The book on astronomy, mathematics, physics written by Maharshi AryaBhatt. He was the first in the world to recognize that earth revolves around the sun in its orbit. He discovered the value of pi and invented zero, he also defined the trignometric ratios. This is the original Sanskrit work by maharshi aryabhatt.
The book on astronomy, mathematics, physics written by Maharshi AryaBhatt. He was the first in the world to recognize that earth revolves around the sun in its orbit. He discovered the value of pi and invented zero, he also defined the trignometric ratios. This is the original Sanskrit work by maharshi aryabhatt.
The book on astronomy, mathematics, physics written by Maharshi AryaBhatt. He was the first in the world to recognize that earth revolves around the sun in its orbit. He discovered the value of pi and invented zero, he also defined the trignometric ratios. This is the original Sanskrit work by maharshi aryabhatt.
The book on astronomy, mathematics, physics written by Maharshi AryaBhatt. He was the first in the world to recognize that earth revolves around the sun in its orbit. He discovered the value of pi and invented zero, he also defined the trignometric ratios. This is the original Sanskrit work by maharshi aryabhatt.
with the Uonunentary Bhatadipikd of Paramadievura,
edited b'y Dr. H'. K_BJRN.
U~IDEN, K J. BRILL. 1874.
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'I'his flrst edit ion 01' the ,\ryabhatly:1 along with the rotnrnentary of I'arauuldi.;vara is maiuly hused U[lOll tw« manuscripts ill Mnlnyalim rhnrartr-r , Olll' (If th.nu hl'lollgiug to Dr. A. C. lIuJtNRLr., the other ()I)('t~ in PO';dI'BSio!l 01' Wlli:;h a III I now i'unning part 01' tho library of Ow ftoyal Asiatic ~t}('iety, Loudon. Tho lattl'r inunus-ript llatl':; lrom A. D: 1,-;:20; tllt-] fornu-r from A. D. li'G:.I, fur at the end ol' it I lind the li,lltlwillg' note ill Dr. BUll~EJ,I::; hund wnt ing : "ClIl'il'll 1'1'. an Ub :M,I", in tho ('Ii i rukk i I H.:lj:t lihrury, - Writtl'n hy U/Illi l 'uniknr at. Calicut I,-;n:t"
Both JlI~IIII;;t'I'il,t.:; aro derived frmn uno snurt:e , l'itllt~I' inuncdiatvly , 0[' l"t'lIltJlt'],v, whieh i~ clearly I'I'OV('11 by the fiLet thaI. they show the "aliI.' ga.I'~' illdit'atnd ;1.., sneh , afl\il' stnnzu .1-1 of the ,tlh t'eetion, and at thl] end of tilt: «ouuucnt Oil stanza 11'. Apart from a Vl_'ry Ii-w t.rifling «leru-al t'rror~ bot.h r-ontnin l'xactly tlJl: "alllll text,
Ik:,iul'" t.lll.':'l' mnnuscripts I have "OIl"UltI1U OlW lItlll'l' ':lIulailling Al''yal)l,ata'~ tl'\1, I I
\\ ithout connuentary , from lIw lihrary uf LIlt' Hoy. A'l. :-<o~. (:'01". fili of tl", \vhi~h "01- 11,,·filJlI). It. prowl! or litt.l~ use, PXl'I'pt ill 0111' important l'a'l'. It "0 Ila"l'ml~ that 1110
gal' abo VI' meutiuned uxt<'wb over llw 45th stanza 01' the ,ttl! " .. rt ion , and I hat, 11w I·pati·
ing' of tlli~ vel'Y stanza in another cmmnentary , lhl' PmJ<:I,;ik{l, i~ lIlatf'l'iall.v difli'I·\·nf.
from the I'I'arling in the munuscript without commentary. fll::ltmlJl of qr.;:fI~"r~:t.&"fll-
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TlJTrrT the Praki't.;ikli IJ:lR &f.i.fh,;dr*.tPl11JT7TT. 'rho lntter rp:lllillg invnlvvs a groSH
error, as Bhflskarar:irya lias pointed out in his Uolftdhy:iya, Grabaltav:lsan:l, stanza
-tll-5'i, d. Drkkarma-vflsaufl , stanza 16, and the same author's Ualtibt, Uandrugruha-
Itfidhikara, eonnuent on stanza ~O.
