Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function

of wavelength (λ). Historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according
to its wavelength, e.g. by a prism. Later the concept was expanded greatly to comprise any
measurement of a quantity as a function of either wavelength or frequency. Thus, it also can refer to
a response to an alternating field or varying frequency (ν). A further extension of the scope of the
definition added energy (E) as a variable, once the very close relationship E = hν for photons was
realized (h is the Planck constant). A plot of the response as a function of wavelength—or more
commonly frequency—is referred to as a spectrum; see also spectral linewidth.

Spectrometry is the spectroscopic technique used to assess the concentration or amount of a given
chemical (atomic, molecular, or ionic) species. In this case, the instrument that performs such
measurements is a spectrometer, spectrophotometer, or spectrograph.

Spectroscopy/spectrometry is often used in physical and analytical chemistry for the identification
of substances through the spectrum emitted from or absorbed by them.

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