of pola science. Pho SPECIAL SECTION Polar Science INTRODUCTION Momentous Changes at the Poles NEWS IPY Means Doing What It Takes to Get tothe Ends af the Earth Long (and Perilous) Atarch Heralds China's Rise as Polar Research Power Opering Doors to Native Knowledge Sailing the Southern Sea Boom and Bust in a Polar Hot Zone For Exreme Astronamy, Head Due South Race to Plumb the Frigid Depths THrving Acc Bator Onell Could Get Srencedby Waning REVIEWS. Recent Sea-Level Contributions ofthe Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets A Shepherd ond D. Winghom Perspectives onthe Arctic’ Shrinking Sea-ce Cover M,C. Sereze MM. Holland. Steve Arctic Rr Pollution: Origins and Impacts KS. lowondA Stohl —— 5> trip, 2465; Perspect pp. 1503 an 1505 esearhArticlep 1544; Rep p 1859 For related ontne comet space 1459 ergot 1514 ‘opportunities. Yo rng inthe irternatia Polar ear, a special section beginning on 1601 page 1513 explores the mary dimensions tim HeacoxPeter Arnold In. 4529 37 n 1475 Volume 315, Issue 5818 COVER DEPARTMENTS Sunset along the Graham Coast ofthe Antarctic 1959 Science Ontine Peninsla, ln oth the acc and tact, 1451 The Weak in cence meting ce and disrupted ecosstems have 1487 Edtor” Choice ‘ourded the alarm on global waxing. 1870 Comact cence These regions also offer exciting research 1473 Random Samples Nensmahers Science Careers EDITORIAL 1465 Celebrating Polar Science by Alon Lester NEWS OF THE WEEK NASA Declares No Room for Antimatter Experiment 1476 Budget Pressure Puts Hih-Profile Study in Doubt 1477 German Law Stirs Concer Meal Artilacts WillBe 1479 Easier to Sel SCIENCESCOPE 1479 Isa Thinning Haze Unveiling the Real 1480 Global Warming? =r Report Backs More Projects to Sequester CO, 1481 From Coal NEWS FOCUS Asking forthe Meon 1482 Ting a ter Lockat NASA Science US. Math Tests Doa't Line Up 1485 ‘Ocean Study Yells a Tidal Wave of Mcrobial DNA 1486 Bioiuel Researchers Prepare to Reapa New Harvest 1488 VOL3IS 18MARCH ‘CONTENTS cc 1453Science SCIENCE EXPRESS imuNoLocy Promotion of Lymphocyte Eoress into Blood and lymph by Distinct Sources of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate 8. Poppuetal Immune ces more int the blondseam in response toa pi sgna made ‘ned Hoe cls and move it the lmphatic stem when the sme signa Ssmace ese donsicience3139221 GENETICS Strong Association of De Novo Copy Number Mutations with Autism J Sebat etal inividuals nth autism ae more ikl t show vraions inthe nub of copies ol cerain genericrepios than are Ue uated relates. CONTENTS i PLANETARY SCIENCE Subsurface Rader Sounding ofthe South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars JJ. Prout eta Radar mapping of layered deposits t Mors scuth pale shows that they ae pure s1ae ice sting on rateredteran wit velune equal to aglobl ater, layer 1 meters thick, 10.1126%cience.1139672 ASTROPHYSICS Ealy Optical Polarization of a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow ©.6.Mundel etal. Light ene within afew minutes a garnmavcay burst snot songly pears, implying that an aigned magnetic il near the dying source stor inet ring thetast LETTERS TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS BOOKS E7 aL. Global Climate Warming in Drosophila subobscura” J. Tattersall and R. DeSaile, curators, BREVIA ' ng ‘500 ‘Aerosol Trend POLICY FORUM Global satellite data show that the amount of aerosols in the Retum of the Population Growth Factor 1501 Awopospivere decreased from 1991 to 2005, mirroring acomurrent PERSPECTIVES ‘Why ls It Hard to Predict the Future of Ice Sheets? 1503 RESEARCH ARTICLES Fn eta es vss ome pence etna ron ieee G. Joyce >> ResearchAstcie p. 1549 ‘The Structural Basis of Ribozyme-Catalyzed 1549