From the remainder of I'armmldicvara's comment
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VI
PIIEI'ACE.
on the stanza in question it is , indeed , clear "Hough that Ill' read ~J11~.Ir*l'i°; hut 111 such a matter it is not wholly superlluous to appeal to the direct evidence of rnanuscripts.
'l'hongh tho reading followed by tIll' author of the l'rak:1t;i k:l iA errOlleous, both from all astronomical aml grammnticnl point of view, it call not be denied that. the !'[TOr was [Ill'! of long standing. For we know hy Bhflskara's severe criticiems that Lalla, thran thor of the Dhivrddhidn-Tantrn , had falh-n into the Ramp PITor. Now Lalla is mun: than once ralk-d a clilleil'lc! of Aryahlw.ta, and whi-ther this statement IH! rig'ic]Jr rorrec! or not, lit! c',·rlainly was a conternporaneons writer, for he usrs tit!' same "I'ocll with the latter, as may be ser-n ". [!,'l of tldC' Plli1.ion.
It is by lIO moans H!range that I'arnm.ultcvara , who was wul] r-ad in the II" '!" of Ilh:"'sli:nl'u, di~r"gaf(lcd tIl!! authority of Lalla and t.lH' author of tho l'raicl(;ik:'I. 11. I'; inur« ~Irallg''' that. a gal' occurs ill his wnrk exactly at tIll' er iticul I'a~s:tgc', I rnu not "lll'l're~K till' snspicion thnt 1]1(' defect iH not. owing' to accideut, 11111, that it i,'l an inti-ntiunnl erasure by some f('adc'r who dung to the opinion or Iho j'rak:',<;ik:",.
Pa r:nn(lI11c;vara'R m,a(acli!Jik:lli~, gCllerally speak i Ill-\', a useful ('(1111 mcntary. 1 fOf one 1Il1JBt ('(InfeRS that hilt for its aid the meaning o( many rules in tIll' lr-xt would have remail,,'d ohseure to me. At lhn Haml' lillie it mUH! he grantl!tl that 801111' of hi, "~l'lanat ions, 1'. g. at st. \I of the 4th sect.ion , cnn not IIC admitted to hI) i-orrcct.
I have not heen all]!' to find out tlil' timr- of l'ar:ulllul1o;vara, hut. this much is certain that I,,· is IIIIHt erior 10 Ruryaclcvu- Yajvan , the author of the llhatnpra.k:lc;a or Prak:l,;ik:l, whom lie frequently quotes. 'I'lie Praki'l~a iH hrre and there more prolix, uut contalus after all no wort' information than the mor« reer-nt Dipik:l. Copiea of it an! f:IT from searce , at. ll'a"t in HOlJthe\rn India. Onc wry bad eol'Y makes part of the Mnrkenzie collection ~); an excellent one has been kindly lent to me hy Dr. BUllNEU. lluth manu~cript,; are in tho Grantham character. In th3 library of Trinity Cullpge, Camllrirlge, there is an abridged c~opy of it in N:lgari t); ';fOe Prof. AUFREcH'r':,; Catalogue, p. :17 .
• ) III the old catulocu« tho ,. J'rnk:t\'a r-ornposed Ily Sih~adt'ViL" ha:ol heeu trausformcd into a .. Couimcutury on the SilTyusiclclllfiJlta;" it has lung been lyillg hidden nuder thiR disguise , until l Ir. HOST discovered the mistake,
tj 1\01 DClallf'Knrl, u tl'rm unheard of ill Hindustfln. It I., in f,,,,t, no word at all, but. grallullatical blunrler , Hf'1" Pilnini VII, 3,24. By Mlppoqin~ thdt df't'ftnti!lari IHOY IIH:au "N:\gurl of the :,!OUtt" we Dlny save grammar , Lilt at the price of f'01UlIlon sense.
