Physics 112 Formulae

Constants:
ρair = 1.2 kg/m3 (20oC, 1 atm);
e = 1.602176487 X 10-19 C
me = 9.109382 X 10-31 kg
mp = 1.672621 X 10-27 kg
mn = 1.674927 X 10-27 kg
k = 1/4πεo = 8.987551787 X 109 N m2/C2
εo = 8.854187817 X 10-12 C2/Nm2
ρair = 1.2 kg/m3 (20oC, 1 atm)
γair = 7/5
v = 344 m/s (20oC, 1 atm)

v = fλ = ω
k
y(x, t) = A cos(kx ± ωt ± δ) 2π 1
or A sin(kx ± ωt ± δ) k= ω= 2πf f =
λ T

∂2y 1 ∂2y
=
∂x2 v2 ∂t2

B γRT
v=
√
FT
μ
v=
√ ρ =
√ M

P(t) = √μF T
ω2 A2 sin2(kx ± ωt) Pavg = ½ √μ F T
ω2 A 2

P pmax2 pmax2
I = I = 2ρv =
A 2√ ρ B

I1
I2
=
r22
r12
(10 dB) log10 ( II )o
Io = 10-12 W/m2

y(x, t) = y1(x, t) + y2(x, t)

y(x, t) = ASW sin(kx) sin(ωt) pmax(x, t) = pmax SW sin(kx) sin(ωt)

nv nv
fn = fn =
2L 4L

PLD = n λ PLD = (n + ½) λ

v + vL f
fL =
v + vS S
 k q1 q2 1 q1 q2
│F12│ = = F = qo E
r2 4 π εo r2

kq 1 q
Point: │E│ = =
r2 4 π εo r2
2kλ 1 λ
Line: │E│ = =
r 2 π εo r
Plane: σ
│E│ = 2 π k σ =
2 εo

Φ =
∫E cosφ dA = ∫ E dA = ∫E · dA 

q
∫ E · dA = ε encl
o
2
Sphere: A = 4 π r ; V = (4/3) π r3; dV = 4 π r2 dr
Cylinder: A = 2 π r L + 2 π r2; V = π r2 L; dV = 2 π r L dr
ΔPE = q0 ΔV or PE = q0 V

k q0 q1 1 q0 q1 ; k q1 1 q1 ;
PE = U = = V = r = 4 π εo r
r01 4 π εo r01

PE = U =
q0
4 π εo (
q1
r 1
+
q2
r 2
+
q3
r3 + … ; ) V =
1
4 π εo ( qr 1
1
q
2
q
+ r2 + r3 + … ;
3
)
dq dq
PE =
q0
4 π εo
b
∫ r
b
1
V = 4πε
o
∫
b
r

PEb – PEa = –
∫ F · dl = – ∫q E · dl
a a
0
Vb – Va = –
a
∫ E · dl
λ ln(rb/ra)
infinite line: Vb – Va =
2 π εo
σ
infinite sheet: Va – Vb = 2 εo (rb – ra); (V = │E│d)

Q = CV
εo A
parallel plates: C =
d

Ceq = C1 + C2 + … 1 1 1
= + +…
Ceq C1 C2

PE = (½)CV2 = Q2/2C = (½)QV

Cnew = K Cold
2 2
u = (½)εo│E│ u = (½)Kεo│E│