ANDROID OS

Abhinav Doomra
108335 IT-2
3rd year
 Introduction
 Android is an operating system for mobile
devices such as cellular phones, tablet
computers and netbooks.
 It was initially developed by Android Inc.
 which was later purchased by Google.
 Google further formed the open handset
alliance

Open Handset Alliance
o The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a
business alliance of 78 firms for developing
open standards for mobile devices
o
oTechnically the term “ OPEN STANDARDS
“ refers to a specification whose description
is freely available .

oThis means that developers are free to

create applications which are valid
according to the specification and which will
therefore work with software designed for it.
Some major names in
OHA
 HTC
 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
 MOTOROLA
 GOOGLE
 NVIDIA ELECTRONICS
 INTEL CORP
 EBAY
 SONY ERRICSON



Android is open source.
 The source code of the android os is
freely available to anyone.
 Being an open source it has the following
advantages
○ Support
○ Cost
○ Flexibility
○

ANDROID
ARCHITECTURE
LINUX KERNEL
 Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for
core system services such as security,
memory management, process
management, network stack, and
driver model. The kernel also acts as
an abstraction layer between the
hardware and the rest of the software
stack.

ANDROID LIBRARIES
 Android includes a set of core libraries that
provides most of the functionality
available in the core libraries of the Java
programming language.
 Every Android application runs in its own
process, with its own instance of the
Dalvik virtual machine.
 The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for
underlying functionality such as threading
and low-level memory management.
LIBRARIES …1
LIBRARIES …2
APPLICATIONS
 This is where we find the basic functions
of the device such as making phone
calls, accessing the Web browser and
accessing contacts list ,etc Android
will ship with a set of core applications
including an email client, SMS
program, calendar, maps, browser,
contacts, and others. All applications
are written using the Java
programming language.

Dalvik Virtual Machine
 The Dalvik VM takes the generated Java
class files and combines them into one or
more Dalvik Executable (.dex) files.
 It reuses duplicate information from multiple
class files, effectively reducing the space
requirement (uncompressed) by half from
a traditional .jar file.
 For example, the
.dex file of the web browser app in
Android is about 200K, whereas the
equivalent uncompressed .jar version is
about 500K.
 Second, Google has fine-tuned the garbage
collection in the Dalvik VM.
 Finally, the Dalvik VM uses a different kind
of assembly-code generation, in which it
uses registers as the primary units of data
storage instead of the stack.30 % fewer
instructions are accomplished as a result.
 We should point out that the final executable
code in Android, as a result of the Dalvik
VM, is based not on Java byte code but
on .dex files instead.
Android 2.2 FROYO
 Released may 2010,
the Froyo was the
most awaited and
rumored edition of
the android till date.


The latest Froyo

home screen
Data Storage




Security:
Upgradations :
 Adobe Flash:
 Android 2.2 comes bundled with Adobe
Flash 10.1, the latest and greatest
version of Flash. Handsets running
Android 2.2 will have full access to the
web’s flash content, including websites
like PopCap games and Farmville.
Just In Time compiler:

 Android 2.2 comes packaged with a little

piece of code called the just in time
(JIT) compiler. A JIT compiler will
increase the speed of Android and its
applications by translating their code
into a form that’s much faster for your
phone to run.
BROWSER BOOST UP !!
 Froyo’s browser supports latest adobe
flash.
 A new javascript engine dubbed as V8
renders executions of javascript upto
two to three times faster

New Developer Services

 CLOUD TO DEVICE COMPUTING :

 Android Cloud to Device Messaging
(C2DM) makes it easier for mobile
applications to sync data with servers.
 Many of the Google applications on
Android already use push to keep their
data fresh, for example Gmail, Contacts,
and Calendar. Starting with Android 2.2,
C2DM allows third-party developers to
use the same service.
To enable C2DM, an application on the
device registers with Google and get a
registration ID, and sends the ID to its
server.
When the server needs to push a
message to the app on the device, it posts
the message via HTTP to Google’s C2DM
servers.
The C2DM servers route the message to
the device, and an Intent broadcast is sent
to the app.
The app is woken up to process the
message in its Intent Receiver.
Future Aspects
 Google android operating system can
be used in netbooks :
 Netbooks are now the fastest growing
segment of the PC market, they are
portable, functional and comparatively
inexpensive. It would make easier for
users of Android powered phones to
share information between pc.



SONY
 Sony Ericsson to
introduce Android
3.0 gaming
platform and PSP
like smartphone

SONY … Contd.
 Will have a 1GHz CPU
 It's a landscape slider with game controls
in place of the typical QWERTY
keyboard.
 The device will be running Gingerbread
(Android 3.0) with a phone-specific
skin.
 There will be a new area of the Android
Market specifically for the games.
Some interesting APPS
 LETSTAKE A LOOK AT SOME OF
INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS THAT
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THE
ANDROID
 Virtual qwerty with SWYPE
technology
 This application produces a virtual qwerty
for the user
 It has an additional feature that you don’t
have to lift your finger from the screen
inorder to type a word
 The word is automatically guessed,
based upon the characters travelled
across



 WI-FI HOTSPOT

 An application lets you turn your phone
into a wi-fi hotspot.


 It enables sharing of your “high speed 3g

“ data network over upto five devices

 LAYAR REALITY
BROWSER
 The Layar Reality Browser shows what is around you by
displaying real time digital information on top of the real
world as seen through the camera of your mobile phone
 Layar works by using a combination of the mobile phone’s
camera, compass and GPS data to identify the user’s
location and field of view, retrieve data based on those
geographical coordinates, and overlay that data over the
camera view.
Conclusion
 Android is a big revolution in the field of
operating system. Its custom virtual machine
optimize memory and hardware resources in
a mobile environment.; it can be liberally
extended to incorporate new cutting edge
technologies as they emerge. The open
source platform will continue to evolve as
the developer community works together to
build innovative mobile applications

QUESTIONS?

Refer
www.google.com :P
THANK YOU