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Respiration Form 3
Respiration Form 3
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
• Gaseous exchange takes place in the
lungs by diffusion
• An alveolus has adaptations to allow it to
exchange gases effectively. It has:
– Large surface area
– Thin and elastic walls
– Surround by a network of blood capillaries
– Moist surface
The breathing mechanism
• Process of taking air into lung = inhalation
• Air enter lung = inhaled air
• Process of expelling air from lung =
exhalation
• Air expelled from lung = exhaled air
Inhalation
Exhalation
Inhalation Exhalation
Rubber sheet
• Bell jar = rib cage
• Balloons = lungs
• Rubber sheet = diaphragm
• When rubber sheet is pulled downwards, air
pressure inside bell jar is lowered. Balloons
expand
• When rubber sheet is pulled upwards, air
pressure inside bell jar increased. Balloons
contract
Transport of oxygen in the human
body
• Involve the following process
– Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into blood
capillaries
– Transport of oxygen by red blood cells
– Diffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into
cells
• Oxygen – diffuse from alveoli to the blood
capillary
• Carbon dioxide - diffuse from blood capillary to
the alveoli
• Oxyigen are not soluble in red blood cell
• red blood cell contain pigment - haemoglobin
red in coloured
• Oxygen will combine with haemoglobin
• Haemoglobin + O2 -> O2Hb(oxyhaemoglobin)
Improtance of healthy respiratory
system
Effect of smoke to respiratory
system
• Cigarette smoke contains irritants chemical :
• A carcinogen - an agent directly involved in
causing cancer.
• Nicotine – cause addicted
• Carbon monoxide – cause death
• Sulfur oxide – acidic = damages lung tissues
• Tar – blackens the lungs and causes them to be
less efficient for gaseous exchange
Bahan – bahan lain yang
merbahaya
• Hasil daripada sisa industri seperti:
– Debu simen
– Debu arang
– Debu asbestos
• Pencemaran daripada asap kenderaan\
– Karbon monoksida
– Hidrokarbon- karsinogenik
– Nitrogen oksida – hujan asid
Masalah pernafasan
• Bronkitis - sejenis keradangan atau
kerengsaan pada saluran pernafasan (tiub
bronkiul) di dalam paru-paru.
• Asma - sejenis penyakit paru-paru yang
terjadi akibat radang dan penguncupan
saluran pernafasan.
• Kanser paru - paru