myF 1 bkhHptsk;. ,yf;fzk;. ,yf;fpak;.

gapw;wpay;

1/2 ,yf;fzk; vGj;jpay;

rhuk;

vGj;jpay; vd;w ,e;jg; gFjpapy; fPH;f;fz;l TWfs; ml';fpa[s;sd ~

 Kjy; vGj;J
 rhqg[ vGj;J
 jkpH; beL';fzf;F
 khj;jpiu
 Rl;L
 tpdh
 nghyp
 ,dbtGj;Jfs;
 nkw;fhZk; TWfis xl;oa typkpFk;. typkpfh ,l';fs;

xt;bthU Tw;wpw;Fk; gapw;rpfs; tH';fg;gl;Ls;sd/

gapw;rpfis thpirg;go xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf nkw;bfhs;f/

fw;wy; ngW

,e;jg; gapw;rpapd; ,Wjpf;Fs; eP';fs; ~

1/ jkpH; vGj;jpay; ,yf;fzf; TWfis milahs';fz;L g[hpe;J bfhs;tPh;fs;/

2/ jkpH; vGj;jpay; ,yf;fz mwpitg; gy;ntW bkhHpr; R{Hypy;

brk;ikahfg; gad;gLj;JtPh;fs;/

14
 1/2/1 KjbyGj;J

,e;jj; jiyg;gpd;tHp eP';fs; KjbyGj;Jj; bjhlu;ghd gy;ntW ,yf;fzf;TWfisj; bjupe;J

bfhs;tPu;fs;/ vGj;jpd; tiuaiw. jkpH; vGj;Jfspd; tiffs;. KjbyGj;Jfis ,dk; gpupf;Fk; Kiw
Mfpatw;iw mwptPu;/ mijj; bjhlu;e;J tUk; gapw;rpfisr; bra;J ckJ jpwj;ij tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;f/

Fwpy; 5

capu; 12

beoy; 7

Kjy; vGj;Jfs;

ty;ypdk; 6

bka; 18

bky;ypdk; 6

,ilapdk; 6

capu;bka;baGj;Jfs; njhd;Wtjw;Ff; fhuzkhft[k; vy;yhr; brhw;fSf;F Kjw; fhuzkhft[k;

tps';Ftjhy; capu; vGj;JfSk; bka;baGj;JfSk; KjbyGj;J vdg;gLfpd;wd/

1/0 gapw;rp

1/ jkpH; bkhHpf;F mog;gilahd KjbyGj;Jfs; vj;jid?

_____________________________________________
15
2/ bka;baGj;Jfis tifg;gLj;Jf/

_______________________________________________

3/ gpd;tUk; brhw;fspy; cs;s KjbyGj;Jfis

vGJf/

vz; brhy; KjbyGj;Jfs;

1/ ,uhkhazk;

2/ gs;spf;Tlk;

3/ Mw;wy;

4/ Cu;f;FUtp

5/ fzpj nkij

1/2/2 rhu;bgGj;J

,e;jj; jiyg;gpd;tHp eP';fs; rhu;bgGj;J bjhlu;ghd

gy;ntW ,yf;fzf;TWfisj; bjupe;J bfhs;tPu;fs;/
rhu;bgGj;Jfspd; tif. jd;ik Mfpatw;iw mwptPu;/
mijj; bjhlu;e;J tUk; gapw;rpfisr; bra;J ckJ
jpwj;ij tsu;j;Jf; bfhs;f/

rhu;bgGj;Jfs; gj;J tifg;gLk;

jdpj;J tUjypd;wp KjbyGj;Jfisnah xU

brhy;iynah rhu;e;J tUtJ rhu;bgGj;J vdg;gLk;/

1/ tuptot';fs; - capu;bka; vGj;J 216

16
 18 bka;baGj;JfnshL 12 capbuGj;JfSk; jdpj;jdpna nrUk;nghJ 216 tuptot';fs;
(capu;bka; vGj;Jfs;) njhd;Wk;/

