dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno

g} lsg <
k[i7e"ld M
b]zdf ljBdfg Jofks u/LaL, a]/f]huf/L, åGå / c;dfgtfh:tf cle;fksf] cGTou/L dfgj
ljsf; / cfwf/e"t ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;u/L zflGt, ;d'Gglt / bLuf] ljsf;sf] cfd
g]kfnLx?sf] rfxgf k"/f ug{ j}1flgs lzIffsf] ljsf; / o;df cfd hgtfsf] kxF'r clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] .
Jojxfl/s, /f]huf/Ld"ns, 1fg, ;Lk, lj1fg, / k|fljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|wfgtf lbPsf b]zx?n] rf}tlkm{
ljsf; xfFl;n u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf ;fdfGo lzIffsf] If]qdf s]xL pknAwL k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!%
;Dddf ;a}nfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIff k|bfg ug]{ ;x>flAb ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ ;/sf/L gLlt /
sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogsf r/0fdf 5g\ . t/ k|fljlws / k|f}Bf]lus lzIffsf] ljsf;n] vf;} ult lng
;s]sf] 5}g . Toltdfq x}g, cfwf/e"t txsf] >d, ;Lk ljsf;sf] hgrfxgf klg k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
xfn b]zdf !$ jif{b]lv #) jif{;Ddsf] pd]/ ;d"xsf] cg'dflgt hg;+Vof sl/a &# nfv 5 .
h;dWo] !% b]lv @) k|ltztn] ljBfno hfg] cj;/ g} k|fKt u/]sf 5}gg\ . ljBfno hfg]x?dWo] klg
sIff ! df egf{ ePsfdWo] sl/a *) k|ltztn] dfWolds tx kf/ ug{ g;s]sf] cg'dfg 5 . aLrd}
k9fO 5f]8\g] of P;=Pn=;L= cg'QL0f{ x'g]x?sf] ckf/ Ifdtf ePsf] 7"nf] o'jf zlQm p2]ZoxLg eP/ lbu
e|ldt x'g afWo 5 .
P;=Pn=;L= kf/ ug]{dWo] clwsf+zn] dfgljsL tyf ;fdflhs zf:qsf] pRr lzIff xfl;n u5{g\
eg] lj1fg lzIff xfl;n ug]{x?sf] ;+Vof Ps k|ltzteGbf sd 5 . To;df klg Jojxfl/s lj1fg /
k|ljlwsf] If]qdf pRr lzIff xfl;n ug]{sf] ;+Vof Hofb} ;Lldt 5 . of] tx kf/ ug]{x?df klg b]z /
kl/l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f u/L dfgj ;+zfwgsf] u'0ffTds ljsf;df nflukg]{ lzIf0f ;+:yfx? ;Lldt 5g\ .
ePsf klg ;x/ s]lGb|t 5g\ / k|of]ufTds, Jojxfl/s 1fgdf eGbf ;}4flGts 1fg lng–lbgdf s]lGb|t
5g\ .
dfly pNn]lvt ljBfno hfgaf6 al~rt / ljBfno tx pQL0f{ x'g g;s]sf ;d"xsf af/]df
/fHon] :ki6 gLlt cjnDag ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0fn] l:ylt ljikmf]6s x'g k'us ] f] 5 . lzlIft / clzlIft
b'j} ;d"xsf o'jfx? nIoxLg b]lvG5g\ . g}/f:otf 5fPsf] 5 . åGå a9]sf] 5 . ljs[lt km}nFbf] qmddf 5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] nflu clwsf+z o'jfx? ljb]z knfog ePsf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)^%.^^ ;Dddf !$ nfv
eGbf a9L o'jfx? /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z uPsf] cg'dfg 5 -cfly{s ;e{]If0f @)^^_ . cj}w k|s[ofaf6
ljb]z hfg]x?sf] ;+Vof klg pNn]Vo 5 / lt dWo] clwsf+z Hofb} c;'/lIft jftfj/0fdf cbIf >ldssf]
?kdf lgs[i6 >d ug{ ljj; 5g\ Psflt/ eg] csf]{lt/ b]zn] ;flRr g} ljsf;sf] ult a9fpg] xf] eg]
bzf}+ nfv hgzlQmsf] cefj Joxf]g'{ kg]{ cj:yf b]lvG5 .
ctM dfly pNn]lvt d"n d'2fx?nfO{ s]Gb|ljGb' / dfu{lgb]{z dfg]/ dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fgn]
8]9 bzseGbf a9Lsf] ljutsf] k|fljlws lzIff / ;Lk ljsf;sf] If]qsf] l;sfO{sf cfwf/df jt{dfg
;+/rgfnfO{ kl/:sf/, lj:tf/ / kl/dfh{g u/L pRr z}lIfs u'0f:t/o'Qm / b]zsf] cfjZostfdf
cfwfl/t k|f}Bf]lus lzIffdf ;a}sf] ;dfg kx'Fr x'g]u/L ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno
:yfkgfsf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] .

