ACIDS AND ALKALINE

1. An acid can be define as a substance which on dissolving in water dissociate to produce

hydrogen ions (Acid boleh didefinisikan sebagai bahan yang melarut dalam air untuk
menghasilkan hydrogen ions).

2. All acids contain the element hydrogen.

3. Some common acids used in our laboratory are sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and
nitric acid.

4. Properties acids:

a) Have a sour taste

b) Concentrated acids are corrosive

c) Turn blue litmus paper red

d) Have a pH value of less than 7.

e) React with most metals to give out hydrogen gas.

METAL + ACID SALT + HYDROGEN

5. An alkaline can be defined as a substance which on dissolving in water dissociates to

produce hydroxyl ions.

6. Some common alkaline found in our laboratory are potassium hydroxide ions, sodium
hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide.

7. Properties of alkaline:

a) Have a bitter taste

b) Have a soapy feeling

c) Concentrated alkalis are corrosive

d) Turn red litmus blue

e) Have a pH value of more than 7

8. Acids and alkaline can be only show their properties in the presence of water.
 To show the role of water in acid

Procedure:
1. Put some solid nitric acid into a test tube.
2. A piece of dry blue litmus paper is then put inside it. Observe the color of the litmus
paper.
3. Pour some distilled water into the test tube and observe the color of the litmus paper
again.
Result:

Conclusion:
An acid only shows its properties in the presence of water.

To show the role of water in alkaline

Procedure:
1. Put some calcium hydroxide powder into a test tube.
2. A piece of dry blue litmus paper is then put inside it. Observe the color of the litmus
paper.
3. Pour some distilled water into the test tube and observe the color of the litmus paper
again.
4.
Result:
Conclusion:
An alkaline only shows its properties in the presence of water.