2/ Ma;jk; - \

3/ capusbgil-

Xir Fiwfpd;wbghGJ bel;blGj;Jfs; VGk; bkhHpapd; KjypYk; ,ilapYk; filapYk;

ePz;L xypg;gJ capusbgilahFk/ mit ePz;L xypg;gjw;F milahskhf mtw;Wf;F
,dkhfpa Fw;bwGj;J mUfpy; vGjg;gLk;/
v/fh~ Xxjy; ntz;Lk;
bfLg;gJ}ck;

4/ xw;wsbgil-
xw;bwGj;Jfs; (bka; vGj;Jfs;)msbgLg;gJ xw;wsbgil vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~ fy';';F
v';';F

5/ Fw;wpaYfuk;-
jdf;Fupa xU khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;J xypf;Fk; cfuk; Fw;wpaYfukhFk;/ ,J 6
tifg;gLk;/
 td;bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - gl;L. gw;W
 bkd;bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - r';F. g";R
 ,ilj; bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - khu;g[. rhy;g[
 beoy; bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - MW. fhR
 Ma;jj; bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - m\J. v\F
 capu;j; bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; - tapW. kug[

17
6/ Fw;wpaypfuk; -
Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; afuk; te;jhy; mt;t[fuk; Fw;wpaypfukhFk;/
v/fh~ ehL + ahJ = ehoahJ

7/ Ifhuf;FWf;fk; - I vd;Dk; vGj;J brhy;Yf;F KjypYk; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; tUk;nghJ

jdf;Fupa 2 khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;bjhypf;Fk;/
v/fh~ Ik;gJ. kiwatu;. TiH

8/ xsfhuf;FWf;fk; - xs vd;Dk; bel;blGj;J. brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk;nghJ jdf;Fupa 2

khj;jpiuapypUe;J 1½ khj;jpiuast[ Fiwe;bjhypf;Fk;/
v/fh~ xsit

9;/ kfuf;FWf;fk; - @z;@. @d;@ vd;w bka;fspd; gpd;Dk; @t;@ vd;w bka;apd;
Kd;Dk; tUk; @k;@ vd;w bka;. jd; ½ khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;J ¼ khj;jpiuaha;
xypf;Fk;/
v/fh~ nghd;k;. kUz;k;

10/ Ma;jf;FWf;fk; - jdpf;Fw;bwGj;ij mLj;J epw;Fk; @y;@.@s;@ vd;w ,uz;Lk; @j@

fuj;ij Kjyhf cila brhw;fSld; nrUk;bghGJ.@\@ vd;W Ma;jkhf khWk;/ ,';'dk; tUk; \
vDk; Ma;j vGj;J jdf;Fupa ½ khj;jpiuapypUe;J ¼ khj;jpiuaha;f; FWFk;/
v/fh/ fy; + jPJ = f\wPJ
my; + jpiz = m\wpiz
Ks; + jPJ = K\OJ

2/0 gapw;rp

1/ rhu;bgGj;Jfspd; tiffis mwpnthl;ltiuapy;

tiue;J fhl;Lf/
2/ fPH;f;fhZk; brhw;fSf;F Vw;w Fw;wpaYfu tiffis vGjt[k;/

brhy; Fw;wpaYfu tif

tPH;J

ML

18
 fUk;g[

gpl;L

btz;zPW

v\F

Mz;L

Fwpg;g[

1/2/3 jkpH; beL';fzf;F

fPH;f;fz;l ml;ltiziaf; Tu;e;J ftdpj;J. mjpy; ,lk;bgWk; midj;J jkpH;

