Communication Systems

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY
junaid@bahria.edu.pk

Introduction to Signals
(Week 2)
 Reference

 Modern Digital and Analog Communication

System
3rd Edition
B.P. Lathi.
 Figures (Google Images)
 Examples/ Questions (Chapter No.02)
QUIZ NO.01

2o mins

Good Luck
 Grading Policy

 Quiz
 Bonus Quiz (BQ)
 Labs
 Course Format
 Introduction

 Signal: Is a set of information or data.

 System: It is an entity that
processes a set of signal
(input signals) to yield
another set of signals
(output signals).
 Size of a Signal

 Measurement tools
 Size of a Signal

 Signal Energy:
Real Signals Complex Signals

 Signal Power:
Real Signals Complex Signals
 Question

 Determine suitable measure for the signals

 Question

 Determine suitable measure for the signals

 Question

 Determine the power & rms value of the

following signal:
 Question

 Determine the power & rms value of the

following signal:
 Question

 Determine the power & rms value of the

following signal:
 Classification of Signal

 Continuous – Time & Discrete – Time

SIGNALS.
 Analog & Digital SIGNALS.
 Periodic & Aperiodic SIGNALS.
 Energy & Power SIGNALS.
 Deterministic & Probabilistic SIGNALS.
 Continuous – Time &
Discrete – Time SIGNALS
Analog & Digital SIGNALS
Periodic & Aperiodic SIGNALS
 Energy & Power SIGNALS

 Energy Signals

 Power Signals
Deterministic & Random SIGNALS

 Y = x.x

.
Some Useful Signal Operations

 Time – Shifting.
 Time – Scaling.
 Time Inversion (Time Reversal).
Time – Shifting
Time – Scaling
Time Inversion (Time Reversal)
 Question

 Plot g(3t) for the given g(t)

 Question

 Plot z(t/2) for the given z(t)

 Question

 Plot g(t) for the given g(-t)

Unit Impulse Function
 Unit Impulse Function

 Sampling, Shifting Property

Unit Step Function
When you do nothing, you feel overwhelmed and powerless.
But when you get involved, you feel the sense of hope and
accomplishment that comes from knowing you are working
to make things better for others
 Signals & Vector

 Component of vector:
 Signals & Vector

 Component of Signal:
Question
Signal Comparison: CORRELATION

 For Vectors:

 For Signals:
Signal Comparison: CORRELATION

 Best Friends
 Worst Friends
 Complete Strangers
QUESTION
Signal Comparison: CORRELATION

Applications:
 Signal Detection
 Signal Power Analysis
 Equipment Testing

Auto-Correlation Function:
 Reading Assignment

 Chapter No. 02 (Page 14 – 40)

 Practice Questions
2.1-1, 2.1-2, 2.1-3, 2.1-5, 2.1-8, 2.3-2, 2.4-1,
2.4-2, 2.5-2, 2.6-1
 BQ next week.