weRq

Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv †jLb c×wZ

nvRvi eQ‡ii k„•Lj gyw³

wb‡`©wkKv
weRq-2000-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ
DB‡ÛvR-95/98/Gb.wU/2000 Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨

iPbv, ¯^Z¡ I cÖKvkK t †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi

Avb›` Kw¤úDUvim
188 gwZwSj mvKz©jvi †ivW
XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k
B‡gBj t ananda@bdlink.com

cÖKvkKvjt
cÖ_g cÖKvk: 16 wW‡m¤^i 1988
wb‡`©wkKv wn‡m‡e cÖ_g gy`ªY t 18 GwcÖj 1996
wØZxq ms¯‹iY t 01 †deªyqvwi, 1998
Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY t 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1999
me©‡kl Avc‡WU t 22 RyjvB 2000

weRq-2000 ms¯‹i‡Yi mv‡_ wb‡`©wkKv wn‡m‡e gyw`ªZ/wWwRUvj cÖKvkbv wn‡m‡e weZi‡Yi Rb¨|
KwcivBU: †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi|
GB wb‡`©wkKvi †Kvb As‡ki bKj, d‡UvKwc, Wzwc‡KwUs, cwieZ©b, cwiea©b ev ms‡kvab Kiv wbwl×|

1
 weRq -2000 Gi fze‡b
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cUf‚wg
GKzk kZ‡Ki evsjv fvlv †Kej GKwU AvÂwjK fvlv bq| we‡k¦i cÖvq 35 †_‡K 40 †KvwU
†jvK evsjv fvlv ev wjwc e¨envi K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv Ges fvi‡Zi evsjv
(cwðg e½), wÎcyiv, gwbcyi, bvMvj¨vÛ, Avmvg BZ¨vw` iv‡R¨i cÖvq mKj gvby‡li fvlv|
fvi‡i Dwoqv iv‡R¨i fvlvI e¯‘Z evsjv wjwci GKwU iƒcvš—i e¨envi Kiv nq| GQvov
we‡k¦i mKjcÖv‡š— Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv Gme fvlvfvlx e¨w³, cÖwZôvb, wk¶v
cÖwZôvb I wgwWqv¸‡jv GB fvlv I wjwc e¨envi K‡i|
AvR Avgiv Av‡iv †ekx †MŠievwš^Z GR‡b¨ †h evsjv‡`‡k evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ Kivi †MŠi‡ev¾¡j ¯§„wZweRwoZ GKz‡k †deª“qvix‡K Avš—R©vwZK
gvZ…fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv n‡”Q| evsjv‡`k, evOvjx I evsjv wjwc e¨enviKvix
mKj gvby‡li Rb¨B GwU GK cig cvIbv|
evsjv, Anwgqv, gwbcyix, bvMv, DwWqv BZ¨vw` fvlvq e¨eüZ evsjv wjwc Kw¤úDUv‡i
cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ 1987 mv‡ji 16 †g cÖ_g Kw¤úDUv‡i K‡¤úvR K‡i Avwg cÖKvk Kwi
G †`‡ki GKwU Abb¨ mvgwqKx-hvi bvg mvßvwnK Avb›`cÎ| Gi ciciB Avwg ReŸvi Kx
†evW© (Avgvi evevi ¯§„wZi cÖwZ kª×v Rvbv‡Z) Ges myb›`v (Avgvi †QvU †g‡qi
bv‡g) I Avb›` (Avgvi cÖwZôv‡bi) bv‡g d›Umg~n ˆZwi Kwi| G cÖhyw³ we‡k¦i evsjv
wjwc e¨enviKvix gvby‡li Rb¨ GK e¨vcK cwieZ©b G‡b †`q| wKš‘ ZLbI Avgv‡`i KwVb
Kx-‡evW© wm‡÷g e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| †gwK‡›Uvm Kw¤úDUv‡ii PviwU ¯—i (bg©vj,
wkdU, Ackb I wkdU Ackb) e¨envi K‡i 188wU †evZvg gyL¯’ K‡i evsjv fvlv wjL‡Z
n‡Zv| Gici 1988 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^‡i †gwKb‡Uv‡ki Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq Kx-†evW© Ges
Zvi AvIZvaxb d›Umg~n Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î ˆecweK cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv
K‡i|
†gwKb‡Uv‡k weRq RbwcÖq nIqvi ci Avwg GKB c×wZ wcwm‡Z Aš—f‚©³ Kivi †Póv
Pvjv‡Z _vwK| 16 †g 1992 Avgiv weRq Kx-†ev‡W©i wØZxq ms¯‹iY weRq w¯ŒÞ
B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g-Gi †gwKb‡Uvk ms¯‹iY Ges 26 gvP© 1993 DB‡ÛvR ms¯‹iY cÖKvk
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| ejvevûj¨ wcwmÔi DB‡ÛvR cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ weRq-B n‡jv cÖ_g I †ckv`vi
gv‡bi gy`ªY‡hvM¨ evsjv †jLb c×wZ|
MZ 16 B wW‡m¤^i 1999 weRq-2000 ms¯‹iY cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv| GB ms¯‹iYwU cÖYq‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q DB‡ÛvR-98, DB‡ÛvR-Gb.wU, DB‡ÛvR-2000 Acv‡iwUs
wm‡÷g Ges IqvW©-2000 Gi mv‡_ weRq KvR Kiv‡bvi Rb¨|
g‡b ivLvi g‡Zv e¨vcvi n‡jv †h bZzb ms¯‹iYwU‡Z bZzb d›U, bZzb †KvW e¨envi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Avcbvi Av‡Mi WKz‡g›U Av‡Mi d‡›U Lyj‡Z n‡e| bZzb d‡›U bZzb †Kv‡W
ˆZix Kiv WKz‡g›U Av‡Mi d‡›U Lyj‡j †ek wKQy A¶i G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hv‡e| GKBfv‡e
Av‡Mi WKz‡g›U bZzb d‡›U G‡jv‡g‡jv †`Lv‡e|
Z‡e weRq-99 Gi d›U¸‡jv weRq-2000 Gi mv‡_ K¤úvwUej|
weRq-2000 G Kx‡evW© ev e¨enviKvixi B›Uvi‡d‡m †Zgb †Kvb cwieZ©b Kiv nqwb|
evsjv wm‡½j ( Ô, Ò, Õ, Ó) I Wvej †Kv‡Ukb Ges t I r Gi ¯’vb mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gi d‡j UvBwcs-Gi MwZi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡ebv| Avcwb †hfv‡e Av‡M
weRq e¨envi Ki‡Zb †mfv‡eB weRq e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2
 †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi
188 gwZwRj mvKz©jvi †ivW, XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k|