1
of] ljZjljBfnosf df}lns ljz]iftfx? M
!= b]zsf] ljleGg If]qdf :yfkgf ul/Psf ;/sf/L, lghL Pj+ k|fljlws lzIffnox?af6 pTkflbt
hgzlQmx? (Diploma/Proficiency Certificate Level) hf] ;Ifd / k|lt:kwL{ 5g\, dflyNnf]
txdf hfg] k|j]z k/LIffdf pQL0f{ x'g] of]Uotf /fV5g\, pgLx?n] pRr k|fljlws / k|f}Bf]lus lzIffdf
kx'Fr gkfPsf] x'Fbf To:tf hgzlQmsf nflu of] ljZjljBfnosf] 9f]sf v'Nnf /xg]5 .
@= ;fwf/0f lzIffaf6 Go"gtd k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx kf/ u/]sf t/ /f]huf/L ljd'v eO{ k|fljlws /
k|f}Bf]lus lzIffdf hfg rfxg]x?sf nflu klg o;n] lglZrt k|lqmof (Criteria) lgwf{/0f u/L
Foundation Bridge Course / Jojxfl/s cg'ejsf cfwf/df pko'Qm x'g] txdf of] k|f}Bf]lus
ljZjljBfnon] k|j]z lbg]5 .
#= k|rlnt cGt/f{li6«o k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnox?sf ;j{dfGo l;4fGt tyf dfGotfdf cfwfl/t eP/
g]kfndf klg cfkm"n] xfl;n u/]sf] cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] ;Lk / bIftf (Prior learning) nfO{ Skill
Testing k|s[of dfkm{t dfGotf lbg] / :t/ a[l4 ug{ of]Uotfsf] ;+/rgfTds cfwf/
(Qualification framework) pkof]u u/L cle?rL k/LIff (Aptitude Test) / sfo{ ;Dkfbg
k/LIff (Performance Test) dfkm{t bIftfsf] k|df0fLs/0f ug{sf nflu lg/Gt/ tyf hLjg ko{Gt
;LsfO{ (Life Long Learning) Pj+ (Open Learning Education System) ;d]tsf cfwf/e"t
cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfnfO{ ;dfof]hg Pj+ /fli6««o lzIff gLlt;Fu tfnd]n x'g]u/L / pkNnf] txdf
cWoog ug{ o; k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnon] cjz/ k|bfg ug{]5 .
$= ;fdfGotof cGo ljZjljBfnox?n] !)±@ tx pQL0f{ ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ k|j]z lbG5g\ eg]
k|:tfljt k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnon] cfwf/e't k|f}Bf]lus lzIff dfkm{t ;Lk ljsf;sf] k|f/lDes
txb]lv g} ;+of]hgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ sfdsf] Jojxfl/s cg'ej, l;sfO{ / l;Sg] pT;'stfsf
cfwf/df qmdzM Joj;flos ;Lk tyf k|fljlws lzIffsf] cf}krfl/s txsf] z}lIfs ky
(Educational Carreer Path) dfkm{t k|f}Bf]lus pRr lzIffsf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg ug]{5 .
%= k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffsf] z}lIfs kydf k|j]z ug{ rfxg] t/ cfly{s sf/0faf6
czQmx?sf nflu ;dlk{t o; ljZjljBfnon] æ;Lk l;s, Jojxfl/s cg'ej xfl;n u/,
cfocfh{g u/, k|fljlws lzIff k|fKt u/ / of] qmdnfO{ qmdfut ?kn] lg/Gt/tf lbFb} pRr txsf]
k|f}Bf]lus lzIff xfl;n u/L b]zsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{df lqmofzLn agÆ eGg] l;4fGtdf of]
ljZjljBfnon] sfd ug]{5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu of] ljZjljBfnon] nlIft ju{ k|fljlws z}lIfs
C0f÷pkxf/ sfo{qmd h:tf >[hglzn lqmofsnfk dfkm{t ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ljkGg
ju{ tyf b'u{d If]qsf k|lzIffyL{x?nfO{ pRr lzIffsf] cjz/ k|bfg ug{] of]hgf /fv]sf]5 .
^= k"FhL, k|ljlw, hgzlQm / k|fs[lts ;|f]t–;fwg aLrsf] pTkfbg ;DaGw ;xh / ;/n agfO{
pTkfbsTj a[l4 ug{ pko'Qm k|ljlw cg';Gwfg / ljsf;, >[hgzLntf / cfljisf/nfO{ k|j4{g ug{
;d'bfo;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ 5 . ;Lk / k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f u/L cg'Tkfbs hg;+VofnfO{
pTkfbgzLn hgzlQmdf ?kfGt/0f u/L cfd hg;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/ pRr agfpg 7f]; of]ubfg
lbg] 5 . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t eO{ Pubilc Private Community Approach dfkm{t of]
ljZjljBfno ;~rfng x'g] 5 . lb3{sflng k/f>oaf6 d'Qm eO{ :jfnDaL aGgsf nflu o;
ljZjljBfnosf] d"n cly{s >f]tsf ?kdf k|fs[lts >f]t -hnphf{, jgh+un, h8La'6L cflb_ nfO{
;d]t pkof]u ug{] gLlt cjnDag ug{]5 .

