Solutions and their Physical Properties

Molarity

1. A solution contains 5.0g of toluene (C7H8) and 225g of benzene has a density of
0.876g/ml. Calculate the molarity of the solution.

Mole fraction

2. An aqueous solution containing 18.0% MgCl2 by mass has a density of 1.052g/ml.

a) What is the molarity of MgCl2 in this solution?

b) What is the mole fraction of water in this solution?

Molality

3. Calculate the molality of a 5.85 M aqueous ethanol, CH3CH2OH, solution whose

density is 0.927g/mL.
4. A solution is made by dissolving 4.35g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 25.0 mL of water.
Calculate the molality of glucose in the solution. [densityH2O =1.00g/mL]

5. An aqueous solution of acetone (CH3) 2CO is 10.00 % by mass acetone and has a
density of 0.9855g/mL. Calculate:
a) the molality of acetone in this solution

b) the molarity of acetone in this solution

6. The density of a 2.45 M aqueous solution of methanol, CH3OH, is 0.976g/mL. What is

the molality of the solution?

Raoult’s Law

7. Glycerin (C3H8O3) is a nonvolatile nonelectrolyte with a density of 1.26g/mL at 25˚C.

Calculate the vapor pressure at 25˚C of a solution made by adding 50.0mL of glycerin to
500.0 mL of water. The vapor pressure of pure water at 25˚C is 23.8 torr.
Henry’s Law

8. Calculate the concentration of CO2 in a soft drink after the bottle is opened and
equilibrates at 25˚C under a CO2 partial pressure of 3.0x10-4 atm.(k= 3.1x10-2 mol/L-atm)

Osmotic Pressure

9. The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25˚C. What concentration of
glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood?

10. A 100.00 mL solution containing 2.04 g hemoglobin has an osmotic pressure of 5.83
mmHg at 22.5 ˚C. What is the molecular weight of hemoglobin?
Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression

11. For a 0.222 m aqueous solution of sucrose, C12H22O11 [H2O: Kf=1.86˚C/ m,

Kb=0.521˚C /m].

a. What is the boiling point?

b. What is the freezing point?