wbeÜxKiY
wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡bB Avcbvi weRq mdUIq¨v‡ii †iwR‡óªkb Kiyb| KviY †iwR&‡÷ªkb Kiv
e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ me mgqB me©‡kl Z_¨vw` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| GQvovI i‡q‡Q fwel¨‡Z
¯^íg~‡j¨ ev webvg~‡j¨ Gi cieZx© DbœZ ms¯‹iY cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv| Avcbvi c¨v‡K‡Ri
mv‡_ †`Iqv †iwR‡÷ªkb KvW© c~iY K‡i AvRB Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q cvwV‡q w`b| whwb
mdUIq¨vi Bb÷j Ki‡Qb Zuv‡K Avcbvi †iwR&‡÷ªkb KvW© w`‡Z ejyb|

hw` weRq †iwR‡÷ªkb bv K‡ib Z‡e Gi jvB‡mÝ evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖ‡YZv I ¯^Ë¡
weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g-Gi KwcivBU, gvwjKvbv ev ¯^Ë¡ †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi-Gi|
GB mdUIq¨vimg~n Ges Gi AvIZvaxb d›Umg~n Rbve †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi -Gi †bZ…
Z¡vaxb GKwU Uxg KZ©„K cÖYxZ|
GB Ux‡gi g‡a¨ wewfbœ mg‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb nvwg`yj Bmjvg, †Mvjvg dviyK Avn‡g`,
†n‡jbv †eMg, Avd‡ivRv †eMg iygv, nvwmev nvmvb Rqv, wbqvR †gvnv¤§`, Zvwbqv
myjZvbv, wke bvivqY `vm, Kvgi“¾vgvb I Gev`yi ingvb| Avwg K…ZÁZvi mv‡_ G‡`i
HKvwš—KZv I cwikª‡gi K_v ¯§iY KiwQ| GLb weRq-Gi mv‡_ hviv KvR Ki‡Qb Zv‡`i
gv‡S Av‡Qb myb›`v kvigxb Zš^x, †ivKmvbv myjZvbv, nvq`vi Avjg Ges gywbi“j
Av‡ew`b |
†gwKb‡Uvk, DB‡ÛvR 3.1/3.11, DB‡ÛvR 95, DB‡ÛvR-98 Ges DB‡ÛvR Gb.wU,
DB‡ÛvR-2000-Gi Rb¨ cÖYxZ weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷g, weRq Kx-†evW© Ges
weRq w¯ŒÞ B›Uvi‡dm wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvaxb weRq-1 I weRq-2, weRq-4, weRq-99,
weRq-2000 w¯Œ‡Þi Aaxb d›Umg~n-Ges Gi mv‡_ mswkó mKj cÖhyw³i KwcivBU ev
¯^Ë¡ Rbve †gv¯—vdv ReŸvi-Gi|

