Capitolul 2

PLD DILQDQFLDU -cadru de fundamentare

a deciziilor economice
Pro f . d r . St e l i a n ST AN CU

6WUXFWXUDSLH HLILQDQFLDUH
3LD DILQDQFLDU
- HVWHPHFDQLVPXOSULQFDUHDFWLYHOHILQDQFLDUHVXQWHPLVHúLLQWURGXVHvQ
circuitul economic;
- HVWHIRUPDW GLQGRX PDULsectoare:
- sectorul bancar;
- sectorul titlurilor financiare

3LD DILQDQFLDU

3LD DFUHGLWXOXLVHFWRUXOEDQFDU 3LD DWLWOXULORUILQDQFLDUH

Pe termen lung Pe termen scurt 3LD DGHFDSLWDO 3LD DPRQHWDU

(titluri financiare (titluri financiare
pe termen lung) pe termen scurt)

DF LXQL REOLJD LXQL

Figura 2.1. 6WUXFWXUDSLH HLILQDQFLDUH
&LUFXOD LDIRQGXULORUvQHFRQRPLHVHUHDOL]HD] SHXUP WRDUHOHF L
- prin ILQDQ DUH LQGLUHFW : FRQFHQWUDUHD GLVSRQLELOLW LORU E QHúWL OD
E QFL úL XWLOL]DUHD GH F WUH DFHVWHD D UHVXUVHORU DVWIHO DWUDVH SHQWUX
creditarea utilizatorilor de fonduri;
- prin ILQDQ DUHGLUHFW : HPLVLXQHGHWLWOXULILQDQFLDUHGHF WUHXWLOL]D-
WRULLGHIRQGXULSHSLD DILQDQFLDU .
16 7UDQ]DF LLúLSLH HILQDQFLDUH7HRULHúLDSOLFD LL

Cererea de fonduri pe termen lungSURYLQHGHODFkWHYDPDULFDWHJRULLGHDJHQ L

economici:
- VWDWXO úL FROHFWLYLW LOH ORFDOHRUDúH UHJLXQL SULQ HPLVLXQHD GH
REOLJD LXQLDOHVWDWXOXLVDXPXQLFLSDOH
- firme din sectorul de stat care fac apel la fondurile disponibile pentru
nevoiOHORUGHLQYHVWL LLvQHQHUJLHWUDQVSRUWXULLQGXVWULHDHURVSD LDO 
DUPDW HWF;
- VRFLHW LOHFRPHUFLDOHSULYDWHFDUHIDFDSHOODSLD DFDSLWDOXOXLDWkWvQ
PRPHQWXO FRQVWLWXLULL FkW úL vQ WLPSXO DIDFHULORU HPL kQG DF LXQL úL
REOLJD LXQL
- E QFLOH úL VRFLHW LOH ILQDQFLDUH, al c URU URO SULQFLSDO HVWH DFHOD de a
IDFLOLWDFLUFXLWXOFDSLWDOXOXLDVLJXUkQGOLFKLGLWDWHDSLH HLILQDQFLDUH
Oferta de fonduri pe termen lung provine din economisire, la nivelul
GH LQ WRULORUGHYHQLWXUL: persoane fizice sau juridice:
- creându-úLDFWLYHEDQFDUH;
- investi LL directeVXEIRUP GHLQYHVWL LLUHDOHLQVWDOD LLHFKLSDPHQWH
PDúLQL XWLODMH HWF VXE IRUP  GH SODVDPHQW LQYHVWL LL ILQDQFLDUH
SULQDFKL]L LRQDUHDGHWLWOXULILQDQFLDUH
GXS FHDFHúWLDvúLVDWLVIDFQHYRLOHGe consum.
Sunt GRX FDWHJRULL de investitori:
- individuali FDUH IDF WUDQ]DF LL GH GLPHQVLXQL PRGHVWH SH SLD D
titlurilor financiare;
- LQVWLWX LRQDOLDGLF VRFLHW LOHVDXLQVWLWX LLOHFDUHWUDQ]DF LRQHD] XQ
volum mare de titluri financiare.
'DF OHJ WXUDvQWUHFHUHUHDúLRIHUWDGHFDSLWDOvQHFRQRPLHVHUHDOL]HD] SULQ
LQWHUSXQHUHD XQXL WHU  vQWUH GH LQ WRUXO GH IRQGXUL úL XWLOL]DWRUXO DFHVWRUD HVWH
vorba de o SLD LQWHUPHGLDr 
Deoarece LQWHUPHGLDULL DF LRQHD]  GXS  SULFLSLXO FODVLF DO E QFLORU HL Ve
numesc, generic, LQVWLWX LLEDQFDUH.
,QWHUPHGLDULLILQDQFLDULQXUHYkQGDFWLYHOHSHFDUHOHFXPS U FLFUHHD] QRL
DFWLYHSHFDUHOHYkQGSHSLD 
Principalele categorii de intermediari financiari sunt:
- E QFLOHFRPHUFLDOH;
- FDVHOHGHHFRQRPLLúLvPSUumuturi;
- E QFLOHPXWXDOHGHHFRQRPLL;
- VRFLHW LGHDVLJXU UL;
- fondurile mutuale;
- etc.
3LD D WLWOXULORU ILQDQFLDUH HVWH DFHHD vQ FDUH VH FXPS U  úL VH YkQG DFWLYH
ILQDQFLDUHI U DILVFKLPEDW QDWXUDORU
PLD DFDSLWDOXOXL:
- HVWH IRUPDW  GLQ acele instLWX LL FDUH FDQDOL]HD]  FHUHUHD úL RIHUWD GH
capital, cum sunt:
- E QFLOH
Capitolul 2. 3LD DILQDQFLDU -cadru de fundamentare a deciziilor economice 17

