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Ôóíêöèéí Õÿçãààð
Ôóíêöèéí Õÿçãààð
f ( x )=x +1 ôóíêöèéí óòãà íü àðãóìåíò x → 2 äàõèí ¿åä 3 ãýñýí òîî ðóó äºõíº. ººðººð õýëáýë x → 2 ¿åä
f ( x ) íü 3-èéí îð÷èíä Ẻãíºðíº. Õ¿ñíýãòýýð õàðóóëáàë.
lim ( x +1 )=3
x →2
Òîäîðõîéëîëò: äóðûí áàãà ýñðýã E( E >0) òîî ñîíãîí àâàõàä ∂> 0 òîî îëäîîä ¿ f ( x )− A∨¿ E òýíöýòãýë áèø
¿ x−a∨¿ ∂ áàéõ á¿õ õ- ¿¿äèéí õóâüä áèåëýæ áàéâàë À òîîã f ( x ) ôóíêöèéí õ íü à-ðóó òýì¿¿ëýõ ¿åèéí
3) lim
x→ a
f ( x ) g ( x )=lim f ( x )∗lim f ( x )
x→ a
lim f ( x )
lim f ( x )
x →∞
4) = x→ a lim g ( x ) ≠ 0
g(x) lim g ( x ) x →a
x →a
k k
5) lim [ f ( x ) ] = lim f ( x )
[ ]
x→ a x→a
6) lim
x→ a
( bx+ c )=ba+c
7) ∀ x ⊂ D f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) áîë
lim f ( x ) ≤ lim g ( x )
x→ a x→ a
Æèøýý 1: lim
x →2
( 4 x +1 )=lim 4 x + lim 1=4∗2+ 1=9
x →2 x →2
lim x 2−9 lim ❑ x 2− 9
x→ 2 x →2 22 −9 −5
Æèøýý 2: = = =
x+ 4 lim x+ 4 2+4 6
x →2
1
lim x 2−
Æèøýý 3: x →−
1
3
9
=x x→−
3
( −1 )
õÿçãààðûã îë. Ýíä lim1 ( 1+ 3 x ) =1+ 3∗ 3 =1−1=0áîëîõ òóë íîîãäâîðûí
1+3 x
õÿçãààðûí òåîðåì øóóä õýðýãëýæ áîëîõã¿é èéìä õ¿ðòâýð áà õóâààðèàñ ( x + 13 ) ¿ðæèãäýõ¿¿í ÿëãàí àâ÷
õóðààõ õýðýãòýé. Èéìä õ¿ðòâýð õóâààðûã ¿ðæâýð áîëãîí çàäëàâàë.
lim x−
x →−
1
3
( 13 )( x + 13 ) −13− 13 −2
x= = =
1 3 9
3( x + )
3
lim √ 2 x +3−1
Æèøýý 4: x→ 1
√ 5+ x−2
Òóë íîîãäâîðûí õÿçãààðûí òåîðåìûã øóóä õýðýãëýæ áîëîõã¿é. Ó÷èð íüΟ - ãýñýí òîäîðõîéã¿é áàéäàë ãàðíà.
Èéìä ºãºãäñºí áóòàðõàéí õ¿ðòâýð áà õóâààðûí õîñëîëîîð ¿ðæ¿¿ëæ õóâààæ ºãâºë
2 2
lim ( √ 2 x+ 3−1 ) ( √ 2 x +3+1 ) ( √ 5+ x−2 ) lim ( ( √ 2 x +3 ) −12 ) ( √ 5+ x−2 ) lim ( 2 x +3−1 ) ( √ 5+ x−2 ) lim 2 ( x
x →−1 x →−1 x →−1 x →−1
= = =
( √ 5+ x +2 ) ( √ 5+ x−2 ) ( √ 2 x +3+1 ) (( √5+ x )2−22 ) ( √2 x+3−1 ) (5+ x−4 ) ( √2 x+ 3+1 ) ( x+ 1 )
2 2
Áîäëîãî¹1: lim ( 7+3 x + x ) =7+3 ( … )+ ( … ) =7−¿
x→−2
x 2−9
Áîäëîãî¹2: lim ¿ = lim ¿ ¿
x→−3 x +3 x →−3
2
lim √ x+ 6−3 lim ( √ x+6−3 ) ( ) lim ( √ x +6) −…2
Áîäëîãî¹3: x→ 3
= x →3 = x→ 3 õ¿ðòâýð õóâààðûã ¿ðæâýð áîëãîí
2
x −3 x x ( )( ) x ( x−3 ) ¿ ¿
çàäëàõäàà õ¿ðòâýðèéí … õîñìîã
Õÿçãààðã¿é
2
lim 3 x +3
1. lim ( 3 x +1 ) =¿ 9. x →−1
=¿
x →2 2
x +2 x+1
lim x 2 +10 x+ 25
2. lim ( 4 x2 +5 ) =¿ 10. x →−5
x→−1 =¿
5 x+5
lim x 2−3 lim x 3−8
3. x→ 2
=¿ 11. x→ 2
=¿
x +5 x−2
lim 3 x+ 1 lim x 3 +27
4. x→ 3
=¿ 12. x →−3
=¿
x +7 x +3
lim x−1 lim x−4
5. x→ 1 13. x→4
2
=¿ =¿
x −1 √ x−2
lim x 2−9 lim x−9
6. x→ 3
=¿ 14. x→9
x−3 √ x−3
lim 4 x 2−17 x +1
x→
1 lim x−1
4
7. =¿ 15. x →1
1 √ x +3−2
x−
4
lim 2 x 2−3 x−1 lim √ x+ 4−3
1
8. x →−
2 16. x→ 5
=¿ x−5
2 x+1
∆ x=x −x6 –ûã àðãóìåíòèéí ººð÷ëºëò, ∆ y =f ( x )−f ( x0 ) −¿ èéã ôóíêöèéí ººð÷ëºëò, ∆ y =f ( x )−f ( x0 ) –
èéã ôóíêöèéí ººð÷ëºëò ãýæ òóñ òóñ òýìäýãëýíý.