weRq-2000 BÝUj
Avcwb hw` mivmwi Kv‡R P‡j †h‡Z Pvb Z‡e GB AskwU Avcbvi R‡b¨|
weRq-2000 wmwWwU AvBweGg wcwm Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivb| Avcbvi wmwWwU
mivmwi weRq-2000 BÝUj Kivi Ae¯’vq hv‡e| GB GKwUgvÎ BÝUjvi Avcbvi d›Um I
weRq mdUIqªAi BÝUj K‡i †`‡e| †KejgvÎ weRq mv_x bvg‡i GKwU Acckb BÝUj Kivi
Rb¨ Avcbv‡K weRq-2000 †cÖv ms¯‹iY †c‡Z n‡e| GB †cÖv ms¯‹iYwU Avcwb
Avc‡WU wn‡m‡e †c‡Z cv‡ib| G‡Z Awfavb, Av‡iv wKQy Kx‡evW© Ges KbfvU©vi
i‡q‡Q|
weRq BÝUj Kivi Av‡M weRq-2000 MvBW Avcwb co‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY GB
MvBWwU weRq-2000 d›Um e¨envi K‡i| Z‡e we‡dvi BD BÝUj dvBjwU Bs‡iRx‡Z Ges
†bvUc¨vW wn‡m‡e GwU co‡Z cvi‡eb| fv‡jv nq, hw` †mB dvBjwU Av‡M c‡o †bb| Z‡e
Avcwb hLb weRq MvBW-2000 co‡Z cvi‡eb ZLb Avcbvi mKj KvRB GB MvBWwUi
mnvqZvq Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cÖ_‡g d›U BÝUj Ki“b

3
Avgv‡`i Dc‡`k n‡jv cÖ_‡g weRq-2000mÝUjvi †_‡K d›Um BÝUj Ki“b| G‡Z myweav
n‡jv †h Avcwb ZLb GB MvBW dvBjwU gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W© Ly‡j Zvi mnvqZv wb‡Z
cvi‡eb|
weRq-2000 Gi mKj d‡›Ui bv‡gi †k‡l Bs‡iRx MJ A¶i`ywU i‡q‡Q|

weRq-2000 mdUIqvi Bb÷j

Gici weRq-2000 BÝUjvi AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K Ki“b|
†b·U/ B‡qm evUb-G cici Pvc w`b|
GKmg‡q Avcbvi mvg‡b GKwU WvqjM e· Avm‡e hv‡Z Avcbvi bvg, cÖwZôv‡bi bvg
Ges wmwiqvj bv¤^vi w`‡Z ejv n‡e|
WvqjM e‡· Avcbvi bvg. cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Ges jvB‡mÝ bv¤^vi D‡jL Ki“b|
Gici weRq-2000 B›mUj n‡q hv‡e|

we‡klfv‡e j¶¨Yxq
weRq BÝUj Kivi Av‡M Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i hw` weRq-Gi c~e©eZ©x ev eZ©gvb
†Kvb ms¯‹iY BÝUj Kiv _v‡K Z‡e Zv cÖ_‡g Avb BÝUj Ki‡eb I c‡i Kw¤úDUviwU
wi÷vU© K‡i †b‡eb|

d›U BÝUj Ki“b

Avcwb hw` cÖ_‡g d›U BÝUj bv K‡i _v‡Kb Z‡e weRq mdUIqvi BÝUj Kivi ci Aek¨B
d›U BÝUj Ki‡eb|
weRq BÝUjvi †_‡KB Avcwb d›Um BÝUj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| d›Um BÝUj †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q
Avcwb G KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
weRq-2000 Gi mKj d‡›Ui bv‡gi †k‡l Bs‡iRx MJ A¶i`ywU i‡q‡Q|

cyiv‡bv weRq-Gi dvBj

weRq-2000 BÝUj Kivi Av‡M †f‡e †`Lyb Avcbvi Kv‡Q weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y
(weRq-4.0 ch©š—) ˆZix Kiv dvBj i‡q‡Q wKbv| cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y ˆZix Kiv dvBj
cyiv‡bv d‡›U Lyj‡j Ges †Kvb ms‡kvab bv Ki‡j †Kvb mgm¨vq co‡ebbv| †mB †¶‡Î
Avcbvi cyiv‡bv d›U¸‡jv d›Um †dvìv‡i †i‡L †`‡eb|
weRq-99-G ˆZix Kiv †Kvb dvBj weRq-2000-G mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e|
hw` Avcwb weRq-Gi cyiv‡bv ms¯‹i‡Y (weRq-4.0 ch©š—) ˆZix Kiv dvBj weRq-2000
d‡›U iƒcvš—i K‡ib Z‡e †ek wKQy eY© e`‡j hv‡e|

