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Periodic
Periodic
1
H
1
Hydrogen
1.0079
1s1
3 4
Li Be
2 Lithium Beryllium
6.94 9.01
2s1 2s2
11 12
Na Mg
3 Sodium Magnesium
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
22.99 24.31
3s1 3s2 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co
4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.84 58.93
Period
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh
5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.90
5s1 5s2 4d 15s 2 4d 25s 2 4d 45s 1 4d 55s 1 4d 55s 2 4d 75s 1 4d 85s 1
55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir
6 Cesium Barium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium
132.91 137.33 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22
6s1 6s2 5d 16s 2 5d 26s 2 5d 36s 2 5d 46s 2 5d 56s 2 5d 66s 2 5d 76s 2
57 58 59 60 61
La Ce Pr Nd Pm
Lanthanoids 6 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium
(lanthanides) 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145)
5d 16s 2 4f 15d 16s 2 4f 36s 2 4f 46s 2 4f 56s 2
89 90 91 92 93
Ac Th Pa U Np
Actinoids 7 Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium
(actinides) (227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (237)
6d 17s 2 6d 27s 2 5f 26d 17s 2 5f 36d 17s 2 5f 46d 17s 2
*Molar masses (atomic weights) quoted to the number of significant figures
given here can be regarded as typical of most naturally occurring samples.
13 14 15 16 17 18
III IV V VI VII VIII
IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
Tool
2
He
Periodic Table
Helium
4.00
1s 2
5 6 7 8 9 10
B C N O F Ne
Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
2s 22p1 2s 22p 2 2s 22p 3 2s 22p 4 2s 22p 5 2s 22p 6
13 14 15 16 17 18
Al Si P S Cl Ar
Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
10 11 12
26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
IB IIB 3s 23p 1 3s 23p 2 3s 23p 3 3s 23p 4 3s 23p 5 3s 23p 6
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
58.69 63.55 65.41 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
3d 84s 2 3d 104s 1 3d 104s 2 4s 24p1 4s 24p2 4s 24p3 4s 24p4 4s 24p5 4s 24p6
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
4d 10 4d 105s 1 4d 105s 2 5s 25p1 5s 25p2 5s 25p3 5s 25p4 5s 25p5 5s 25p6
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
5d 96s1 5d 106s1 5d 106s2 6s26p1 6s26p2 6s26p3 6s26p4 6s26p5 6s26p6
∫∫∫∫∫∫B
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb
Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium
150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04
4f 66s 2 4f 76s 2 4f 75d 16s 2 4f 96s 2 4f 106s 2 4f 116s 2 4f 126s 2 4f 136s 2 4f 146s 2