- bursa de valori;
- VRFLHW LOHGHDVLJXU UL
- VHQHJRFLD] tLWOXULOHILQDQFLDUHSHWHUPHQOXQJvQSULQFLSDOREOLJD LXQLOH
úLDF LXQLOH;
- DUHGRX FRPSRQHQWH
- SLD D SULPDU  XQGH DJHQ Li economici (guvernul, firmele de
DIDFHUL DGPLQLVWUD LLOH ORFDOH HWF FH DX QHYRLH GH IRQGXUL
RIHU QRLWLWluri financiare pe termen lung;
- SLD D VHFXQGDU , care FXSULQGH EXUVD GH YDORUL úL SLH HOH
titluri-lor financiare pe termen lung, emise în prealabLO úL
QHLQFOXVHvQFDGUXOWUDQ]DF LLORUODEXUVD
Utilizatorii de 6RFLHW LGH Bursa de
fonduri intermediere Investitori valori ,QYHVWL LL

3LD DSULPDU 3LD DVHFXQGDU

Figura 2.2. )RUPHOHSLH HLFDSLWDOXULORU

PiH HOH SULPDU úLsecundar XQUROGHFRQFHQWUDUHDFHUHULLúLRIHUWHLGHWLWOXUL

GDU D XQHL FHUHUL úL RIHUWH GHULYDWH FDUH VH PDQLIHVW  GXS  FH SLD D WLWOXULORU V-a
constituit: Este ceea ce se numHúWH SLD DEXUVLHU sau bursa în sens larg.
6RFLHW LOH ILQDQFLDUH UHDOL]HD]  OHJ WXUD GLQWUH GH LQ WRULL GH IRQGXUL úL
utilizatorii.
FuQF LLOHVRFLHW LORUfinanciare:
- angajamentul de distribuire a titlurilor financiare la emisiune;
- GLVWULEX LDSULPDU úLVHFXQGDU ;
- FRPHU XOFXWLWOXULUHVSHFWLYYkQ]DUHDúLFXPS UDUHDGHWLWOXULvQQXPH
úLSHFRQWSURSULX;
- LQWHUPHGLHUHD vQ FRPHU XO FX WLWOXUL UHVSHFWLY YkQ]DUHDFXPS UDUHD
DFHVWRUDvQFRQWXOXQRUWHU L
6RFLHW LOH FRPHUFLDOH care DF LRQHD]  doar SH SLD D VHFXQGDU  VH QXPHVF
VRFLHW LGHEXUV VDXILUPHEURNHUGHDOHU
ExiVW  úL LQVWLWX LL FDUH vQGHSOLQHVF IXQF LL DGLDFHQWH GDU GHRVHELW de importante
SHQWUXIXQF LRQDUHDDFHVWHLSLH H
- ILUPHGHHYDOXDUHDFDOLW LLWLWOXULORUILQDQFLDUH;
- firme de control financiar;
- ILUPHGHFRQVXOWDQ ILQDQFLDU ;
- firme de marketing financiar.
Una din componentele GH ED]  DOH SLH HL FDSLWDOXrilor este Bursa de Valori,
FDUHúL-DGHVFKLVRSHUD LXQLOHvQVHSWHPEULHvQFDGUXOHLFXPS UkQGX-seúL
18 7UDQ]DF LLúLSLH HILQDQFLDUH7HRULHúLDSOLFD LL