vGj;Jfisa[k; mwpe;J bfhs;st[k;/
m f ' " l z j e g k a u
M fh 'h "h lh zh jh eh gh kh ah uh
, fp 'p "p o zp jp ep gp kp ap up
< fP 'P "P O zP jP eP gP kP aP uP
c F '[ ] L Z J E g[ K a[ U
C T '{ ]} > Z} J} E} g{ | a{ Q
v bf b' b" bl bz bj be bg bk ba bu
V nf n' n" nl nz nj ne ng nk na nu
I if i' i" il iz ij ie ig ik ia iu
x bfh b'h b"h blh bzh bjh beh bgh bkh bah buh
X nfh n'h n"h nlh nzh njh neh ngh nkh nah nuh
xs bfs b's b"s bls bzs bjs bes bgs bks bas bus
y t H s w d
\ f; '; "; l; z; j; e; g; k; a; u;
yh th Hh sh wh dh
yp tp Hp sp wp dp
yP tP HP sP wP dP
Y t[ G S W D
Y} t{ B s{ W} D}
by bt bG bs bw bd
ny nt nH ns nw nd
iy it iH is iw id
byh bth bHh bsh bwh bdh
19
nyh nth nHh nsh nwh ndh
bys bts bHs bss bws bds
y; t; H; s; w; d;
 3/ gapw;rp

1/ jkpH; beL';fzf;F ml;ltiziaj; jahu; bra;at[k;/

mjpy; fPH;f;fz;lthW tu;zkplt[k;/

i) capu; vGj;J - Mu";R

ii) Ma;j vGj;J - Cjh
iii) ty;ypdk; - ePyk;
iv) bky;ypdk; - gr;ir
v) ,ilapdk; - rptg;g[
vi) capu;bka; vGj;Jfs; - k";rs;

1/2/4 khj;jpiu

khj;jpiu vd;gJ fhy mst[/ ehk; ,ay;ghff; fz;

,ikf;f vLj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; neunk xU khj;jpiu
vdg;gLk;/ if behof;Fk; neuj;ija[k; xU khj;jpiu
vdyhk;/

khj;jpiu mst[

capu; beoy;
capu;bka; beoy; 2 khj;jpiu

capu;f;Fwpy;
capu;bka;f; Fwpy; 1 khj;jpiu

bka; vGj;J

20 ½ khj;jpiu
Fw;wpaypfuk;
Fw;wpaYfuk;
Ma;jk;

4/ gapw;rp

fPH;f;fhZk; brhw;fSf;F Vw;w khj;jpiu msitf;

Fwpg;gpLf/

brhy; khj;jpiu

1/ jz;zPu; _________________

2/ glF __________________
3/ m\J __________________
4/ jpUj;jzp __________________

1/2/5 Rl;L

xU bghUisf; fz;zhnyh ifahnyh fUj;jhnyh Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;o czu;j;Jk; braYf;Fr; Rl;Ljy;

vd;W bgau;/
m., vDk; ,U vGj;JfSk; Rl;Lg;bghUspy; te;jhy;.Rl;blGj;Jfs;
vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~mtd;.,td;.mJ.,J.mk;kdpjd;.,k;kdpjd;

m., vDk; Rl;blGj;Jfs; xU brhy;ypd; cs;shfnt epd;W Rl;Lg; bghUisf; fhl;o te;jhy; mfr;Rl;L
vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~ mtd;. mtu;/ mit. ,td;. ,tu;. ,it

21
m., vDk; Rl;blGj;Jfs; xU brhy;Yf;F btspna epd;W Rl;Lg; bghUisf; fhl;o te;jhy; g[wr;Rl;L
vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~ mk;kdpjd;. mg;bgz;. mg;bghUs;. ,k;kdpjd;

5/gapw;rp

gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Rl;blGj;Jfs; bfhz;l

brhw;fisf; nfhol;L milahsk; ,Lf/

md;g[. m';F. muz;. me;ehL.

,dpJ. ,tu;. ,t;t[apu;. ,d;gk;

1/2/6 tpdh vGj;Jfs;

m. v. V. X. ah vDk; Ie;bjGj;JfSk; nfs;tp

Fwpj;J te;jhy; tpdh vGj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;/

v/fh~ vtd;? mtdh? mtndh? ahu;? vk;kdpjd;? fz;zdh? ed;wd;nw?

1/5/1 brhy;Yf;F Kjypy; tUk; tpdh vGj;Jfs; v.

ah. V/
v/fh vtd;? vk;kdpjd;? vJ? ahu;? ahJ?