IqvW© †mwUs
Avcwb hw` Gg.Gm IqvW© e¨envi K‡ib Z‡e Iqv‡W©i wWdë †mwUs †_‡K wKQy
wKQy Amyweav n‡e IqvW©-Gi wWdë †mwUs-Gi Rb¨| Avcwb IqvW©-Gi †mwUs
wVK K‡i wb‡j †mme Amyweav n‡ebv|
digvU †gbyi A‡Uv digvU Kgv‡Ûi msjvc N‡i hv‡eb Ges Ackbm evQvB Ki‡eb|
†mLv‡b A‡Uv digvU Ges A‡Uv digvU GR BD UvBc `yB Ack‡bB †÷ªBU †KvUm DB_
¯§vU© †KvU Ges †evì GÛ BUvwjK DB_ wi‡qj digvwUs `ywU e‡· wUK wPý ivL‡eb
bv|
hw` wUK wPý _v‡K Z‡e Avcbvi †ek wKQy A¶i G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q hv‡e|
Uzjm †gbyi †¯úwjs I MÖvgvi Ad Ki‡eb|

4
Ab¨vb¨ Amyweavi Rb¨ mgm¨v mgvavb Ask †`Lyb|

weRq-Gi cÖavb ˆewkó¨

1. weRq wm‡÷g Bs‡iRxmn we‡k¦i mKj fvlvi mv‡_ e¨envi‡hvM¨|
2. weRq wm‡÷‡g Kx-†evW© †jAvDU‡K mnRfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. weRq wm‡÷‡g hy³v¶i I ¯^ieY© Ges Kx-†ev‡W© †bB Ggb wKQy wPý e¨envi Kivi
Rb¨ GKwU mshyw³ †evZvg cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bs‡iRx Kx-‡ev‡W©i Bs‡iRx (G)
†evZvg‡KB GB mshyw³ †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|
4. weRq wm‡÷‡gi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Gi Rb¨ Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi †Kvb cÖKvi
cwieZ©b Kiv nqwb| d‡j hLwb †KD Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g ev Gwc‡Kkb †cÖvMÖv‡gi
†Kvb bZzb ms¯‹iY ˆZwi K‡ib ZLbB †mB wm‡÷‡g evsjv e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e nq|

weRq e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g

weRq -2000 e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ DB‡ÛvR (95 ev Zvi c‡ii) e¨envi Kiv hvq Ggb Kw¤úDUv‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb nq| AvRKvj mKj Kw¤úDUviB DB‡ÛvR-Gi Dc‡hvMx K‡i evbv‡bv nq d‡j
bZzb †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi †Kbv n‡j Zv‡Z weRq e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| weRq-2000 DB‡ÛvR
95/98/Gb.wU/2000-G PgrKvifv‡e KvR K‡i|
weRq BÝUj Kivi Rb¨ wmwW WªvBf _vKv fv‡jv| weRq-Gi mKj d›U d¬wc‡Z RvqMv
nqbv e‡j weRq-2000 ms¯‹iY wmwW‡Z mieivn Kiv nq| GLb weRq d¬wc wW‡¯‹ ¯’vcb
Kiv hvqbv| KviY Gi †mUAvc dvBj d¬wc wW‡¯‹ RvqMv nqbv| Z‡e hw` Avcwb Pvb
Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Kg©xiv Avcbvi wmwW WªvBf †bB Ggb Kw¤úDUv‡i weRq-2000 BÝUj
K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| †mR‡b¨ Avgv‡`i cÖavb Awdm, PÆMÖ&vg Awdm, e¸ov Awdm ev
fviZmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b weRq-Gi cwi‡ek‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki“b|

d›U wbe©vPb I UvBc Kiv

weRq BÝUj K‡i weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq K‡i UvBc Ki‡jB wKš‘ evsjv A¶i cvIqv hv‡e
bv| G Rb¨ mswkó †gby ev mswkó WvqjM e‡· wM‡q myZš^x-Gg‡R (weRq-2000 Gi
Rb¨) ev Ab¨ †Kvb evsjv d›U wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| †gwKb‡Uvk I wcwm Dfq cvUdi‡gB
myZš^x Ges wibwK QvovI AviI A‡bK¸‡jv d›U i‡q‡Q|
Kx-†evW© I d›U wbe©vPb Kivi ci Kx-†ev‡W©i †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j evsjv cvIqv hv‡e|
mn‡R cix¶v K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ Bs‡iRx H †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j hw` evsjv e A¶i cvIqv hvq,
Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e cÖwµqv¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb evsjvq KvR Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| Bs‡iRx H †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j hw` evsjv e A¶i bv Av‡m, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e
cÖwµqvwU mwVKfv‡e AbymiY Kiv nqwb| cÖwµqvwU cybive„wË Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kx-†evW© wbe©vPb
weRq Bb÷j Kivi ci gwbU‡i bx‡Pi Wvb w`‡K Uv¯‹ evi-G GKwU mv`v-bxj-jvj i‡Oi
WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZxK wPý _v‡K ()| IqvW© cÖ‡mwms ev Ab¨ †h‡Kvb
†cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi mgqI G cÖZxK wPý we`¨gvb _vK‡e-hw` weRq Pvjy _v‡K|
WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q wK¬K Ki‡j PZz‡®‹vY cÖZxKwU
GKwU jvj-meyR-njy` i‡Oi wÎf‚R cÖZx‡K iƒcvš—wiZ n‡e | GB cÖZxKwU n‡”Q weRq
Kx-†ev‡W©i cÖZxK| G cÖZxKwU †`‡L †evSv hv‡e weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq i‡q‡Q|