2
xfn;Dd ePsf k|of; tyf kl/0ffdx?M
!= dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fgn] k|fljlws lzIffsf] If]qdf k|fKt cg'ejsf cfwf/df o:tf] k|f}Bf]lus
ljZjljBfnosf] cfjZostf dxz'; u/L ljut w]/} jif{b]lv g]kfn ;/sf/ dfkm{t kxn k|f/De
u/]sf] xf] .
@= k|lti7fgn] cfkm\gf] /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgfdf k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno k|j4{gsf] nIo lgwf{/0f u/L
ljZjljBfno k|j4{g ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 / o; sfo{df cfjZos ;a} k|sf/sf] nufgL ;d]t
u/]sf] 5 .
#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] tLg jifL{o cGtl/d of]hgf -@)^$–^&_ df k|f}Bf]lus
ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ gLlt cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .
$= k|lti7fgsf] kxndf gLlt lgdf{tf, lzIffljb, ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o lgsfo,
ljleGg ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/Lx?, k]zf–Joj;flos tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?;Fu cGt/lqmof,
uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf / a}7sx? ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ / ;'emfj / ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .
%= dfggLo lzIffdGqLHo"sf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] lzIff gLlt lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 @)^% ;fndf
of] cjwf/0ff lzIff dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] 5 .
^= @)^% ;fnd} ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]un] sfo{bn u7g u/L cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf]
5 h;df dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fgsf] ljBdfg k"jf{wf/ yk ub}{ nfg'kg]{ / of] ljZjljBfnosf]
cTofjZosnfO{ x]/L ;/sf/n] 7"nf] kxn (Big Push) ug'{kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf]5 .
&= ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] nuQ} kl5 ul7t tTsfnLg ;/sf/sf cy{dGqLHo"sf] -@)^%.^^_ ah]6
jQmJodf klg k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgfsf nflu /sd ljlgof]hg u/]sf] lyof] .
*= dxfdlxd /fi6«kltn] pb\3f]if ug'{ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfly{s jif{ sfo{qmddf /fvL -@)^^÷^&_
sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf …k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL, ;+:yfut /
k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5Ú pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
(= cf=j= @)^^÷^& sf] dfggLo cy{dGqLsf] ah]6 jQmJodf klg …k|fljlws lzIfftkm{ cufl8
a9fpgsf] nflu k"jf{~rndf k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ul/g] 5Ú pNn]v ePsf] 5 .
!)= ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL dfwj s'df/ g]kfnaf6 hgg]tf dbg e08f/Lsf] gfdaf6 k"jf{~rndf Ps
k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{] k|ltj4tf JoQm ePsf] 5 .1
!!= dbg e08f/L :d[lt k|lti7fg g]kfnn] @)^^ d+l;/ # ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ljZjljBfnosf]
k|j4{gdf ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf ljifos uf]i7Lsf k|d'v cltly tTsflng dfggLo lzIff dGqL /fdrGb|
s'zjfxaf6 æljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"af6 dbg e08f/L
k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnosf ?kdf gfdfs/0f ug{ lgb{]zg ;d]t e};s]sf] 5, jxfFsf] lgb{]zg cg';f/
o; ljZjljBfnosf] ljlwjt :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug{sf nflu oyflz3| ;/sf/n] cfjZos sfg"gL
Joj:yf ug{] s'/f oxfFx?nfO{ cfZj:t ug{ rfxG5'Æ egL k|ltj4tf JoQm ug{' ePsf] lyof] .
!@= lzIff dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 o; ;ldltn] k|:tfj u/]sf] ljw]os kl/dfh{g / sfg"g dGqfnosf]
;'emfj ;lxt dGqL kl/ifb\df k]z ePsf] / dGqL kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t eO{ ljw]os ;ldltsf] lg0f{o
;lxt Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf k]z x'g] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

