, Foulds ai Eaxehapiov 2002, Tkovtds «4. 2007), Ynotoyiopds PE,, Cy Kar D,, néow eiodoewv nazi poynons Tlapdtinta, ané mv epyacia avi npoékue én n PE, efvan Suvar6 va unohoyioret He KaA oxpiBeva302 M.TouBas cand in yon extra Bepuoxocota wow ctabusv (T,), © Seirans Sepivis ovyierpincns (C,) and 10 p60 envio Beppoperpix6 evpos (EOE) xai 0 D,, and 10 Serkan Enpdumtas tov Pinna (,) (ya mdnpogopies wno- Poyiouos tov Betian avarpeSte orov Balta, 2007}. Karé uveneia, 0 3 avtés perches ng khong Kens rons Thomthwaite unopasy va npoceywo8o8y ent ‘xg and ng napandves Kupannés peraBAmcés Eo skiocoewy young nadwEpéunons, ot onote, Haat Le to ovutehzort npoobioponos (Re), napauBevtat cra Biaypdypore SuswHopds T,, - PE, EOL - Cy, na 1, -D, 1ov Emévaw 4.6, Eenv Ens6va 6 paivera: du + Fiat Phase sBaros D,, npoaevvizeta) wavone:” ‘ond an noawovypins avderoyua 3 rng tov Beti= {upéantas Pinna (L), 0 onos efva: ia tpononomp= ‘vn pop exefvov tov De Martone, axpibeic Bx6u © ‘ow Své2: to jf00 exiro viyos HaLaKpNUIORGLOY H= SepuoKpacias ye cxsive tov Enpctepor ytve (Bale 2007) Agi ve BicuxpoBet oxo onpeio avs 6t Mhaiowo avrrs ins epyaoias BiepewiiBnwe Kat ox con zov Seiten wypaotas (), tov Sei Sopsintas ( Ex. 4. Aiypaya tow np tne udons exfioine GepuoKpaoiag (T..) tov 108 ota uv 0 npos in uéon exons BUTE sSanuosbarnvos (PE, | Fig. 4, Scatter-plat of mean “annual air temperature of the 105 climatic stations with respect to mean annual potentie ‘evapotranspiration (PE, ) DE ("C) 6, = 00846298 + 321°E0E+ 14.6 Re Ene, 5. Aséyponpa tov mp tov jésor errioou Srpyoperpmos etpovg (EOE) a& °C taw 105 oraBysv ws npos ro Seth: Beating avyneurpeoons (C) Fig. 8. Seatterplot of the mean annual air temperature range (°C) of the 105 climatic stations with respect to the summer concentation of thermal eficancy (C,).uxeun eauonbre wane Pq vy Boras onan 108 Dy = -O.01SH? + 1.4156"! - 54 Ie tmmirc) FP-o.69 Ea. 6, Aadypaya te npr i Gpskmag Pha) 1 105 abso npg to ero vans enya (D,) Fig 6, eaer'pot of Pras aly de) of the 108 dna sation wh respect oe ean anus ostare dei D, av tov Befin wypdentas (1,) ng KHaiS KardraENS Thomthwaite we m Bact Bhdornon me EAAABas, atapuzovias va Biaypawuata 1,- PE. L- PE» 1, PE, BosSnke du ondpxei ev BidKpicn tov Bada BiaiPdocay tov eferarduevay 105 oraQusy ndveo oa npoavagepsueva Siaypdpyas, GiAd Bev sivat 1600 eoxptuig 600 oxo Fdypautua D,, ~PE,,. AUIS Bist. oF ev Befices J, kat, eunepucxoud env nepfooete vBat0s, {S), n onofa anoppéer war Be xpnowponoieita: and ra pux6, 0 Be I, unopei va efvar fBi0s yra testing Biago- peenés umes tow D, xox PE, eneibn l= D,,/ PE Tia tov (610 oxoné Karaprionnke Kat vo Bxdypaqiya DB, ~ AE,, (AE,cn ettiows npayyauxsi efaxpiooBianvor Av nat 01 ehinvises Sooikés Branhdoas Biaxpivovtat enmtexds o€ Bidypoypo D,,- AB... Bev evar uprris 10 Bidypayjia avt6 n npotfanon tov Biagépow tiny Bidomong y1a Bepystepa fi yuxpstepa nepiBANRovea, nas ovpSaive oxo Bxéypayiua D,, - PE, Ta Bray ava auté Bev exipavizowrar oiny epyaoia cfantas tow ‘rexty anoicheoustow tovs OF OGyKpION pe to Bid voua D,, » PE, EYMITEPAEMATA, Xepis va aupio8intetar n afia tov Bioxfunanikod Biaypcypatas Emberger (Q,m} xa: tov §npoBepaiKos Beikan tov Gaussen (X), n Katovonti tov Saomiiy Bianddoeay ms ExhdBes (Mavpoundms 1980} ané 1a Enpétepa Kai Bepucteoa neprBéAPova npos xa typdtepa Kar wexpdeepe yivetar evephigatepn BE wn Borer Gioypdnnatos, n terunpéun tou onofov aut Nposenevetar ané to néoo enoro vBauKs ethene (D,) war n teroyeun and mn pgon exicia Bum efatunooSianvori (PE,), enoiovioutves xené xo we SoSorovia tov Thomthwaite. Me xnv npoo®AKn Kat 1pitns nfnpopopas, axeNKG Ue To 1600 Woxpés civ, fo xemives, SnkaBel ye tn GeriBeta tov KAdoEAY toy Beinn Bepitis ovynévtpaons tov Thomthiwaite (C,) n Bidxpion tay Baomy Blanhdocav oto Gidypaya D,, -PE,, viveten axdpa evxprvéotepn, Me Gaon to 6idypayna D,, -PE,, unopetyewixé va ainwBei én oe nepionés He whi B, Kard Thomthwaite xa D, 300 mm efaniivovtan