1/5/2 brhy;Yf;F Kotpy; tUk; tpdh vGj;Jfs;

M. X. V/
22
 v/fh~ mtdh? mtndh? fz;zdh?
ed;wd;nw?

1/5/3 mf tpdh
tpdh vGj;Jfs; xU brhy;Yf;F
cs;nsna epd;W tpdhg; bghUisf; fhl;o
te;jhy; mf tpdh vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~ vtd;?. ahq?. VJ?

1/5/4 g[wh tpdh

tpdh vGj;Jfs; xU brhy;Yf;F btspna
epd;W tpdhg; bghUisf; fhl;o te;jhy;
g[w tpdh vdg;gLk;/
v/fh~ vk;kdpjd;? .ah';'dk;?. mtndh?.mtdh?

6/ gapw;rp

fPH;f;fz;l brhw;fspy; tUk; tpdh vGj;Jfisg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;Lf/

 vg;gf;fk; ___________________
 ez;gdh ___________________
 cz;ld;nw ___________________
 ky;ypifnah ___________________

1/2/7 nghyp

xU brhy;ypy; Xu; vGj;J epw;Fk; ,lj;jpy;. mjw;F

<lhf kw;nwhu; vGj;J te;J epd;whYk;. bghUs;
ntWglhky; xj;jpUf;Fkhapd; mjidg; nghyp
vd;gu;/

1/6/1 nghyp |tifg;gLk;

mit~
1/ Kjw;nghyp 2/ ,ilg;nghyp 3/ filg;nghyp vd;gd/

 Fwpg;g[ ~ brhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUtJ Kjw;nghyp. ,ilapy; tUtJ ,ilg;nghyp.

<w;wpy; tUtJ filg;nghyp/
23
 v/fh~
Kjw;nghyp

k";R ik";R
kay; ikay;
gry; igry;

,ilg;nghyp

mkr;R mikr;R
,y";rp ,iy";rp
muad; miuad;

filg;nghyp

epyk; epyd;
tz;L tz;lu;
ge;jy; ge;ju;

7/ gapw;rp

1/ nghyp vd;why; vd;d?

_________________________________________________

2/ fPH;f;fz;l brhy; bjhFjpfis Kjy; nghyp. ,ilg;nghyp. filg;nghyp vd;W tifg;gLj;Jf/

mwk; - mwd; kjpy; - kjps;

eak; - "ak; k";R” - ik";R
muru; - miuru; ehapW - “"hapW
ge;jy; - ge;ju; muad; - miuad;
mikr;R - mkr;R

1/2/8 ,d vGj;Jfs;

24
vGj;Jfis cr;rupf;Fk; nghJ mit njhd;Wk; ,lk;. xypf;Fk; Kaw;rp. xypf;Fk; fhy mst[. cUtk;
Mfpatw;wpy; xw;Wika[s;sjhf ,Ug;gpd; mit ,d vGj;Jfs; vdg;gLk;/

1/ capu; vGj;JfSs; ,dkhFk; vGj;Jfs;

capu; vGj;JfSs; Fw;bwGj;JfSk; mtw;Wf;F cupa Kiwahd bel;blGj;JfSk;

xd;ww;bfhd;W ,dkhtd/
mit Kiwna ~

m -M c - C

, - < x - X

nkYk;

I - , xs - c

vd;gdt[k; ,dkhk;/

2/ bka;vGj;JfSs; ,dkhFk; vGj;Jfs;

bka;baGj;JfSs; MW ty;ypd bka;fSf;Fk; MW bky;ypd bka;fSf;Fk; Kiwna

,dk; MFk;/

mit Kiwna ~
f; r; l; j; g; w;

‘"; “'; z; e; k; d;

,ilapd bka;fs;
vy;yhk; xnu ,dkhFk;/

25
 Fwpg;g[ ~ ,';Ff; Twpait aht[k;
capu;bka;baGj;JfSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk;/

8/ gapw;rp

1/ capu; vGj;JfSs; ,dkhFk; vGj;Jfs; ahit?

-------------------------------------

2/ bka; vGj;JfSs; ,dkhFk; vGj;Jfs; ahit?