vânzându-se DF LXQL GH RELFHL vQ FRQWXO FOLHQ LORU FDUH YRU SO WL XQHL ILUPH GH
brokeri pentru serviciile prestate.
GXYHUQHOHúLRDPHQLLGHDIDFHULVXQWREOLJD LV RE LQ FDSLWDO
- GH SH SLH HOH LQWHUQD LRQDOH GH FDSLWDO FRPSXVH GLQ SLH HOH QD LRQDOH
GHFDSLWDODOH ULORUPDLERJDWH
- GHODLQVWLWX LLOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHGHH[HPSOX%,5', BERD etc.

5ROXOGHLQWHUPHGLDUDOE QFLLSHSLD DPRQHWDU úLD

capitalurilor

Cei care economisesc

Persoane
Firme comerciale particulare care
FDUHvPSUXPXW  BANCA
care intermedia] vQWUH vPSUXPXW 
FHLFHHFRQRPLVHVFúL
Lichiditate pentru Lichiditate pentru
ILQDQ DUHDSH ILQDQ DUHDSH
investitori (cei ce dau
vPSUXPXWúLFHLFH
termen lung a termen scurt a
consumului
vPSUXPXW  SURGXF LHL

,QYHVWL LL
Consum

3URGXF LH

Crearea de locuri de &UHúWHUHD

PXQF EXQ VW ULL

Figura 2.3. 5ROXOGHLQWHUPHGLDUDOE QFLORU

&HOHPDLLPSRUWDQWHSLH HGHIRQGXULGHVWLQDWHFUHGLW ULLVXQW:

- SLD DPRQHWDU (pe termen scurt);
- SLD DFDSLWDOXULORU (pe termen lung).
3LD DPRQHWDU SLD DWLWOXULORUSHWHUPHQVFXUW
D% QFLFHQWUDOHVDXGHHPLVLXQH(OHDXXUP WRDUHOHIXQF LL
- DVLJXUDUHD úL UHJODUHD FDQWLW LL GH EDQL vQ FLUFXOD LH úL D UDWHORU
dobânzii;
- prevenirea falimentelor bancare;
- DXWRUL]DUHDúLVXSUDYHJKHUHDH[HUFLW ULLIXQF Lei de operator bancar;
- RIHULUHDGHVHUYLFLLVSHFLILFHE QFLORUFRPHUFLDOHHOHGH LQPDMR-ritatea
UH]HUYHORUE QFLORUFRPHUFLDOH
- SXQHUHDvQFLUFXOD LHDEDQFQRWHORUúLDPRQHGHORUGLYL]LRQDUH
Capitolul 2. 3LD DILQDQFLDU -cadru de fundamentare a deciziilor economice 19