nepiis 01 Beproneno: yetaxes Bianioeis Oleo-Ceratonion, evs ya, <300 mm 01 peooyeraxés Brandoeis Quercion ics. Be nep oxés ue raja B,’ Kate Thomthwaite kon > 300 mm efantawoviat xvpios ot enopeooyeiaxés Bianhéoeis Ostryo-Campinion, via 300 mem> D, >200 mm 01 pe covetanes Branhdoes Quercion iis at yaa D,<200 rn 01 vnopeooyerakés Bianhdoas tov Bepuowior quihobshow Bpusv. Ze nepioxés pe Kina B.” xard Thomthwaite Kat D,<200 mm efanivoar Kepiog 01 unopecoyetanés BiariAéaers Tov Oepuoeiov pur PoBshow Spesiv kat 01 opoueovyeickes BranGoers ns Notiow xat Bopeiov EAAGEOs. Ta nw EXAGi6a ar via vwonerpies evipos 1-1300 'm, owvendic via 10 neyariitepe noooots tng emipdver- ¢ tov eARabiko8 xeipow, o1 weraBntés PE, D,, Ka , propose va unchoviotavy nposeynonna péo% ef ‘orice« ypopunsic nedivSpdpnons ané tn pon evior- ‘aBeppoKpacia (T, ) 10 Beikm Snpémtac Pinna i, a 10 poo exvire Bepuoperpixé esipos (EOF) exxioronse, coe nepimesoeis ueActav tay oxéoeay Khivaros- BAC: ‘emnong énov Bev anartita: Biaitepn axp\Ber, Téhos, eiven pavept n unepoxti ms xprions tov 6 oypduatos D,, -PE,, via m yehétn raw axéoew hi arog xan BRdotnong de OdyxpIon doe HE to KhinaNKStot M. Peas 8 Exdvpayyia Emberger, 600 Kat pe tov EnpoBepuins Bef van tov Gauston. Enonéves xe tv napovioa epyania poteivouye mn xpnomonoinan rov Siaypdnsiaros D., ~PE,, via tov ethabind xap0, BIBAIOTPA®IA AMIGO, J. and RAMIREZ, C., 1998, A bioclimatic classification of Chile: Woodland communities in the temperate zone. Plant Ecology. 136: 9-26. 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Publication in Climatology, 8: 1.68, THORNTHWAITE, C.W. and MATHER, JR, 1957. Instructions and Tables for Computing Potential Evapotranspiration and the Water Balance Publications in Climatology, 10: 185-311 TSELEPIDAKIS, 1.G. and THEOCHARATOS, G.A., 1989, A Bioclimatic Classification of the Greek ‘Axea, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 40: 147-183, TUHKANEN, §., 1980, Climatic parameters and indicesin plant geography. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica, 67: 1-105 UNESCO, 1963. Bioclimatic map of the Mediterranean zone; ecological study of the Mediterranean zone, explanatory notes. UNESCO-FAO, Patis, 69 p. WOODWARD, F. and WILLIAMS, B., 1987. Climate and plant distribution at global and local scales. Plant Ecology, 69: 189-197, (On the relationship between potential evapotranspiration and moisture deficit sensu Thornthwaite with the forest vegetation of Greece M. Gouvas', F. Xystrakis?, K. Theodoropoulos?, IN, Sakellariou * and A. Gouvas' + Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens. > Institute of Silviculiue, Alber(-Ludwiys University & Frelburg * Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, Schoo! o: Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle Universi, of Thessaloniki ‘SUMMARY, Using the meteorological observations from 105 meteorological stations in Greece the values o: potential evapotvanspiraion (PE,,) and moisture defi: {D,,) were estimated by applying the methodology o: the’ soil water balance mode! sensu Thomthwaite ‘Their relationship with the station forest vegetation was examined, It was found that in a scatter-plot with moisture deficit (D,) and potential evapotranspiration (PE,,). the separation of forest vegetation is more pronounced in comparison with the Emberger’s climatic diagrom. With the ws of the index of summer concentration of thermal eficieney (C,), which is an indiect index of continentalt, the separation of forest, formations in the D,, ~ PE,, scatter-plot becomes clearer. In addltion, fis show that moisture deficit is a better index of aridity, in comparison with the respective Gaussen’s index {X). Finally, regression equations for the estimation of the components of the soil water balance model, derived from simpler climatic parameters, with adequate accuracy are provided. Forest formations, soil water balance Emberger, Gaussen, aridity Key words: