Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jean Klock Park Master Plan, 1990, Coastal Zone Management Grant
Jean Klock Park Master Plan, 1990, Coastal Zone Management Grant
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor, Michigan
December 1990
I Tab le of Contents
Credits - Projec1 Team
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Executive Summary 5
I Introduction
General Park Description
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Location and Region 11
I Surrounding Land Uses
Demographics & Market In formation
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Site Ana lysis and Existing Conditions 13
I Description of the Process
Archaeological Review
Biological Review
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I Maps
Landscape Architectural Review
Park Location
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Park Boundaries 21
I Natural Conditions 22
Endangered and Threatened Species 23
Vehicular Circulation and Access 24
I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Program
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Past Development Plans 27
I Potential Attractions
Design Charette Results
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Phase I 31
I Phase II
Phase III
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Phase IV 34
I Attendance Goals
User Fees
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Construction Cost Estimates 37
I Development Process
Implementation Schedule
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Fundi ng Sources 41
I Management Plan
Management Structure
Staffing Requirements
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I Operating Expenses
Capital Improvements
Non-Reverting Capital Fund
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I Revenue Potential
Maintenance Standards
Accountability
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Public Hearing 50
I Summary of Comments
Supporting Documents
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
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I Project Team
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor, Michigan
December 1990
I Project Team:
Charette Participants :
I Glen Yarbrough, Parks Director, City of Benton Harbor
Fred Sims, Commissioner, City of Benton Harbor
I Jim Howard, Planning Assistant, Southwestern Michigan Commission
Cathie Cunningham, Coastal Management Program, Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources
I Jim Rlbbens, Coastal Management Program, Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources
Walellgn Wagaw, Grants Coordinator, Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources,
I Recreation Division
Gale Jackson, Environmental Consultant, J.F. New & Associates
Tom Post, Botanist, J.F. New & Associates
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
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December 1990
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Executive Summary
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
I Executive Summary
I The mission of Jean Klock Park is to serve as a place of leisure fo r the local
community. Leisure shall mean both active and passive recreation taking
advantage of the site's natural assets. Secondarily in the process of
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accomplishing this, it is hoped that the Park will attract tourists from out of tow n.
Jean Klock Park has fallen into disrepair and is currently underuse d.
I An an~lysis of existing conditions found:
I An archaeological site with artifacts from the time of the birth of Christ.
Facilities are vandalized and in poor condition.
Two sensitive ecological environments are in good condition.
I There is no clear idea of who uses the Park. when they use it, and if they
pay.
The entrance and image is depressing and foreboding.
I 1. Find a way to realize the economic value of this asset. (There are
significant legal hurdles to be overcome. )
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I Phase IV
Phase III Total: $755,500.00.
The success of this plan is based upon increased use of the Park by everyone.
I Increased use will not happen magically. It will happen thro ugh investment, hard
work, and po sitive image. Without a change in image there is little chance that this
dream, this plan, will ever become a reality.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
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I Introduction
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor. Michigan
December 1990
The Master Plan for Jean Klock Park has been undertaken in an effort to reassess
existing facilities and set priorities for the future of this Park. A comprehensive
I review of this Park's natural resources, recreational facilities, and management
concerns is necessary in order to address the varied issues affecting the current
planning needs of the Park.
I The Master Plan is to be used for several purposes. It will serve as a basis for
decisions on resource management, and recreation development. The plan will
I also serve as a guide for long-range budgeting by documenting the costs of
proposed improvements, new facilities, and other management needs. It will be
used as an information base for future planning and will selVe as a source of
I reference to the public.
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INVENTORY&
--; ANALYSIS
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SYNTHESIS
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MASTER H IMPLEMENT
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I History
I Development
Potentials
Objectives Recommended
Plan
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I Natural Resources I LImitations I .Development Cost
Options Estimates
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I Existing Facilities I I
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Opportunities
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Concepts &
Feasibility
Public
Review
Surrounding Needs
I land Use
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I Park Visitor
Characteristics
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I The planning process provides a rational approach to decision making and
provides the format for the Master Plan document.
I The Troyer Group, Inc.
Goshen & Mishawaka, Ind;ana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor. Michigan
Decem ber 1990
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I General Park Description
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
Jean Klock Park is located in southwestern lower Michigan in the City of Benton
Harbor. The Park property was donated to the City in 1917 by the Klock family in
I remembrance Of their daughter Jean who died before her first birthday. The Park is
located in Berrien County Michigan. and the Park serves both Benton Harbor and
St. Joseph, as well as the surrounding communities.