Fur mun- than oue reason I think it will 11I~ worth wliil« h.-'r., 10 Ill,.'rl 111<" int w,luI·t ron
Ill" 1.11(' l'rak:l<;ik:l. 1°. becanso it contains ,<nIlll' peculiar vi,:w" and ~tat"lIli'll(,' Hut wholly ,l"H,i,j of intl'l'e~l; :20, to "how that t1,l' Camul'idg"1! mauuscrip]. i" hut :1 ,·llllll.,~ abridgtnr-nt of if; and. finully , (0 giv.~ a ~p",'im"11 of Ute Ol'thOgl'ilphy vuuuuuu ttl IIIU,"' I ~lluthindian 1ll:J.1l1l';,Tiptli. '1'lIe introduction then 1'1111il thus , :J.t'''"f",iing t" iii 11,\1'1.1. r- 1'''1',\ :
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l"i'trY:Hleva must have lived a considerable time after the great Bhaskara , in an age when the living breath of science had already parted from India. In the foregoing extract it will have been observed that he had not the faintest notion how Aryabhata could have gut at his clements of astronomy by mere. observation and calculation. The acquir-
*) This statement coincides with another found in a stanza from an unknown author-
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It i. Dot true that Aryabbata could have rorrected the Romaka-SiddMnta, for the epoch of thjo work is posterior to
Arynbhala'. (see Dr. HMu DAjt, in Juurn. R. AB. Soc. of 1865, p. 407). affirmed that our author has been the reformer of Indian astronomy.
ing of those elements is ascribed to supernatural agency, quite in tho fashion in which Pasini in the story is told to have received the QivasutrCl1ti.
There is one manuscript of the :rraka~a belonging to the library of the Roy. As.
Soc., London, which is interspersed with the annotations of a certain Yellayon , or as the name sounds in Sanskritised form: Yallaya, son to Qrldharllcftrya and pupil to Sllryadeva. So we find in the second chapter (p. 12 of the MS.) the words: "ntha Kftlakriydpadasya Suryadevena Yajvand krtavyakbyfinam samagram api (,~ri-llftl:ldityasutaSuryllci'irya~ishyena vipa~cita Yallayakhyena may:" kiucid utpadyn *) vyftkhyiin:l/l' k-tam."
From a eaaual expression in the same manuscript (p, 48) I gather that once there existed several commentaries t) on the works of Aryabhata. The passage runs thus : "etad-api dingmatrenusmiibhir uktam , viatarataa tu Bhflshyadiebu drashawyum." Whct.ller the works alluded to are still extant is a question that waits for an answer from learned Hindus or Europeans having access to unexplored Indian libraries, In the mean while this edition of the Aryashtar,atam will, it is hoped, be conducive to a more accurate knowledge of the ancient astronomer's system, and stimulate the interest of Indian and European scholars, It will be understood that with the scanty, however valuable, . materials at my disposal, I could not attempt to constitute the text such as the- author published it. What I could give, is the -text Paratmldicvara had before him.
In spelling and intorpunction I ,have kept close to the manuscripts J with this exceptic I that the doubling of consonants after the r has been done away with, and tho dental l substituted to the lingual one, corresponding with the Nagar! cr. Here and there 1 have added words of my own to flll up ugly gaps J e. g. p. 97, 1. I;:; J Hq.
0) The word ulpd.dya i. here unintelligible. at loaot to me. One would expect "i8lirya or some synonymo", term,
I f) The commentary by Bhntavislmu must have been one of them. Sec Prof, Whitney. Jonnr Amer, Or. Soc·.
Such passages are marked by (). Another form of brackets indicates that the included words are spurious.
I gladly avail myself of this opportunity openly to acknowledge the kindness of : I
Dr. lkRNBJ,L in lpaving at my disposal his valuable manuscripts , and the friendly assistance of my friend Dr. ROST in procuring me materials from the London libraries. Let both receive my warmest thanks!
LRIDEN, July 10th 1874.
H. KERN.
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