5
weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq Kivi Av‡iv `ywU c×wZ Av‡Q| WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K
wK¬K K‡i weRq Kx-†evW© mwµq n‡e|
G Qvov Kx- †ev‡W©i Ctrl Ges Alt †evZvg GKm‡½ †P‡c †i‡L B †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡jI
weRq Kx- †evW© mwµq n‡e| †h c×wZB AbymiY Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, weRq Kx-†evW©
mwµq _vKv Ae¯’vq wÎf‚R cÖZxK _vK‡e|
evsjvq KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z hw` Bs‡iRx‡Z UvBc Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j GKB wbq‡g weRq
cÖZx‡Ki Dci wK¬K K‡i ev Ctrl I Alt †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L B †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q Bs‡iRx
Kx-†evW© mwµq Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb weRq cÖZxK Avevi WvqgÛ ev PZz‡®‹vY cÖZx‡K
iƒcvš—wiZ n‡e| Gevi Bs‡iRx UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| Avevi evsjv UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z
n‡j c~‡e©i wbq‡g Kx-†evW© Ges evsjv d›U wbe©vPb K‡i evsjv UvB‡ci KvR Ki‡Z
n‡e| A_©vr GKB WKz‡g‡›U cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx GKB m‡½ Bs‡iRx Ges evsjvq UvB‡ci
KvR Kiv hv‡e|

weRq Kx-†evW© cwiwPwZ I e¨envi

weRq mdUIqv‡ii mv‡_ Avgiv GLb GKwU evsjv Kx‡evW© cÖ`vb KiwQ hv‡Z †Kvb
†evZv‡g †Kvb evsjv nid i‡q‡Q Zv Bs‡iRxi cvkvcvwk gyw`ªZ i‡q‡Q| m~Zivs GLb Avi
KvMR †_‡K weRq-Kx‡evW©-Gi †jAvDU †`Lvi `iKvi †bB|
weRq Kx-†ev‡W© cÖwZwU †evZv‡g `ywU K‡i evsjv A¶i Av‡Q| wkdU †evZvg †P‡c
†Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j H †evZv‡gi Dc‡ii evsjv A¶i Ges wkdU †evZvg bv †P‡c †Kvb
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j H †evZv‡gi wb‡Pi evsjv A¶i cvIqv hvq|
weRq Kx‡evW©-G A Ges I Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb ¯^ieY© †bB| Avcwb hw` †mme ¯^ieY©
e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvb Z‡e cÖ_‡g wR (Kx‡ev‡W© mshyw³ ev nmš— gyw`ªZ _vK‡e) UvBc
Ki‡eb Ges Gici mswkó ¯^iwPý UvBc Ki‡eb|
evsjvq hy³v¶i ˆZwii Rb¨ Bs‡iRx & (G) †evZvg‡K mshyw³ †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv
nq| †hgb k³ k‡ãi ³ eY©wU n‡”Q K Ges Z e‡Y©i hy³iƒc| G Rb¨ K UvBc K‡i & †evZv‡g
Pvc w`‡q Z UvBc Ki‡j ³ hy³v¶i ˆZwi n‡q hvq| wKQy hy³v¶i m¤ú‡K© A‡bK †¶‡ÎB
mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| †Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i mgš^‡q H hy³v¶i ˆZwi nq Zv Rvbv bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb-AÄb, weÁvb, j¶, evÃbxq, eªþvÛ BÎvw` k‡ã e¨eüZ hy³v¶i¸‡jv|
e¨enviKvix‡`i myweav‡_© hy³v¶i ˆZwii wbqgvejx Ges wek` ZvwjKv G wb‡`©wkKvi
cwiwkó 1-G †`qv n‡q‡Q|
weRq Kx‡evW©-G UvBc Kivi mnR wbqgvejx
weRq Kx‡evW© ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q Ggbfv‡e hv‡Z mn‡RB mKj evsjv A¶i ˆZix Kiv hvq|
1. Kw¤cDUv‡ii Kx‡evW© e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ mvaviYZ `ywU nv‡Zi `kwU Av½zjB e¨envi
Kiv nq| cÖ_‡g Bs‡iRx UvBc Kivi wbqg Abyhvqx `yB nv‡Zi Av½yj¸wj h_v¯’v‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e| g‡b ivLv fv‡jv, evg nv‡Zi Av½yj¸wj‡Z cÖavbZ ¯^iwPý¸‡jv (`ywU ¯^ieY©mn)
_vK‡e| Wvb nv‡Zi Av½yj¸‡jv‡Z _vK‡e e¨ÄbeY©¸‡jv|
2. weRq Kx‡ev‡W© †hLv‡b m¤¢e AícÖvY I gnvcÖvY †Rvov wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb A-v, w-x, y-~,‡-‰, I-Š, K-L, M-N, P-Q, R-S, U-V, W-X, Z-_, `-a, c-d, e-f,
o-p| Gme e‡Y©i web¨vm n‡jv Ggb †h AícÖvY A¶iMy‡jv ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq I
gnvcÖvY A¶i¸‡jv wkdU Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| GQvov „-©, i-j, g-k BZ¨vw` †Rvov¸‡jvI GKB
†evZv‡g ¯^vfvweK I wkdU Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q|
3. Bs‡iRx wR †evZvgwU‡K iƒcvš—i †evZvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB
†evZvgwUi mvnv‡h¨ ¯^iwPý‡K ¯^ie‡Y© Ges e¨ÄbeY©‡K hy³v¶‡i iƒcvš—i Kiv hvq|
djv hy³ Ki‡Z n‡j wR †evZvg e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e i djv I h djv †h‡nZz Kx‡ev‡W©
Av‡Q †m‡nZz mivmwi UvBc K‡iI cvIqv hv‡e|