I Jean Klock Park is a 76 acre property 'on Lake Michigan with approximately 3000
feet of beachfront, which makes this Park a significant community resource. There
I are open and wooded sand dunes, and wetlands on the property at an oxbow of
the Paw Paw River. The dunes are in good condition and have recovered from
overuse in past years. This Park is unique because the wetlands and dunes
I environments are in close proximity to each other. The property is quite valuable as
an outdoor classroom and laboratory because of this.
I The Park currently has a significant image problem. This is partly due to
underfunding and maintenance practices that have not kept up with vandalism.
The image problem has resulted in underutilization, with Park attendance between
I four and seven thousand for the entire season. For a resource of this significance,
attendance in the hundreds of thousands would not be unreasonable . In some
ways the Park appears to be abandoned.
The land uses surrounding Jean' Klock Park are significant when looking at what
I can be done, and how surrounding residents will be affected by its development.
There is a residential subdivision to the North called Higman Park Subdivision ,
wh ich is on a knoll overlooking the Park. There is also residential land use on
I Lake Michigan at the beachfront South of the Park and South of the Water Plant. A
Michigan Highway #63 interchange forms the East boundary of the Park. Lake
Michigan forms the West boundary of the Park. An abandoned industrial property
I formerly known as the Ausco Plant lies Southeast of the Park. This site is a
suspected toxic waste dump.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
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I December 1990
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I Site Analysis and
Existing Conditions
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
The team assembled for the site analysis and the environmental analysis included
I archaeologists, wetlands biologists, botanists, environmental consultants, and
landscape architects. In this way, pre-historic and historic features were analyzed.
Sensitive environmental areas and threatened and endangered species were
I identified, and man-made elements were analyzed, as well as the human impact
on this property.
I Archaeological Review
I were located in a 60 meter square area near the City Pump Station, at the base of
a bluff near what was once the edge of the Paw Paw River. These artifacts are
thought to be of the Middle Woodland Period (100BC- 400AD). The site has been
identified as Jean Klock Park Site (20BE413). See Dr. Cremin's fu ll repo rt in
I Supporting Documents. It is anticipated that a Phase II Archaeo logical dig will be
conducted to further establish the significance of this site.
I Biologists' Review
The biologists' analysis of this property identified natural systems present using a
I variety of tools. The Jean Klock Park site contains a number of ecosystems: th e
beach, open graminoid sand dunes, wooded dunes, upland areas, cattail marsh,
marsh. wetlands. and old river channels. The Parks greatest asset other than the
I beach is the fact that a dunes ecosystem· and a wetlands ecosystem are in very
close proximity to each other. This asset makes this Park ideal for environmental
education and an open-air laboratory and classroom. The great challenge on thi s
I Park property will always be protecting these sensitive environments while
allowing for human use and controlling that use to minimize damage.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I Two general areas comprising the majority of the site are particularly sensitive to
human impact. The sand dunes and the wetlands on this property are of a level of
quality that they require protection from overuse. Their importance as a resource
I It is the opinion of the biologists that human interaction with these sensitive
environments be controlled so that the resource is conserved and protected. At the
same time, the possibility must exist for human interaction with these environments.
I To accomplish this goal, it will be important to minimize foot traffic by providing
paved surfaces where possible, and elevated stairs and decks to keep foot traffic
up off the sand dunes, so that it will be possible for people to reach the top of the
I dune to experience the panoramic views without damaging vegetalion. Similarly,
for people to interact and react with the wetlands environment, it will be important to
construct a boardwalk of some sort that will allow people to penetrate the wetland
I without impacting it or damaging it.
I educating the public as to how sensitive these environments are, and why they are
worth protecting is enhanced. The resource has a better chance of being
preserved.
Project landscape architects went to Jean Klock Park to review the man-made
I elements, and made an assessment in response to the future usage of these
elements for park and recreation use.
I Juvenile Play
The existing tot lot at the Park is at this time in poor condition, which does not
facilitate its usage. Most of the play equipment is at least partially buried in the
I sand, making it unusable. This tot 101 is located in what was once the foredune. It
is important for opportunities for juvenile play to take place at the Park, but
apparently this is not the best location for this equipment.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
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December 1990
I The surface of this court is cracked and has had some settling. The playing surface
is not level, which makes the court unsafe for play. The settling in particular
increases the possibility for injury. There were no nets for either sport at this court.