Òîäîðõîéëîëò: x=x 0 öýã äýýðõ àðãóìåíòèéí ººð÷ëºëò ∆ x →0 ¿åä äýýð f ( x ) ôóíêö òàñðàëòã¿é áàéõûí
òóëä
lim ∆ y =lim lim f ( x 0 ) =f ( x 0 ) áàéíà.
[ f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) −f ( x 0 ) ] =0 áóþó x→
∆x →0 ∆ x →0 x2
Õýðýâ f ( x ) ôóíêö ñ öýã äýýð òàñðàëòã¿é áºãººä f ( c ) >0 áîë f ( x ) ôóíêö Ñ öýãèéí ÿìàð íýã îð÷íû
á¿õ öýã äýýð ýåðýã óòãà àâíà. f ( c ) >0 áîë ¿¿íòýé òºñòýé ä¿ãíýëò õ¿÷èíòýé. Ýíý 2 òîõèîëäëûã íýãòãýâýë.
f ( x ) ôóíêö ]a; b[ çàâñàð äýýð òàñðàëòã¿é áºãººä 0 óòãà àâäàãã¿é áîë ôóíêöèéí óòãûí òýìäýã ýíý
çàãâàðò òîãòìîë áàéíà.
Æèøýý íü1: x 2−3 x+ 2> 0 òýíöýòãýë áèøèéã áîä /äýýðõ òåîðåì áèäíèé ñàéí ìýääýã òýíöýòãýë áèø áîäîõ
èíòåðâàëûí àðãûí ¿íäýñ áîëäîã/
f ( x )=x 2−3 x +2 ôóíêöèéí 0-òýé òýíöýõ öýã¿¿äèéã îëüå. x 2−3 x+ 2=0 ôóíêöèéí ãýâýë x 1=2 x2 =1 èéìä
óã ôóíêö ¿−∞; 1 [ , ] 1 ; 2[ ]2;+ ∞¿ çàâñðóóä äýýð òàñðàëòã¿é áºãººä 0 óòãà àâàõã¿é. Èéìä äýýðõ òåîðåì
¸ñîîð f ( x ) ôóíêöèéí óòãà ýäãýýð çàâñàð òóñ á¿ðä òýìäýãòýé áàéíà. Çàâñàð òóñ á¿ðýýñ íýã íýã öýãèéã
òºëººë¿¿ëýã ñîíãîæ òýìäãèéã îëáîë.
+∞ x ∈ ¿−∞ ; 1 [ ∪ ] 2 ;+ ∞ ¿
( 5 x−22 ) ( x −2 )2 ( x +2 ) <0
( x− 225 ) ( x−2) ( x +2 ) <0
2
22
x− =0 x−2=0 x +2=0
5
2
x=4 x=2 x=−2
5
÷2−7 ÷ 12
1. <0
x2 −9 x+20
x 2−7 x+ 12=¿
¿¿
¿ ýìõòãýë áè÷âýë
x=x=x=¿
Øèéä íü x ∈ ¿
x−3
1. ( x−3 ) ( x+ 2 )( x−1 )2 ≤ 0 7. <0
2 x +1
x2 −4 x−12
2. ( x +4 )3 ( x−1 ) >0 8. >0
x
x2 −4 x−12
3. ( x−5 )2 ( x+2 )3 ≤ 0 9. ≥0
x+1
x+3 x−7 2 x−8
4. >0 10. ≤
x−1 x +2 x+3
x−5 x−4 3 x−1
5. ≤0 11. <
x+ 2 x−3 x +2
4 x +3
6. ≥0
x +1