6
 cwiwkó -1
Kw¤úDUv‡i evsjv eY©gvjv UvBc Kivi c×wZ
eY© evsjv kã †evZv‡g e‡Y©i Ae¯’vb MÖ“ MÖ“c M ª y (o z s)
A Aby‡iva A ( Shift F) N Ni N (Shift O)
Av AvMÖn & v (g f) Nœ weNœ N & b (Shift O g b)
v KvMR v (f) Nª kxNª N ª (Shift O z)
B B”Qv & w (g d) O e¨vO O (q)
w wW¯‹ w (d) ¼ A¼ O & K (q g j)
C C` & x (g Shift D) •L k•L O & L (q g Shift J)
x b`x x (Shift D) ½ m½xZ O & M (q g o)
D Dcnvi & y (g s) •N m•N O & N (q g Shift O)
y cy‡ivcywi y (s) •g ev•gq O & g (q g m)
E Elv & ~ (g Shift S) ¼« m¼«vgK O & K ª (q g j z)
~ `~Z ~ (Shift S) •Nª mv•Nªwk O & N ª (q g Shift O z)
F Fwl & „ (g a) •¶v AvKv•¶v O & K & l (q g j g Shift N)
„ e„wË „ (a) P Pi P (y)
G GKZv & † (g c) P¨ evP¨ P ¨ (y Shift Z)
† †Kej †¯cm † (space c) ”P D”PviY P & P (y g y)
‡ A‡bK ‡ (wm) (c) ”Q Zz”Q P & Q (y g Shift Y)
H HwZnvwmK & Š (g Shift C) ”T hv”Tv P & T (y g Shift I)
ˆ ˆeVv †¯cm ˆ (space Shift C) ”Q¡ D”Q¡j P & Q & e (y g Shift y g h)
‰ A‰ea ‰ (Shift C) Q QvwZ Q (Shift y)
I ISv I (x) ”Q« K…”Q«Zv Q ª (Shift y z)
†v †Kvgj e‡Y©i Av‡M † Kvi I c‡i v Kvi R Rwg R (u)
J Jla J (g Shift X) ¾ j¾v R & R (u g u)
†Š †KŠkj e‡Y©i Av‡M † Kvi I c‡i Š Kvi À KzÀwUKv R & S (u g Shift U)
Á Ávb R & T (u g Shift I)
R¡ R¡i R & e (u g h)
e¨Äb eY© I hy³v¶i R¨ ivR¨ R ¨ (u Shift Z)
K Kw¤úDUvi K (j) Rª eRª R ª (u z)
° Q°v K & K (j g j) ¾¡ D¾¡j R & R & e (u g u g h)
³« A³« K & Z ª (j g k z) T wgTv T (Shift I)
Kè eKèv K & b (j g b) Â PÂj T & P (Shift I g y)
K¡ †K¡ivZ K & e (j g h) Ã evÃv T & Q (Shift I g Shift Y)
´ i“w´Yx K & g (j g m) Ä AÄjx T & R (Shift I g u)
K¨ evK¨ K ¨ (j Shift Z) Å wbS©ÅvUT & S (Shift I g Shift U)
µ eµ K ª (j z) U UvKv U (t)
K¬ †K¬k K & j (j g Shift V) Æ PÆMÖvg U & U (t g t)
¶ cix¶v K & l (j g Shift N) Æz UvÆz U & U y (t g t s)
· ev· K & m (j g n) U¡ LU¡v U & e (t g h)
³ i³ K & Z (j g k) U¥ KzU¥j U & g (t g m)
¶è Zx¶è K & l & Y (j g Shift N g Shift U¨ bvU¨ U ¨ (t Shift Z)
B) Uª Uªjvi U ª (t z)
² m‚² K & l & g (j g Shift N g m) ƪ †nwƪK U & U ª (t g t z)
L Lo L (Shift J) V VvÛv V (Shift T)
L¨ gyL¨ L ¨ (Shift J Shift Z) V¨ cvV¨ V ¨ (Shift T Shift Z)
M Mg M (o) W WvjWv W (e)
¸ ¸nv M y (o s) Ç AvÇv W & W (e g e)
º evwº M & ` (o g l) Wª Wªqvi W ª (e z)
» gy» M & a (o g Shift L) W¨ RvW¨ W ¨ (e Shift Z)
Mœ fMœ M & b (o g b) X XvKv X (Shift E)
M¥ evM¥x M & g (o g m) X¨ abvX¨ X ¨ (Shift E Shift Z)
M¨ fvM¨ M ¨ (o Shift Z) Y iY Õ Y (Shift B)
MÖ MÖnY M ª (o z) È NÈv Y & U (Shift B g t)
M MvwY M & j (o g Shift L)