It appears that at one time there had been lighting. but there are no fixtures present
I at this time.
Water Sports
I Water sports at Jean Klock Park appear to be limited to recreational swimming.
Other water sport usage was not observed. There were some boaters in the area,
but it was not apparent that they were using the Park to drop anchor and swim.
I Participant Involvement
The activities observed mainly in site visits centered around swimming and
I sunbathing. and some people walking a dog . A number of people were observed
using the Park in a passive way. Many sat in their cars to watch others swimming
and sunbathing. or talking to each other. or reading. No other activity was
I observed.
Winter Activities
I There is no evidence at this time of any facilities for winter activities at this Park site.
It is important to note that the winter climate on this site would be particularly hostile
with wind off the lake and lake-effect snows. making this Park difficult to use in the
I winter time.
Outdoor Education
I Drinking Water
The only water fountains observed at this site occur at the bathhouse,
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
Sanitary Facilities
I The existing bathhouse contains rest rooms for public use. Th is building is in need
of extensive repair. The roof needs repair or replacement. there are windows
missing, and a number of the fixtures have been damaged or destroyed. It will be
I important in the future to maintain these facilities, and make sure repairs are made
immediately for this Park to be successful.
I Showers
There are showers located at the bathhouse. They don't appear to be in good
condition. It was not known if these fixtures were operable.
I Protection from Weather
There are no shelters other than the bathhouse existing in the Park. The
I bathhouse is not large enough to accommodate a large crowd in the event of a
sudden storm.
I Activity Lighting
Lighting for specific activities has not been observed. There is some security
lighting along the boulevard along the beach.
I Safety Supervision
Each time the Project Team visited the Park, there was no life guard on duty, and
I no sign posted "Swim at Your Own Risk". There is also no evidence of any sort of
beach patrol or park management. In the future, safety supervision will become an
increasingly important issue especially when Park usage increases.
I Facility Maintenance
As stated before, the bathhouse is in desperate need of repair. There does not
appear to be evidence of regularly scheduled maintenance. From discussions
I with the City Parks Department it is understood that there is an underfunding
problem that makes this Department unable keep up with maintena nce. The need
for maintenance is increased due to vandalism which results from a lack of security.
I Accessibility
Accessibility to Jean Klock Park appears to be limited to vehicles. Th e Park is
I located in such a way that pedestrian access particularly by children is not
necessarily safe. It is apparent that public transportation to the site is not available.
I Communications
Communications eqUipment such as telephones are lacki ng in the Park. Access to
telephones in an emergency situation will need to be considered as the Park
I begins to develop.
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
Seating
I A great number of the benches along the boulevard at the Park are missing backs
and seats. This is another area where maintenance has not taken place. Once
again this has been a funding issue, not necessarily a reflection on the ability of the
I Parks Department to maintain their facilities.
Electrical Lines
I The electrical lines to the security lights along the boulevard have overhead wiring.
This type of wiring is extremely unsafe, because it might be possible for someone
to jump from the dune into the wiring, or fall into the wiring. It was also observed
I that some disconnected wiring loose on the ground. Al l wiring should be in
underground conduit in public areas to minimize the possibility of injury or death.
I Security
There is now no apparent way to secure this park property from the public after
hours. Historically, this has meant vandalism and abusive use by people who
I enter the Park after 10pm and destroy benches and restroom facilities. It is
impossible with the current funding Situation for the City of Benton Harbor to
continue to maintain facilities or replace items that have been destroyed if there is
I no means to secure th is property. Park security will become an increasingly
important issue as the number of Park users grows. Security fencing will be a first
step in controlling access to this park. It may become apparent laler on lhat
M-63 Interchange
This interchange, which forms the East boundary of the Park, is poorly maintained
I and contributes to the abandoned look of the area. The pavement and the
guardrails are not maintained, and the mowing of the interchange is infrequent.
This interchange is the "front door" of the Park, and will always contribute 10 the
I Park's image. The need for improved conditions in this area is clear.
