Kidney Transplant

Kidney Transplant

is the organ transplant of a kidney in a patient

with end-stage renal failure. The main types
are deceased and living donor transplant. In
the former, the kidney originates from a
deceased person. In the latter, the kidney is
being donated by a living organ-donor.
Indication:
The main indication for a kidney transplant is
kidney failure, regardless of the cause.
Common causes include:
1. Malignant hypertension
2. Infections
3. diabetes mellitus
4. glomerulonephritis.
Essence of Kidney Transplant

Kidney transplant improves both survival and

quality of life for the patient with End-Stage
Renal Disease.
Complications:

1. Rejection
a) Hyperacute Rejection
b) Acute Rejection
c) Chronic Rejection
2. Infection
3. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
4. Imbalances in electrolytes
Preoperative Management

1. Prepare patient for surgery with information about

operating room routine, and administer preoperative
antibiotics and bowel cleansing regimen.
2. Assess for risk factors thromboembolism (smoking, oral
contraceptive use, varicosities of lower extremities) and
apply antiembolism stockings if ordered. Review leg
exercises with patient and provide information about
pneumatic/sequential compression stockings that will be
used postoperatively.
Preoperative Management
3. Assess pulmonary status(presence of
dyspnea, productive cough, other related
cardiac symptoms) and teach deep breathing
exercises, effective coughing.
4. Ensure optimal physical condition.
5. Bringing the patient's metabolic state to a
level as close to normal as possible.
Intraoperative Management

1. Monitor Vital Signs

2. Review baseline information
3. Reassess skin condition
4. Compare preoperative and postoperative
skin condition and document same.
5. Practice Aseptic Technique
Postoperative Management

Living donor
• Close monitoring of the renal function to
assess for impairment and of the hematocrit
and also for bleeding.
Recipients
• Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Monitor urine output.
Nursing Interventions
1. After the procedure,monitor the client for
the signs and symptoms of rejection: oliguria,
edema,fever, increasing blood pressure, and
swelling or tenderness over the transplanted
kidney or graft.
2. Relieving Pain
3. Promoting Urinary Elimination
4. Preventing Infection
5. Maintaining Fluid Balance