b) % QFL FRPHUFLDOH: IXUQL]HD]  EDQL DJHQ LORU HFRQRPLFL SH baza resurselor
E QHúWLDWUDVHúLDFDSLWDOXOXLSURSULX
Avem:
- E QFL GH GHSR]LWvúLSURFXU UHVXUVHOHILQDQFLDUHSULQGHSXQHULOHSH
WHUPHQVFXUWDOHFOLHQ LORUV L
- E QFL LSRWHFDUH  vúL SURFXU  PLMORDFHOH QHFHVDUH SULQ HPLVLXQHD GH
vQVFULVXULúLREOLJD LXQLLSRWHFDUH
c) Casele de economii VXQW LQWHUPHGLDUL ILQDQFLDUL FDUH FROHFWHD]  R SDUWH
LPSRUWDQW  GLQ UHVXUVHOH E QHúWL DOH SRSXOD LHL SH FDUH R RIHU  DSRL SH SLD D
LQWHUEDQFDU .
G 6RFLHW LOH GH DVLJXU UL VXQW LQVWLWX LL FDUH JDUDQWHD]  DVLJXUDWului, în
VFKLPEXO SO LL XQHL VXPH GH EDQL SROL D GH DVLJXUDUH GHVS JXELUHD WRWDO  VDX
SDU LDO  vQFD]XO SURGXFHULL XQXLHYHQLPHQW LQFHQGLLIXUWHWF vPSRWULYD F UHLD
persoana s-a asigurat.
3H SLD D PRQHWDU  RELHFWXO WUDQ]DF LLORU vO FRQVWLWXLH PRQHGD QXPHUDU úL/sau
banii de cont. $LFLVXQWLQFOXVHúLWLWOXULOHILQDQFLDUHSHWHUPHQVFXUW
- HIHFWHOHGHFRPHU : cambia, biletul la ordin etc;
- certificatele de depozit, bonurile de tezaur.
)LHFDUHEDQF FRPHUFLDO GRUHúWHV RE LQ XQYHQLWGLQGREkQ]LSULn plasarea pe
termen scurt a unor fonduri, care nu sunt necesare imediat, pentru:
-DFRUGDUHDGHvPSUXPXWXULFOLHQ LORUV L
-FRQVWLWXLUHDUH]HUYHORUREOLJDWRULLFHUXWHGH%DQFD1D LRQDO 
3HULRDGHOHGHDFRUGDUHúLGHOXDUHFXvPSUXPXWSRWILGHSkQ ODXn an, dar, de
obicei, sunt mai scurte.
3LD DFDSLWDOXULORUSLD DWLWOXULORUSHWHUPHQOXQJ
(VWH SLD D IRQGXULORU GHVWLQDWH FUHGLW ULL Se termen lung, spre deosebire de
SLDWDPRQHWDU FDUHHVWHSLD DIRQGXULORUSHWHUPHQVFXUW

2SHUD LXQLOHE QFLlor comerciale

3ULQFLSDOHOHIXQF LLDOHE QFLORUFRPHUFLDOHVXQW:
1) mobilizarea resurselor;
2) distribuirea creditelor.
OSHUD LXQLVSHFLILFHDOHE QFLORU:
- oSHUD LXQLSDVLYHGHGHSR]LWHODYHGHUHúLODWHUPHQvQFRQWQXPHUDU
úLFXWLWOXUL;
- RSHUD LXQLDctive, de acordare de credite;
- RSHUD LXQL DFFHVRULL UHVSHFWLY FXPS UDUH YkQ]DUH FXVWRGLH úL
DGPLQLVWUDUH GH DFWLYH PRQHWDUH WUDQVIHUXUL RSHUD LXQL GH FOHDULQJ úL
DOWH RSHUD LXQL GH YLUDPHQW SH FRQW SRSULX VDX vQ FRQWXO WHU LORU
SUHFXPúLSULPLUHDGHWLWOXULvQJDMVDXvQS VWUDUH;
20 7UDQ]DF LLúLSLH HILQDQFLDUH7HRULHúLDSOLFD LL

- RSHUD LXQLFRQH[HUHVSHFWLYRSHUD LXQLYDOXWDUHRSHUD LXQLFXPHWDOH

SUH LRDVH VDX FX RELHFWH FRQIHF LRQDWH GLQ DFHVWHD SODVDPHQWXO
VXEVFULHUHD JHVWLRQDUHD S VWUDUHD úL FRPHU XO FX WLWOXUL FRQVXOWLQJ
EDQFDU JDUDQ LL mandatari sau alte activit L FDUH SRW IL DVXPDWH SH
FRQWSURSULXVDXvQFRQWXOFOLHQ LORU
2SHUD LXQLOHEDQFDUHVSHFLILFHSRWILFRQVLGHUDWHúLUHXQLWHGXS VHQVXOORUvQ
RSHUD LXQLSDVLYHúLRSHUD LXQLDFWLYH