In summary, the overall condition of this Park as far as man-made feature s are
I concerned causes one to wonder if this Park has been abandoned for a number of
years. The dunes sand that has been removed from the roadway has been pifed
along the streets far from the beach, which makes visibility a problem. The difficulty
I in maintaining the man-made facilities also contributes to the appearance of the
Park being abandoned. One of the greatest concerns after reviewing this Park is
helping to improve the image of Jean Klock Park in such a way that people will be
I attracted to using this Park, arid feel safe in doing that. In the same way, additional
facilities are needed to increase use of the Park. Things like picnic shelters, tables,
grills, and various elements that enhance the use of the beach in particular are
I needed.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor, Michigan
December 1990
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Jean Klock Park
I Natural Conditions
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Jean Klock Park
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
I back as 1935. Numerous uses have been suggested for this property. Everything
from re-routing the Paw Paw River to flow directly to Lake Michigan through the
Park, to different active recreation items like miniature golf, tennis. amphitheaters,
and interpretive centers. A number of the plans have not paid close attention to
I environmental concerns, in fact some of them were relying on significant alteration
of the site and the reestablishment of the vegetation to stabilize the dunes after they
have been moved and altered. The thing that comes to mind in reviewing this park
I property is the fact that very little of this property is developable if the sand dunes.
the beach and the wetlands are preserved. For that reason, a number of the past
uses that have been proposed are most likely inappropriate for this site. In
I summary, a number of the former plans for the Park proposed considerable human
impact on the environment, and the destruction of some of the sensitive
environments on the site. This property will always requ ire a generous amount of
I sensitivity in the use of the Park and maintaining the natural resources that are
available.
I potential Attractions
Part of the program for the Master Plan process was researching potential regio nal
I attractions that would have a te ndency to draw from the secondary market of a
seven county area. This part of the study was done simultaneously with the
environmental assessment. The team took a look at several options, including:
I zoos, aquariums, botanic gardens, theme parks, water parks, and outdoor drama.
It is now the opinion of the team that a number of these uses would nol be
appropriate at the Jean Klock Park site as it stands today. Some of these regional
attractions would require much larger areas than are available on this site. Thi s
I does not mean that these attractions are not suitable for Benton Harbor. What it
does mean is that if these attractions were to occur as part of Jean Klock Park, they
would need to be located on property now outside of Park boundaries.
I The fundability of these regional attractions has been a concern in view of the
current financial status of the City of 8enton Harbor. Attractions like theme parks ,
I water parks, or outdoor drama would need to be financed by a developer, with the
City leasing the property to the developer. In that respect. these are viable options,
if more property were to become available. Zoos, aquariums, and botanic gardens
I can be combined quite easily. Financing this type of development will require a
partnership between business, the public, as well as the City. These regional
attractions requ ire a great deal of aggressive fund raising, foundation and
I endowment creation, corporate sponsorship, environmental group sponsorship,
special events, and public support in addition to gate receipts to reach a break-
even status. Many of these facilities operate at a deficit, and for that reason this
I On October 30, 1990, the Project Team along with representatives 01 the City of
Benton Harbor met to discuss the mission and goal of Jean Klock Park.
Consultants reviewed site conditions and observations, and received input fro m
I charette participants. Representatives from the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources were in attendance; the Grants Division as well as members of the
Coastal Zone Management group.
I The Mission of Jean Klock Park
Local representatives from the community defined the mission of the Park:
I The mission of Jean Klock Park is to serve as a place of leisure for the
local community. leisure shall mean both active and passive
I recreation taking advantage of the site's natural assets. Secondarily,
In the process 01 accomplishing this, II Is hoped that the Park will
attract tourists Irom out 01 town.
I Brainstorm Ideas:
I There were a number of ideas brought forth in the charette, both from members of
the community as well as the consultants present. The ideas presented were
varied. They are listed below in random order:
The bathhouse and concession area need to be upgraded.
I Picnic areas should be improved.
There should be a walking trail system thai should have a certain amount of
accessibility for the handicapped.
I There should be an environmental nature center thai will function as an outdoor
classroom as well as a visitors center.
There needs to be a maintenance facility wilh storage lor equipment.
I There needs to enhancement of the wetlands and dunes ecology.
The existing playground equipment needs to be relocaled and improved.
There needs to be a designated fishing area.
I There should be the possibility of a small boat launch on the Paw Paw River.
There should be an option for a sailboat concession on the beach.
There should be improved maintenance on the interchange.
I The Park needs a sense of arrival, a major entry gate feature to attract th e public to
the Park.
Vehicular access needs to be controlled within the Park so there is no damage to
I the fragile environment.
The foredune should be restored to control sand deposition.