--------------------------------------------------------

1/2/9 typkpFk;. typkpfh ,l';fs;

typkpFk; ,l';fs;
1 td;bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; typkpFk;/

ghf;F + njhg;g[ = ghf;Fj;njhg;g[

mr;R + bjhHpy; = mr;Rj;bjhHpy;
jg;g[ + fzf;F = jg;g[f;fzf;F
vl;L + jpir = vl;Lj;jpir
fw;W + bfhL = fw;Wf;bfhL
gj;J + ghl;L = gj;Jg;ghl;L

2/ bkd;bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; bgau;r;brhy; te;jhy;

typkpFk;/
Fu';F + jiy = Fu';Fj;jiy
fd;W + Fl;o = fd;Wf;Fl;o
md;g[ + fu';fs; = md;g[f;fu';fs;
,Uk;g[ + jpiu = ,Uk;g[j;jpiu
Tz;L + fpsp = Tz;Lf;fpsp

3/ m.,.me;j.,e;j.m';F.,';F.mg;go.,g;go vd;w Rl;Lr;

brhw;fs; gpd; typkpFk;/
m + fhL = mf;fhL
,e;j + igad; = ,e;jg;igad;
m';F + fz;nld; = m';Ff;fz;nld;

26
 ,g;go + bra; = ,g;gor;bra;

4/ v.ve;j.v';F.vg;go - tpidhr;brhw;fs; gpd; typkpFk;/

v + ghly; = vg;ghly;
ve;j + igad; = ve;jg;igad;
v';F + nghdha; = v';Fg;nghdha;
vg;go + bra;jy;; = vg;gor;brajy;;

typkpfh ,l';fs;
1/ bkd;bjhlu;f; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; tpidKw;W te;jhy; typkpfhJ/
ed;W + Twpdhd; = ed;W Twpdhd;
te;J + ghu;j;jhd; = te;J ghu;j;jhd;

2/ mJ.,J.mit.,it.mt;tst[.,t;tst[.mt;thW.,t;thW.
mj;jid.,j;jid.md;W.,d;W - tpdhr;brhw;fs; gpd; typkpfhJ/
mJ + rpwpaJ
,t;thW + bra;ahnj
,it + kyqe;jd
mj;jid + brofs;

3/ vJ.vit.vt;tst[.vt;thW.vj;jid vd;W - Rl;Lr;brhw;fs; gpd; typkpfhJ

vit + gwe;jd
vt;tst[ + bghpaJ
vj;jid + brhw;fs;

4/ M.X.ah vDk; <w;W tpdhr;brhw;fspy; typkpfhJ

mtdh + fz;lhd;
gRnth + brd;wJ
jk;gpah + nfl;lhd;

9/ gapw;rp

1/ fPH;f;fz;l brhw;fisr; nrqj;bjGjp tpjpfisf; TWf/

 gw;W + nfhL = __________________

 bra;J + ghq = __________________
 ghl;L + nghl;o = __________________
 , + gf;fk; = __________________
 vg;go + brd;wha; = __________________
27
  ve;j + ghly; = __________________
 fz;L + bfhz;nld; = __________________
 ,t;tst[ + rpwpaJ = __________________
 ez;gdh + Twpdhd; = __________________
 ehnah + ghqj;jJ= __________________

2/ typkpFk;. typkpfh tpjpfSf;F Vw;g mike;j rhpahd brhw;fisj; bjhpt[ bra;f/

mt;thWngrhnj.
cUz;LnghdJ.
fw;Wbfhs;.
m';Fnghdhd;.
fzf;Fg;ghlk;

neqKff; fw;wy;tpdh

vGj;jpay; vd;w jiyg;gpy; typkpFk;. typkpfh tpjpfisg; gw;wp goj;jPqfs;/

mtw;iw mog;gilahff; bfhz;L eP';fs; goj;j jkpH; ehspjHpy; cs;s 20 typkpFk;
brhw;fisa[k; 20 typkpfh brhw;fisa[k; gl;oayplt[k;/ neqKff;fw;wypd; nghJ
c';;fs; tphpt[iu"uplk; mg;gl;oaiy xg;gilf;ft[k;

28