7
É DrKÉv Y & V (Shift B g Shift T) c Avc c (r)
Ê LÊ Y & W (Shift B g e) ß `xwß c & Z (r g k)
Yœ welYœ Y & b (Shift B g b) Þ KÞvi c & U (r g t)
Y¦ AY¦q Y & e (Shift B g h) à Mà c & c (r g r)
Y¨ cyY¨ Y ¨ (Shift B Shift Z) c cveb c & j (r g Shift V)
ʪ cyʪ Y & W ª (Shift B g e z) cœ ¯^cœ c & b (r g b)
Z †ZvZv Z (k) c¨ cÖvc¨ c ¨ (r Shift Z)
Ë DËg Z & Z (k g k) cÖ cÖvY c ª (r z)
Ì DÌvb Z & _ (k g Shift K) cÖ“ cÖ“d c ª y ((s z s)
Zœ iZœ Z & b (k g b) d dzj d (Shift R)
Z¡ ivRZ¡ Z & e (k g h) d« d«vB‡W d ª (Shift R z)
Í AvÍv Z & g (k g m) d¬ d¬vM d & j (Shift R g Shift V)
Z¨ wbZ¨ Z ¨ (k Shift Z) e eb e (h)
Ë¡ ZË¡ Z & Z & e (k g k g h) â Kâv e & R (h g u)
Î wgÎ Z ª (k z) e evW e & j (h g Shift V)
Γ kΓ Z ª y (k z s) ã kã e & ` (h g l)
_ _vKv _ (Shift K) ä jä e & a (h g Shift L)
_¡ c„_¡x _ & e (Shift K g h) eŸ AveŸv e & e (h g h)
_¨ Z_¨ _ ¨ (Shift K Shift z) e¨ be¨ e ¨ (h Shift Z)
` `v`v ` (l) eª eªv`vi e ª (h z)
˜M D˜Mvi ` & M (l g o) f fiv f (Shift H)
˜N D˜NvUb ` & N (l g Shift O) f¨ jf¨ f ¨ (Shift H Shift Z)
Ï DÏxcb ` & ` (l g l) å ågY f ª (Shift H z)
× eyw× ` & a (l g Shift L) å“ å“ f ª y (Shift H z s)
™¢ D™¢e ` & f (l g Shift H) åƒ åƒY f ª (Shift H z Shift S)
Ø Øvi ` & e (l g h) f fvw`wgi f & j (Shift H g Shift V)
Ù cÙ ` & g (l g m) g gb g (m)
`¨ A`¨ ` ¨ (l Shift z) æ wbæ g & b (m g b)
`&¸ m`&¸Y ` & M y (l g g o s) ¤ ¤vb g & j (m g Shift V)
™£ D™£vš¿` & f ª (l g Shift H z) ¤ú m¤ú` g & c (m g r)
`ª“ `ª“Z ` ª y (l z s) ç jç g & d (m g Shift R)
`ªƒ we`ªƒc ` ª (l z Shift s) ¤^ K¤^j g & e (m g h)
a avb a (Shift L) ¤¢ Avi¤¢ g & f (m g Shift H)
aŸ aŸwb a & e (Shift L g h) ¤§ m¤§Z g & g (m g m)
a¥ Ava¥vb a & g (Shift L g m) g¨ ig¨ g ¨ (m Shift Z)
a¨ a¨vb a ¨ (Shift L Shift Z) gª mgªvU g ª (m z)
aª waªqgvb a ª (Shift L z) ¤ú K‡¤úBb g & c & j (m g r g Shift V)
aª“ aª“e a ª y (Shift L z s) ¤£ m¤£g g & f ª (m g Shift H z)
aªƒ aªƒc` a ª (Shift L z Shift S) h hw` h (w)
b b`x we (b) h¨ kh¨v h ¨ (w Shift z)
›U †cÖwm‡W›U b & U (b g t) i ivZ i (v)
Û AvÛvi b & W (b g e) i“ i“wU i y (v s)
š— `š— b & Z (b g k) iƒ iƒc i ~ (v Shift S)
š’ gš’b b & _ (b g Shift K) j jZv j (Shift V)
›` Avb›` b & ` (b g l) é Dév j & K (Shift V g j)
Ü AÜ b & a (b g Shift L) ê eêv j & M (Shift V g o)
bœ Abœ b & b (b g b) í Aí j & c (Shift V g r)
š^ Zš^x b & e (b g h) î Avîv j & d (Shift V g Shift R)
b¥ Rb¥ b & g (b g m) j¦ wej¦ j & e (Shift V g h)
b¨ Ab¨ b ¨ (b Shift Z) j¥ ¸j¥ j & g (Shift V g m)
›Uª K›Uªv b & U ª (b g t z)) j¨ evj¨ j ¨ (Shift V Shift z)
Ûª GÛªy b & W ª (b g e z) j cje j & j (Shift V g Shift V)
š¿ gš¿ b & Z ª (b g k z) î«v Mvî«v j & d & i (Shift V g Shift R z)
›Ø m›`xc b & ` & e (b g l g h) k kZ k (Shift M)
›`ª P›`ª b & ` ª (b g l z) ï ïµevi k y (Shift M s)
Ü« AÜ« b & a ª (b g Shift L z) kª wekªvg k ª (Shift M z)