Parking spaces should be improved with pavement.
I Pedestrian access should be explored so that the handicapped have access to the
beach, and the environmenl is protected at the same time.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I The dunes should be protected from human impact. All natural assets should be
protected.
There should be transportation for children to the beach.
Swimming lessons and recreation programs should be offered at the beach.
I There should be access by bicycle or by walking from the City to the beach for
children in particular.
Maintenance staff needs to be increased.
I A security guard or patrolman will probably be needed.
There should be off-season activities at the Park.
Cross-country skiing should be an option in the wintertime.
I Ice skating should be made available by filling & freezing one of the parking lots.
One of the pavilions should be winterized.
There should be a sense of positive attitude and positive ownership developed
I about Jean Klock Park.
The Parks Department should develop a canoe concession on the Paw Paw River,
which is an untapped resource at this time.
I Camping should be possible at the Park.
There should be an isolated area for people to beach boats so that they can dock
at the park without injuring swimmers.
I There should be a structure for open-air concerts.
There should be a Jean Klock Triathlon.
The Park should hosl regional competitions that would link the City of Benton
I Harbor with the Park. These require corporate sponsorships wherever appropriate .
Jean Klock Park should be advertised by its major events throughout the season.
The concessions should be money makers. Possibly lease to a concessionaire.
I There should be a balance between the sensitive areas on the site with the people
who want to use those areas.
The archaeological site should be fully researched by a uni versity so there is no
cost to the City.
I Jean Klock Park should generate community involvement.
Improvements to the Park will be done in phases.
The first impact should be of the least cost and the easiest to accomplish.
I There needs to be a balance between local and regional user needs.
There needs to be a ba lance between development and the maintenance required
to maintain that facility .
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December 1990
I Yearly passes sold to the local community, and there should be a charge per car to
enter the Park.
Future Trust Fund monies will be directly tied to the approved 5-year master plan.
Thera should ba a recreation bond program developed.
I The Parks Department must cultivate park patrons and corporate sponsors for
improvements and special programs.
The City should seek fishing access grants for access on the Paw Paw River. It
I was discovered that the Paw Paw is a high quality river and a significant
resource to the community.
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michlgan
I December 1990
I For this initial phase, there has been nothing suggested in the way of a park office ,
or a maintainence facility. There should be space made available nearby, possibly
at the Water Plant. If this idea is not viable , similar facilities shou ld be secured
I nearby.
Phase I development will begin to do many things for the Parle From the onset. the
I Park can be used as an outdoor classroom for the local school systems to explain
to children how these sensitive environments in the dunes and the wetlands work:
how the sand moves. how plants stabilize the dunes, how aqualic plants filler Ihe
I waler. Children can learn the benefits of these ecosystems and realize that they
are surrounded by examples of these ecosystems. In doing so, an educated
public will be prepared to preserve and enhance the special resources here at the
Jean Klock Park site.
I In continuation of current services, the Park is a logical place to offer swimming
lessons. They should be well staffed with life guards and people who are qualified
I to teach. This is an important program in every community, and especially one like
Benton Harbor wilh two rivers and a Great Lake within the city limits. It is also
possible for sailing lessons to be made available through a concessionaire, using
I small cra" rentals suilable for novices. There are fishing opportunities al the Park
in the old river channel at the eastern edge of the Park. Picnicking is another
activity that will be enhanced by the new facililies. It is necessary to increase the
I opportunity and the quality of that experience in the Park. Sunbathing will continue
to be popular on the beach, and elsewhere in the Park as well.
This activity needs to controlled as to where this activity takes place within the Park
I so that the dunes environment is not damaged. The sunbathing also opens doors
to selling sunbathing products at the concession stand. Food concessions will be
available once again. It is suggested for financial viability that initially at least the
I food concessions should be handled as in theatres--a premium price for some of
these concessions to generate operating funds.
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Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor, Michigan
I December 1990
I Event planning will take on new significance as this Park is redeveloped . There is
an image problem at Jean Klock Park now that needs to be overcome and a
positive image enhanced. Major events like a Triathlon or Music in the Park will
draw people to the Park who may not otherwise come , and help them realize that
I things are new and different, and that Jean Klock Park is a safe and fun place to go.
The end result is that the general feeling about the Park is greatly enhanced, and
this will boost attendance, and will increase financial viability. The citizens of
I Benton Harbor will benefit from the feeling of good will, and the spin-off economic
benefits of tourism.