2SHUD LXQLSDVLYH
$FHVWHD UHSUH]LQW  SHQWUX E QFLOH FRPHUFLDOH RSHUD LXQLOH GH FRQVWLWX-ire a
UHVXUVHORU E QHúWL GH OD SHUVRDQH IL]LFH úL MXULGLFH vQ YHGHUHD S VWU ULL úL
IUXFWLILF ULLORU
2SHUD LXQLOHSDVLYHSUHSRQGHUHQWHvQDFWLYLWDWHDE QFLORUFRPHUFLDOHVXQW
- depozitele;
- rescontulúLRSHUD LXQLOHVLPLODUH;
- capitalul propriu.
Depozitele bancareUHSUH]LQW :
- R IRUP  SULQFLSDO  GH PRELOL]DUH D FDSLWDOXULORU úL HFRQRPLLORU
temporar disponibile;
- SHQWUXGHSXQ WRUL FUHDQ H FUHGLWRDUHID  GHEDQF  PLMORDFH GH SODW
pe cDUH DFHúWLD OH SRW XWLOL]D vQ RULFH PRPHQW SHQWUX HIHFWXDUHD GH
SO LSULQRSHUDUHvQFRQW
ÎQIXQF LHGHQDWXUDúLWHUPHQXOORU, avem:.
- depozite la vedere;
- depozite la termen.
Depozitele la vedere VH FDUDFWHUL]HD]  SULQ HODVWLFLWDWH vQWUXFkW GHSXQ WRULi pot
GLVSXQHvQRULFHPRPHQWGHHOHSHQWUXSO LVDXUHWUDJHULGLQFRQW
ÌQ SUDFWLFD LQWHUQD LRQDO  GHSR]LWHOH OD YHGHUH DX PDL PXOWH forme de
H[LVWHQ :
- conturi curente - SHQWUX FDUH E QFLOH ILH QX DFRUG  GREkQ]L ILH
ERQLILF RGREkQG IRDUWHUHGXV GDWRULW IDSWXOXLF IXQF LDSULQFLSDO 
DDFHVWXLFRQWHVWHHIHFWXDUHDRSHUD LXQLORUGHFDVLHULHDOHWLWXODULORUGH
cont;
- conturi de depozit -DVLJXU IUXFWLILFDUHDXQRUHFRQRPLLSHXQWHUPHQ
mai îndelungat.
Depozitele la termen UHSUH]LQW  IRUPD SULQFLSDO de atragere a sumelor ce vor
FRQVWLWXLVXUVHOHDFWLYLW LLGHFUHGLWDUH
Rescontul UHSUH]LQW  R PRGDOLWDWH GH SURFXUDUH GH UHVXUVH QRL SULQ FHGDUHD
SRUWRIROLXOXL GH HIHFWH FRPHUFLDOH SURYHQLWH GLQ VFRQWDUH XQHL DOWH E QFL úL
DQXPHE QFLLGHVFRQWVDXGHUHJXO E QFLLGHHPLVLXQH
Similare rescontului sunt RSHUD LXQLOHGHORPEDUGDUH:
- RSHUD LXQLGHvPSUXPXWSHJDUDQ LLGHHIHFWHSXEOLFH;
- REOLJD LXQLúLERQXULGHWH]DXU;
Capitolul 2. 3LD DILQDQFLDU -cadru de fundamentare a deciziilor economice 21

- RSHUD LXQLSULQ FDUHEDQFD GHGHSR]LW RE LQHGHOD EDQFD GHHPLVLXQH

resurse pe termen scurt.
Rescontul úL lombardarea VXQW RSHUD LXQL FRQFUHWH SULQ FDUH DUH ORF
recreditarea.
Capitalul propriu úLIRQGXULOHGHUH]HUY constituite din profitul brut au un
DSRUWUHODWLYUHGXVODIRUPDUHDUHVXUVHORUGHFUHGLWDUHDOHE QFLORUFDLQWHUPHGLDUL
vQUHFLFODUHDúLYDORULILFDUHDFDSLWDOXULORU

2SHUD LXQLDFWLYH
RHSUH]LQW RSHUD LXQLOHSULQFDUHE QFLOHFRPHUFLDOHvúLDQJDMHD] UHVXUVHOHvQ
YHGHUHDRE LQHULLGHSURILW
2SHUD LXQLOHDFWLYHVHJUXSHD] vQ
- RSHUD LXQLGHFUHGLWDUHDJHQ LHFRQomici;
- RSHUD LXQLGHFUHGLWDUHSHUVRDQHIL]LFH
- RSHUD LXQLGHSODVDPHQW

