Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Equipment and Piping 2
Equipment and Piping 2
Todkar
9967479134
Fig. 3.1.4a
Fig. 3.1.4b
Fig. 3.1.5
DISCHARGE PIPING
SUCTION PIPING
ISOLATION VALVE
PRESSURE
PI INDICATOR
CONCENTRIC
REDUCER
ECCENTRIC
'Y' TYPE REDUCER
STRAINER F.S.D
DRAIN
CL PUMP CASTING
DRAIN
BYPASS LINE
BYPASS LINE
(ALT)
COOLER
Fig. 3.3.1b
The basic principles adopted in the heat exchanger
piping are:
a) The working spaces should be kept clear of
any piping and accessories to facilitate
channel, shell- cover and tube bundle removal,
as well as maintenance and
cleaning.
b) Excessive piping strains on the exchanger
nozzles from the actual weight of pipe
and fittings and from forces of thermal
expansion should be avoided.
c) The piping shall be arranged in such a way that no
temporary support will be required for removing
the channel and tube bundle.
d) Provide easily removable spool pieces, flanged
elbows, break flanges, or short pipe runs to provide
adequate clearances for the operation of tube
removal.
e) The pipe lines with valves and control valves should
run along with access aisle close to the exchanger.
f) Pipe line connecting the exchanger with adjacent
process equipment can run point to point just above
required head room.
g) Steam lines connecting the header on the rack can
be arranged on either side of the exchanger
h) Valve handles should be made accessible from the
grade and from access way. These access way
should be used for arranging manifolds, control
valves stations and instruments
i) To avoid condensate drainage toward exchanger, the
preferred connection for steam lines is to the top of
the header. However, there is nothing wrong in having
a steam connection from the bottom of the header if
steam traps are placed at the low point
j) The standard dimensions related to exchanger
piping are given in sketch.
These details are illustrated in Fig. 3.3.2.
Fig. 3.3.2a
Fig. 3.3.2b
The basic types used in the chemical process
industry are –
1) Fixed tube-sheet Heat Exchange
2) `U’ Tube Heat Exchangers
3) Floating Head type Exchangers
4) Kettle type Heat Exchanger
HEAT EXCHANGE NOMENCLATURE
N-2 NOMENCLATURE OF HEAT EXCHANGER
COMPONENTS
E L
A ONE PASS SHELL
FIXED TUBESHEET
LIKE "A" STATIONARY HEAD
CHANNEL
AND MOVABLE COVER
M
F
FIXED TUBESHEET
TWO PASS SHELL
LIKE "B" STATIONARY HEAD
WITH LONGITUDINAL BAFFLE
B N
G
FIXED TUBE SHEET
LIKE "N" STATIONARY HEAD
BONNET (INTEGRAL COVER) SPILT FLOW
P
H OUTSIDE PACKED FLOATING HEAD
REMOVABLE
C TUBE
BUNDLE DOUBLE SPLIT FLOW
ONLY
DIVIDED FLOW
N T
PULL THROUGH FLOATING HEAD
D
X
W
SPECIAL HIGH PRESSURE CLOSURE DIVIDED FLOW EXTERNALLY SEALED
FLOATING TUBESHEET
32 2 3 6 32 8 1 37 27 29 14 12 34 2
5 34 12 37 33 6 3
BEM
36 4 3 5 31 34 12 1 30 21 27 1 32 9
34
1 34 5 6 10 12 34 35 35 33
CFU
Standards Of The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association
36 4 3 5 34 31 12 34 23 27 28 8 7 32 15 23 24 25 22 36
1 34 5 6 10 33 35 35 34 12 19 20 21
3
AEP
36 34 5 3 10 1 2 28 12 34 27 23 24 26 24 23 15 1 36
4 3 1 6 34 12 35 35 34 12 34 5 3 4
36
15
18
1 5 34 35 12 11 13 12 33
3 10 35 34
36 4 3 34 5 31
15 17 36 34
16
1 5 34 3 6 38 34 12 35 27 28 7 35 12 34 39
AKT
The following alterations can be suggested in order to
achieve optimum piping arrangement.
a) Elbow nozzle permits lowering of heat exchanger to
grade to have better accessibility to valves and instruments.
(Refer Fig. 3.3.3)
b) Angular nozzle can save one or two bends in the pipe
line.The maximum angle from the vertical centre line can be
about 300. (Refer Fig. 3.3.4)
c) Horizontal exchanger can be turned vertical for
conserving floor space. Vertical exchangers can be changed
to horizontal when installation height is restricted
d) Exchanger saddle can also be relocated to adjust to a
line-up or combined foundation design. (Refer Fig. 3.3.2)
Fig. 3.3.3
Fig. 3.3.4a Fig. 3.3.4b
Interchange flow media between tube side and shell side.
This can give the following advantages…
If hotter liquid is allowed to flow through the tube,
this will minimize the heat loss and/or avoid
use of thicker shell insulation.
If high pressure fluid flows on the tube side, only tubes,
tube sheets, channels and cover have to be designed for
high pressure. This reduces shell side thickness and the
cost.
Corrosive liquid should pass through the tube so that
only the tubes and the channels have to be made of
corrosion resistant material.
If one medium is dirty and the other is clean, passing
clean through the shell will result in easier tube bundle
removal and cleaning.
Shell side volume is much more than the tube side
and hence vaporization or condensation of free
flowing fluid is more effective in shell.
Fig. 3.4.4
Fig. 3.4.5
Let us analyze the equipment layout and Piping design for a
distillation column, which is more of an integrated unit than the
individual equipment discussed earlier.
Interactions between hydraulic requirements and piping
configurations require close attention to many fluid and
mechanical details, in order to obtain the most efficient and
economical distillation units.
Fig. 3.5.1
Fig. 3.5.2
Fig. 3.5.3
Fig. 3.5.4
The prime consideration in all these cases is the performance
to achieve the process requirements integrated with economy.
*********