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Monosodium L-Glutamate Added To A High-Energy, High-Protein Liquid Diet Promotes Gastric Emptying
Monosodium L-Glutamate Added To A High-Energy, High-Protein Liquid Diet Promotes Gastric Emptying
Monosodium L-Glutamate Added To A High-Energy, High-Protein Liquid Diet Promotes Gastric Emptying
to a high-energy, high-protein
liquid diet promotes
gastric emptying
Hiroaki Zai et al
Marniar / C20911804
Pembimbing :
dr.Agussalim Bukhari, MCN, Ph.D,SpGK
12/08/21
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ABSTRACT Background
Free glutamate activates taste receptors on
nerves in the oral cavity to elicit a unique taste
known as umami. Recently, umami taste receptors
were also found in the gastric mucosa. Although
reports suggest that mucosal receptors may
respond to free glutamate to modulate gastric
function, no evidence of any effect on gastric
emptying has been documented.
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Objective
We hypothesized that glutamate may act as a
modulator of gastric function. We studied the
effects of L-glutamate enrichment of a
protein-rich liquid meal, and similar
enrichment of an equicaloric carbohydrate
meal or noncaloric water, on gastric
emptying.
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Design
Ten healthy men were enrolled. Nine of the 10
subjects included in the study ingested all test
meals with and without monosodium L-glutamate
(MSG), and the remaining subject ingested only
the protein-rich meals with and without MSG. All
experimental and control liquid meals included [1-
13C]sodium acetate as a tracer. After a test meal or
water was ingested, 13C breath tests were
performed to estimate gastric emptying.
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Results
MSG enrichment not only resulted in a significant
decrease in the mathematically simulated half-
excretion (emptying) time of a protein-rich meal,
but also increased the area under the curve
(%dose/h) significantly. In contrast, MSG had no
significant effect on the gastric emptying of a
carbohydrate meal or a noncaloric water meal.
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Conclusions
Enrichment with MSG facilitated gastric
emptying of a protein-rich meal exclusively,
which suggests that free glutamate is
important for protein digestion and may be
helpful in the management of delayed gastric
emptying. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89:431–5.
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INTRODUCTION
A wide of factors affect rates of gastric emptying
Delayed gastric emptying can :
1. Reduce hunger
2. Increase satiety
3. Cause stomach discomfort
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L-Glutamate
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SUBJECTS AND METHODS
10 men (mean age 32,4 y ; range 27-45 y)
1. no H.pylori infection
overnight 2. no prev.abd.surgery (exc.appendicitis)
fast 3. no regular medication use
4. no intake of medications during the prev.
week that could alter GI motor function
test meals : 1. prot.rich diet with MSG
2. carbohydrate diet
3 h lie supi- 3. water without MSG
ne position
C breath
13 data analysis statist.analysis
test t1/2 ex ANOVA
total exc.180’ SPSS 16.0
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RESULT
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DISCUSSION
Our finding that a daily-use dose of MSG
promotes gastric emptying after consumption
of a protein-rich liquid meal suggests that we
should direct our attention to the amino acid
composition of foodstuffs to understand a
meals’ effect on digestion.
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The acceleration of gastric emptying
observed only with the high-prot.diet
suggest that glutamate’s effects may
vary depending on other nutritional
factors or ingredients in ingested food.
This report provides evidence that
enrichment of dietary L-glutamate
promotes gastric emptying of a high-
energy, high-protein liquid diet in
humans.
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TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL
MONOSODIUM L-GLUTAMATE
ADDED TO A HIGH-ENERGY,
HIGH-PROTEIN LIQUID DIET
PROMOTES
GASTRIC EMPTYING
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1. UMUM
HAL CHECK LIST PENILAIAN YA TIDAK
YANG
DINILAI
Judul a. Apakah judul tidak terlalu panjang √
Makalah atau terlalu pendek ?
b. Apakah judul menggambarkan isi √
utama penelitian ?
c. Apakah judul cukup menarik ?
√
d. Apakah judul menggunakan singkatan
√
selain yang baku ?
Terstruktur
Abstrak a. Apakah merupakan abstrak satu
paragraf atau abstrak terstruktur ?
√
b. Apakah sudah tercakup komponen
IMRAC (Introduction, Methods, Result,
Conclusion) ?
c. Apakah secara keseluruhan abstrak √
informatif ?
d. Apakah abstrak lebih dari 200 kata ?
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√ 16517
Pendahuluan a. Apakah mengemukakan alasan √
dilakukannya penelitian ?
b. Apakah menyatakan hipotesis atau √
tujuan penelitian ?
c. Apakah pendahuluan didukung oleh
√
pustaka yang kuat dan relevan ?
hasil ?
d. Apakah pembahasan dilakukan √
dengan menghubungkannya dengan
teori dan hasil penelitian terdahulu ?
e. Apakah dibahas hubungan hasil √
dengan praktek klinis ?
f. Apakah disertakan kesimpulan utama
penelitian ? √
g. Apakah kesimpulan didasarkan pada
data penelitian ? √
h. Apakah efek samping dikemukakan
dan dibahas ? √
i. Apakah disebutkan hasil tambahan
selama diobservasi ? √
j. Apakah disebutkan generalisasi hasil
penelitian ?
√
k. Apakah disertakan saran penelitian
selanjutnya, dengan anjuran
metodologis yang tepat ? √
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KHUSUS
Validity
Apakah awal penelitian Tidak , tidak ada disebutkan waktu
didefenisikan dengan jelas ? dilakukannya penelitian.
Apakah desain penelitian Tidak, tersirat sebagai clinical trial.
dinyatakan dengan jelas ? Hanya dinyatakan bahwa “The
schedule of examinations was set
as a double blind study, and the
order of test diets was randomized.”
Apakah ada pembanding yang Ya, antara prot.rich diet,
jelas ? Carbohydrate diet and water. Juga
antara yang diberi MSG dengan
tanpa MSG.
Apakah follow up pasien Tidak panjang tetapi lengkap.
dilakukan cukup panjang dan
lengkap ?
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Apakah faktor kausal Ya. “Knowing that free L-glutamate
dikemukakan ? coexists naturally with dietary
proteins and that L-glutamate
activates the autonomic nervous
system by both taste and GI luminal
stimulation, we investigated whether
L-glutamate enrichment could affect
the rate of gastric emptying.”
Apakah kelompok-kelompok yang Ya. “Ten healthy male volunteers
dibandingkan sebanding pada (mean age: 32,4 y;range:27-45 y)
tahap awal ? without H.pylori infection were
enrolled. The following exclusion
criteria were applied: 1)no previous
abdominal surgery (except
appendictomy), 2)no regular
medications use, 3)no intake of
medications during the previous
week that could alter GI motor
function.”
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Important
Apakah outcome/hasil Ya.
dipaparkan secara jelas
(hasil uji statistik
dengan nilai p) ?
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