CHAPTER 1 FORM 5

MICROORGANISMS
AND THEIR
EFFECTS
BACTERIA
 Sizes between 0.5-10 um (1um=0.001mm)
 Very small unicellular
 Do not have nucleus, and scattered in
cytoplasm
 Classified according their shape: cocucs,
bacillus, vibrio and spirillium
 Cocus- gonorrhoea, syphilis
 Bacillus- tuberculosis (tibi)
 vibrio – cholera
 Some bacteria have flagellum
 Asexual reproduction – binarry fission
 Hot situation, no food or water- spore
 Bacteria can live as:
 Parasites-obtain food from other living
organism
 Saprophytic- obtain food from dead
organisms
 Autotrof- can make it own food through
photosynthesis.
VIRUSES
 Smallest microb
 Do not have cytoplasm, nucleus or cell
membrane
 The body of virus form protein capsules
cover the thread of nucleic acid
 All virus are parasites-cause disease
 Virus do not eat, use substances in living cell
to multiply their number.
 All virus live in living cells (host)
 Outside the host, virus crystallise
FUNGI (KULAT)
 Can seen using magnifying glass or light microskop.
 Fungi are plant have cell wall but no roots, steam
or leaves
 Mucor made of tiny filament call hypha
 Asexual reproduction by spore formation or
budding
 Do not have chlorophyll cannot make food
 Fungi live as saprophytes and parasites
 EXmp: yeast to make a bread, fungi leave on bread
 Live in dark and damp places
PROTOZOA
 Unicellular animals
 Cytoplasm cover by cell membrane
 Have cilia- to move
 Amoeba, paramecium-binary fission
 But paramecim-carry out sexual reproduction
through conjugation
 Live as saprophytes-in fresh water ponds, sea
water, salty water
ALGAE
 Unicellular or multicellular aquatic plant
 Emp: chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed
 Can see with eye
 Like plant cell
 Do not have stem, roots or leaves
 Asexual by binary fission
 But spirogyra do sexual by conjugation
 Have chlorophyll-green
 Producer in food chain
 Live in damp area
GROWTH FACTORS OF
MICROORGANISMS
 Nutrients
 Humidity
 Light
 Temperature
 pH value
USEFUL MICROORGANISMS
 The digestion of food
 The decomposition process
 Medicine
 Agriculture
 Industries