2SHUD LXQLGHFUHGLWDUHDDJHQ LORUHFRQRPLFL

Se disting din punctul de vedere al naturii obiectului creditat, urmatoarele

categorii privind creditarea:
- creditarea capitalului fix, pULQ HPLVLXQLOH GH DF LXQL úL REOLJD LXQL
3HQWUX DFKL]L LRQDUHD GH HFKLSDPHQWH E QFLOH DFRUG  FUHGLWH SH WHUPHQ
PHGLX úL OXQJ FUHGLWH VSHFLDOL]DWH SH VHFWRDUH GH DFWLYLWDWH DJULFXOWXU 
FRQVWUXF LLFRRSHUD LHHWF
- creditarea cheltuielilor de exploatare, SHGRX F LSULQFLSDOH
D&UHGLWDUHDFUHDQ HORUFRPHUFLDOH,SULQSUHOXDUHDGHF WUH
E QFLDFUHDQ HORUSHFDUHvQWUHSULQGHUHDIXUQL]RDUHOHDUH
DVXSUDFOLHQ LORUV L
&HDPDLYHFKHWHKQLF FXQRVFXW úLIRORVLW HVWHRSHUD LX-
nea de scontare.
Scontarea UHSUH]LQW  FHVLXQHD FDPELHL F WUH XQ DOW EHQHILFLDU vQ VFKLPEXO
valorii actuale a cambiei.
6FRQWDUHD SH OkQJ  FDUDFWHUXO GH DFW GH YkQ]DUH-FXPS UDUH HVWH vQ DFHODúL
WLPSRRSHUD LXQHGHFUHGLWDUH.
Scontarea UHDOL]HD]  R WUDQVIRrmare a creditului comercial, consacrat de
cambie, în credit bancar.
3HQWUXDHYLWDSUHOXDUHDULVFXOXLGHYDORULILFDUHDFDPELHLE QFLOHFRPHUFLDOH
HIHFWXHD] úLDOWHRSHUD LXQLFDPELDOHSUHFXPSHQVLXQHDúLvPSUXPXWXOGHJDMGH
efecte comerciale.
Pensiunea HVWH RSHUD LXQHD SULQ FDUH EDQFD SUHLD FDPELLOH SH FDUH OH YLQGH
EHQHILFLDUXO FX FRQGL LD U VFXPS U ULL ORU GH F WUH DFHVWD OD WHUPHQHOH GH
FRQYHQ LH
22 7UDQ]DF LLúLSLH HILQDQFLDUH7HRULHúLDSOLFD LL

Împrumutul pe efecte comerciale în gaj VH DFRUG  GH E QFL DWXQFL FkQG
DFHDVWDDSUHFLD] SR]LWLYVROYDELOLWDWHDEHQHILFLDUXOXLGHFDPELLGDUDUHUH LQHULFX
SULYLUHODFDSDFLWDWHDGHSODW DFHORUODO LVHPQDWDUL
b) creditele de trezorerie, VXQW FUHGLWH GHVWLQDWH D DFRSHUL QHFHVLW LOH GH
PLMORDFH FLUFXODQWHvQ YHGHUHD GHVI úXU ULL QRUPDOHD SURFHVXOXL GH SURGXF LHúL
comercializare.
([LVW GRX IRUPHSULQFLSDOH
- avansul în cont curent;
- creditele specializate.
Avansurile în cont curent VH DFRUG  GH F WUH EDQF  SHQWUX HIHFWXDUHD SO LORU
FXUHQWHúLvQFD]XOvQFDUHvQFRQWQXH[LVW GLVSRQLELOLW LEDQFDHIHFWXHD] WRWXúL
RSHUD LXQLOHUHVSHFWLYHvQFDGUXOXQHLOLPLWHFRQYHQLWHQXPLW GHVFRSHULUHGHFRQW
Creditele specializate VXQW GHVWLQDWH D DFRSHUL R VHULH GH QHFHVLW L OHJDWH GH
GHVI úXUDUHDSURGXF LHLFUHGLWHGHFDPSDQLHFUHGLWHSHQWUXVWRFXUL

