Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area of unit strength.

It is the force on a member divided by

area, which carries the force, formerly express in psi, now in N/mm 2 or MPa.

where P is the applied normal load in Newton and A is the area in mm 2. The maximum stress in tension or
compression occurs over a section normal to the load.

Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to pure tension (or tensile force) is
under tensile stress, while compression members (members subject to compressive force) are under compressive
stress.
Compressive force will tend to shorten the member. Tension force on the other hand will tend to lengthen the
member.

Problem 104

A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MN/m 2.

Solution 104

where:

thus,

 answer
Problem 105 page 12

Given:
Weight of bar = 800 kg
Maximum allowable stress for bronze = 90 MPa
Maximum allowable stress for steel = 120 MPa
Required: Smallest area of bronze and steel cables
Solution 105

By symmetry:

For bronze cable:

 answer
For steel cable:

 answer

Problem 106 page 12

Given:
Diameter of cable = 0.6 inch
Weight of bar = 6000 lb
Required: Stress in the cable
Solution 106
  answer

Problem 109 page 13

Given:
Maximum allowable stress of the wire = 30 ksi
Cross-sectional area of wire AB = 0.4 in2
Cross-sectional area of wire AC = 0.5 in2
Required: Largest weight W

Solution 109

For wire AB: By sine law (from the force polygon):

For wire AC:

 

Safe load   answer

Problem 110 page 13

Given:
Size of steel bearing plate = 12-inches square
Size of concrete footing = 12-inches square
Size of wooden post = 8-inches diameter
Maximum allowable stress for wood = 1800 psi
Maximum allowable stress for concrete = 650 psi
Required: Maximum safe value of load P
Solution 110
For wood:

From FBD of Wood:

For concrete:

From FBD of Concrete:

Safe load   answer

Given:
Cross-sectional area of each member = 1.8 in 2
Required: Stresses in members CE, DE, and DF
Solution 111
From the FBD of the truss:

At joint F:
At joint D: (by symmetry)

At joint E:

Stresses:
Stress = Force/Area

 answer

 answer

 answer
Given:
Cross sectional area of each member = 1600 mm 2.
Required: Stresses in members BC, BD, and CF
Solution 113

For member BD: (See FBD 01)

 Tension

 answer
For member CF: (See FBD 01)

 Compression

 answer
For member BC: (See FBD 02)
  Compression

 answer

Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs to tensile and compressive stresses,
which are caused by forces perpendicular to the area on which they act. Shearing stress is also known as tangential
stress.

where   is the resultant shearing force which passes through the centroid of the area   being sheared.

Problem 115 page 16

Given:
Required diameter of hole = 20 mm
Thickness of plate = 25 mm
Shear strength of plate = 350 MN/m2
Required: Force required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole
Solution 115

The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force   is equal to the punching force  .

 answer
Problem 116 page 16

Given:
Shear strength of plate = 40 ksi
Allowable compressive stress of punch = 50 ksi
The figure below:

Required:

a. Maximum thickness of plate to punch a 2.5 inches diameter hole

b. Diameter of smallest hole if the plate is 0.25 inch thick

Solution 116

a. Maximum thickness of plate:

Based on puncher strength:

 Equivalent shear force of the plate

Based on shear strength of plate:

 answer

b. Diameter of smallest hole:

Based on compression of puncher:

 Equivalent shear force for plate

Based on shearing of plate:

 answer
Problem 117 page 17

Given:
Force P = 400 kN
Shear strength of the bolt = 300 MPa
The figure below:

Required: Diameter of the smallest bolt

Solution 117
The bolt is subject to double shear.

 answer

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs from compressive stress, as it is an
internal stress caused by compressive forces.
Problem 125

In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable
stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the
minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress in the plates.

Solution 125

Part (a): 
From shearing of rivet:

From bearing of plate material:

 answer

Part (b): Largest average tensile stress in the plate:

 answer

Problem 126 page 21

Given:
Diameter of each rivet = 3/4 inch
Maximum allowable shear stress of rivet = 14 ksi
Maximum allowable bearing stress of plate = 18 ksi
The figure below:

Required: The maximum safe value of P that can be applied

Solution 126
Based on shearing of rivets:

Based on bearing of plates:

Safe load   answer

Problem 129 page 21

Given:
Diameter of bolt = 7/8 inch
Diameter at the root of the thread (bolt) = 0.731 inch
Inside diameter of washer = 9/8 inch
Tensile stress in the nut = 18 ksi
Bearing stress = 800 psi
Required:
Shearing stress in the head of the bolt
Shearing stress in threads of the bolt
Outside diameter of the washer
Solution 129
Tensile force on the bolt:

Shearing stress in the head of the bolt:

 answer

Shearing stress in the threads:

 answer

Outside diameter of washer:

 answer