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MINOR DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY Final
MINOR DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY Final
MINOR DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY Final
Introduction:
The anatomical physiological and biochemical adaptations to pregnancy are profound. These
changes that the female body undergoes during pregnancy begin soon after fertilization and
continue through gestation. These changes occur in response to physiological stimuli provided
by the fetus and placenta. These changes may be unpleasant as well as worrying but they are
rarely a cause for alarm as most of these changes are usually normal. These so-called minor
disorders or ailments of pregnancy can be troublesome on a day to day basis.
Nevertheless these minor ailments are considerably improved by offering a proper explanation
and with simple treatments.
Management includes:
a. Frequent periods of rest with limb elevation for
at least 15 minutes each time
b. Avoiding long periods of standing or sitting.
c. Diuretics should not be used.
Management includes:
a. Applying elastic stockings or crepe bandages for
leg varicosities
b. Elevation of limb during rest.
c. Usually disappear delivery
d. No surgical intervention is required.
Management includes:
a. High fibre diet and Use of laxatives to keep the
bowel soft.
b. Local anaesthetic /anti irritant creams can be
used
c. Replacement of prolapsed piles is essential
8. LEG CRAMPS:
This is due to the deficiency of diffusible serum calcium or elevation of serum
phosphorous.
Management includes:
a. Supplementary calcium therapy and Vit. B1 (30 mcg)
daily.
b. Application of local heat and massage
c. High doses of Vit. E (400 mg) BD often proves
beneficial.
9. VAGINAL DISCHARGE:
This is due to the increased transudation of fluids as a result of increased
vascularity during pregnancy. The discharge is clear and white and do not have
unpleasant smell.
Management includes:
a. Assurance to the mother.
b. Local cleanliness.
c. Rule out any infection.
10. SYNCOPE:
The enlarging gravid uterus compresses the veins in the pelvic brim, impending
venous return and causes pooling of blood in the lower limbs which in turn leads to
decreased oxygen supply to the brain leading to syncope.
In later pregnancy the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava in the
dorsal supine position causing supine hypotension.
Management includes:
a. Avoiding prolonged standing
b. Getting up slowly after lying or sitting down.
c. Left lateral tilt with a wedge below the right hip
alleviates the problem.
It has been attributed to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy and
can be a major cause of anxiety in a pregnant mother.
Daily exercises, plenty of fresh air, avoiding caffeine and multivitamins before
sleep, warm milky drink or a warm bath help to allay anxiety and hence
insomnia.
12. URINARY FREQUENCY: 2nd trimester to term.
The pressure of the growing gravid uterus during the early part of pregnancy,
and the pressure of the fetal head when it engages the pelvic brim near full term
cause irritation of the bladder base and predispose to urinary frequency.
a. Itching of body
b. Nose bleeds
c. Headache
d. Breast soreness
e. Tiredness
f. Altered taste sensation
g. Striae Gravidarum and Chloasma
h. Thrush.
CONCLUSION:
During normal pregnancy, virtually every organ system undergoes anatomical and
functional changes that can alter appreciably criteria for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Equally astounding is that the woman who was pregnant is returned almost completely to her
pre-pregnant state after delivery and lactation. Thus the understanding of these adaptations to
pregnancy remains a major goal of obstetrics and proper care of a pregnant woman.
Without such knowledge, it is almost impossible to understand the disease process that can
threaten women during pregnancy and also to bring about a healthy nursing care of both the
mother and the newborn.
References
1. Williams obstetrics 23rd edition Mc Graw Hill.
2. Manual of obstetrics-S N Daftary / S Chakvarti- B I Churchill Livingstone.
3. Obstetrics by Ten Teachers-17th edition
4. Text book of obstetrics-D C Dutta