1
dgdf]xg :d[lt kf]ln6]lSgssf] gjlgld{t ejg tyf kl/;/sf] pb\3f6gsf] nflu lj/f6gu/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf
jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL dfwj s'df/ g]kfnaf6 cfkm\gf] dGtJodf ;d]t æjt{dfg ;/sf/n] 6]Sgf]nf]lhsn ljZjljBfno :yfkgfsf]
cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5, ;DejtM Tof] ljZjljBfno k"jf{~rnd} sd/]8 dbg e08f/Lsf] gfddf :yfkgf ug{] ;f]r cl3 a9]sf] 5
o;nfO{ clGtd ?k lbOg]5Æ egL ;Daf]wg ePsf] 5 .

3
;DalGwt ;a} If]q;Fusf] ck]Iff M
k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffsf] /fli6«o :t/df Jofks lj:tf/sf nflu ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L
;fd'bflos tyf lghL If]qsf] ;fd'lxs ;xeflutf dfkm{t /fli6«o cleofgsf] cfwf/e"ld tof/ kf/L
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf; dfkm{t lbuf] zflGt, ;d'Gglt / ;d[l4 k|fKt ug]{ qmddf k|To]s uf=lj=;=df
5flgPsf] Pp6f ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tufotsf] kxnsbdL tyf
hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ ljsf; u/L slDtdf Pp6f df]8'n/ 6]«lgË ;]G6/, k|To]s %
uf=lj=;=df Pp6f ;Lk ljsf; tyf tflnd s]Gb|, k|To]s !% uflj;df Pp6f k|fljlws lzIffno, k|To]s
lhNnfdf slDtdf Pp6f ax'k|fljlws lzIffnosf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;}u/L ljleGg :yfgsf]
ef}uf]lns, h}ljs ljljwtf, cfly{s, ;fdflhs cflb kl/j]zsf] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df s[lif, kz', jg,
pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, ;]jf÷Joj;fo, ;"rgf÷;~rf/ tyf k|ljlw OToflb;Fu ;DalGwt pRr lzIff
k|bfos dxfljBfnox? :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffnfO{ pRr lzIffdf hf]8\g
;]t' (Bridge) sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIff gLlt dfkm{t
logLx?nfO{ ;+of]hg ;Dj4{g / ;DaGwg lbg] qmddf g]t[TjbfoL ;+:yf (Lead Organization) sf]
?kdf dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfnon] b]ze/d} k|f}Bf]lus lzIffsf] cfwf/e"ld >[hgf ug{ 9f]sf
vf]Ng]5 .
ctM of] ljZjljBfnosf] sfg'gL x}l;ot k|fKt ug{, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ k"/f ug{ / cGo cfjZos
lqmofsnfkdf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf dfggLo ;ef;bHo"x?, g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIffljb, ljz]if1,
;~rf/sdL{ Pj+ ;~rf/ u[x, u}/;/sf/L If]q, /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfo, lzIff k|]dL, ljleGg
;fd'bflos ;+3 ;+:yf, Jofkfl/s tyf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg nufot k]zfut ;+3 ;+:yfx? tyf :yfgLo
lgsfo cflb ;a}sf] ;s[o ;xof]u / of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

dbg e08f/L k|f}Bf]lus ljZjljBfno k|j4{g ;ldlt

cgfdgu/, sf7df08f}, g]kfn
O{d]nM mbtu.mbman@gmail.com
kmf]gM ±(&&–!$@#*#!(