2SHUD LXQLGHFUHGLWDUHDSHUVRDQHORUIL]LFH

CUHGLWHOHDFRUGDWHGHE QFLVHD[HD] SHXUP WRDUHOHFDWHJRULLGHQHFHVLW L

- SHQWUXFXPS UDUHGHORFXLQ H
- SHQWUXFXPS UDUHGHEXQXULGHIRORVLQ vQGHOXQJDW 
- pentru acoperirea cheltuielilor curente.
CreditHOHSHQWUXFKHOWXLHOLOHFXUHQWHvPEUDF vQSULQFLSDOGRX IRUPH
- vPSUXPXWXULOHSHUVRQDOHDFRUGDWHSHWHUPHQGHODWUHLOXQLODGRLDQLúL
VHDFRUG vQWU-RVXP FDUHV QXGHS úHDVF YHQLWXULOHWLWXODUXOXL
- vPSUXPXWXULOH SH ED]D F U LORU GH FUHGLW FDUH VH acord  vQ FRQGL LL
GLIHULWHúLDQXPH
- ILH SULQ HIHFWXDUHD XOWHULRDU  D SO LORU VFDGHQWH IXQF LH GH
valoarea a ceea ce s-DFXPS UDW;
- fie prin acordarea unui credit pe mai multe luni din care se va
DFKL]L LRQDRPDUI VDXXQVHUYLFLX
2SHUD LXQLGHSODVDPHQt,FRQVWDXvQDFKL]L LDGHHIHFWHSXEOLFHúLDF LXQLDVWIHO
F EDQFDvúLSODVHD] SURSULLOHUHVXUVHSHQWUXRE LQHUHDGHSURILWXUL

2.4. Produse úi servicii bancare

Categorii:
- servicii bancareFDUHVXQWVROLFLWDWHGHFOLHQ LLE QFLL
- produse bancare, rHVSHFWLYFHOHRIHULWHGHEDQF FOLHQ LLORUV L
a) Serviciile bancare cuprind:
- HYLGHQ D RSHUD LXQLORU vQ FRQWXUL FXUHQWH úL LPSOLFLW RSHUDUHD vQ
acesWHFRQWXULSHED] GHGRFXPHQWH
- RSHUD LXQLGHFDV SULPLULúLHOLEHU ULGHVXPHvQQXPHUDU
- RSHUD LXQLOegate de cecuri de decontare
Capitolul 2. 3LD DILQDQFLDU -cadru de fundamentare a deciziilor economice 23

- FHFXULFXOLPLW GHVXP ;
- GLVSR]L LLGHvQFDV ULSO LYLUDPHQWH
- RSHUD LXQLSULYLQGLQVWUXPHQWHOHGHSODW úLGHFUHGLW
- cambia;
- biletul la ordin;
- cecul;
- acceptarea;
- acordarea de aval;
- plata/încasarea acestora;
- scontarea;
- forIHWDUHDDFHVWRUWLWOXULGHFUHDQ 
- RSHUD LXQLOHUHIHULWRDUHODSO LOHvQFDV ULOHHIHFWXDWHODLQWHUQ a
- acreditivelor documentare;
- RUGLQHORUGHSODW vQOHLúLYDOXW HWF
- HPLWHUHDGHVFULVRULGHJDUDQ LHEDQFDU SHQWUXGLIHULWHVFRSXUL.
b) Produsele bancare cuprind:
- acordarea de credite pe termen scurtSkQ ODXQDQ:
- garantate;
- negarantate;
- DFRUGDUHDGHFUHGLWHSHWHUPHQVFXUWúLPHGLXJDUDQWDWHFXJDMVDX
LSRWHF , pentru:
- procurarea de materii prime, materiale etc;
- SURFXUDUHDGHPDúLQLXWLODMHLQYHVWL LLHWF
- acordarea de credite pe termen lung (de la 5 la 25 de ani) pentru
procurarea de:
- echipamente industriale;
- LQVWDOD LL;
- LQYHVWL LLvQFRQVWUXF LLHWF
- SODVDPHQWH GH REOLJD LXQLWLWOXUL HPLVH GH VWDW VDX GH VRFLHW L
particulare pentru procurarea de fonduri;
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- închirierea de seifuri SHQWUX GHSR]LWDUHD GH YDORUL PDWHULDOH úL
documente;
- DFWLYLW L GH FRQVXOWDQ în domeniile bancare, fiscale, juridice,
SODVDPHQWHLQYHVWL LL
- depuneri pe carnete (librete) de economii în diverse scopuri;
- HOLEHUDUHD úL UHPLWHUHD GH FHUWLILFDWH GH depozit pentru sume la
YHGHUHúLODWHUPHQGHODROXQ ODOXQL
- gestiunea portofoliului de hârtii de valoare
- DF LXQL ;
- REOLJD LXQLHWF
- schimb valutar;
- cecuri dHF O WRULH;
- leasing-ul.