8
k kvNv k & j (Shift M g Shift V)
ð wbðq k & P (Shift M g y)
kœ wkkœ k & b (Shift M g b))
k¦ wek¦ k & e (Shift M g h)
k¥ k¥kvb k & g (Shift M g m)
k¨ Aek¨ k ¨ (Shift M Shift Z)
kª“ ïkª“ k ª y (Shift M z s)
kªƒ ïkªƒlv k ª ~ (Shift M z Shift S)
l lvo wkdU Gb (Shift N)
®‹ ﮋ l & K (Shift N g j)
ó Kó l & U (Shift N g t)
ô Kwbô l & V (Shift N g Shift T)
®ú cy®ú l & c (Shift N g r)
õ wbõj l & d (Shift N g Shift R)
®Œ †ZRw®Œq l & K ª (Shift N g j
z)
óª ivóª l & U ª (Shift N g t z)
ò K…ò l & Y (Shift N g Shift B)
®§ MÖx®§ l & g (Shift N g m)
m mvZ m (n)
m¨ bm¨ m ¨ (n Shift Z)
mª †mªvZ m ª (n z)
¯‹ Z¯‹i m & K (n g j)
ö öjb m & L (n g Shift J)
¯— n¯— m & Z (n g k)
¯’ my¯’ m & _ (n g Shift K)
¯ú ci¯úi m & c (n g r)
ù ùxZ m & d (n g Shift R)
¯¿ A¯¿ m & Z & i (n g k z)
ø øvb m & b (n g b)
¯^ ¯^fve m & e (n g h)
¯§ f¯§ m & g (n g m)
¯Œz ¯Œz m & K ª (n g j z s)
¯ú ¯cvBb m & c & j (n g r g Shift V)
n nvwZ n (i)
û eû n y (i s)
ü ü`q n „ (i a)
nè Acivnè n & Y (i g Shift B)
ý wPý n & b (i g b)
nŸ AvnŸvb n & e (i g n))
þ eªvþY n & g (i g m)
n¨ mn¨ n ¨ (i Shift Z)
n« n«` n ª (i z)
n¬ Avn¬v` n & j (i g Shift V)
o eo o (p)
p Abp p (Shift P)
q Avq q (Shift W)
r wPr r (Shift Back Slash)
s is s (Shift Q)
t A_t t (Back Slash-/)
u Puv` u (Shift 7)
& nmš— AvM&dv & (gg)