I Administrative Restructuring
As Jean Klock Park is redeveloped and resurrected from its current condition, a
I number of administrative groups should be created to enhance this activity and
revive this Park. The Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. needs to be created as a
funding source for capital improvements and a permanent maintainence
I endowment. It is suggested that the core of this new foundation body be composed
of key members of other local foundations. The importance of this new foundation
cannot be overestimated for the long-term future of this Park.
I At the grass-roots level, Friends of Jean Klock Park should be developed. This
group would be made up of local people who desire to have a share in Park
I ownership in Jean Klock Park and in what is going on in the Park, and they
become very proactive supporters of the Parks system.
I The user fees collected, as well as the profits collected from concessions and
leases to concessionaires should be dedicated for operation and improvement of
the Park.. The suggestion is a non-reverting capital fund that allows an
accumulation of funds for major purchases and major capital improvements. This
I is not intended fo Cripple the City in collecting fees that might end up in the City
General Fund, but helps create less burden on the City in the long run because the
capital funds needed by the Park are generated by the Park. The Park has a better
I chance of becoming financially viable, as these funds are poured back into the
physical plant.
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor. Michigan
December 1990
I The State of Michigan also allows the creation of a Jean Klock Park Commission
which would become a governing body for the Park. This goveming entity would
be a free-standing body not attached in any way to any municipality, county, or
state recreation organization. It will be important at some point in the future for the
I Park to be an autonomous entity that promotes the City of Benton Harbor without
being a burden to the City. This governing body would also coordinate any land
• acquisition, major development in the future as well, and wou ld also be backed by
the Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc. and Friends of Jean Klock Parle This
Commission would set Park standards as to how the property would be
••• maintained, control hiring and firing, coordinate development, and also create the
opportunity for regionalization of area recreational resources.
•
Commission as a governing body might fill this function quite nicely. A fair amount
of negotiation among existing recreational entities will be necessary to come to a
consensus of regional recreational need and response to growth in the region.
•I Phase II Deyelopment
•
along the Paw Paw River just East of the current property. The Paw Paw River is a
high quality waterway. It is undeveloped due to extensive marsh areas lining both
sides of the Paw Paw for mi les. This river has a very high potential for recreational
•I
use, particularly for fishermen. These wetland areas along the Paw Paw are not
developable, as the wetlands are federally protected. In addition to the acquisition
of some of these wetlands, it is possible to develop a canoe concession and boat
launch on an old right-of-way East of the interchange on M-63. This would greatly
enhance access to this waterway. and increase the recreation base for the Park
system. Access to the Paw Paw has been very limited due to the presence of
extensive wetlands, and also because of a railroad bridge that is still in use with
•I only 53 inches of clearance. This railroad bridge was once engineered to rotate for
boating access, and the restoration of the mechanism is an essential part of this
phase. The water-based recreation potential within the city limits of Benton Harbor
cannot be overestimated. There should also be coordinated efforts wit h the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources and various fishing clubs in seeing that
the Paw Paw is stocked with game fish. This will allow for fishing contests , which
will draw from the larger secondary market.
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I The Troyer Group, Inc.
Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
Also part of Phase II physical development of the current Jean Klock Park property
I is the construction of the Interpretive Center. At the onset, a strong theme will be
defined for the facility. This building will allow for education and provide meeting
space for other groups, such as corporate seminars, clubs, etc. This will allow for
I increased Park usage, and will enhance the Park's image from a public relations
standpoint. This facility will become increasingly important for environmental
education for area school children.
I The funding for the Interpretive Center at Jean Klock Park will most likely come
from a combination of private fu nds, corporate sponsorships, the general public,
I and grant monies from the Mich igan Department of Natural Resources. This is an
effort that will require a great deal of coordination, which should be done by the
Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc.
I Phase III Development
I Phase III development for Jean Klock Park includes construction of a Conference
and Retreat Center on the site of the old Higman Park Dance Hall at the extreme
northernmost point of the property. This portion of the property is owned by the City
I of Benton Harbor, but was not part of the original gift of the Klock family. This
facility will expand upon the mission and goal of the Interpretive Center as far as
providing quality gathering space for various types of groups. This facility is
I envisioned to provide overnight accommodations and meals for groups, along with
flexible meeting room s.
The funding of this facility may take two routes. As with the Interpretive Center, thi s
I facility may be funded by a combination of public, private. and state funds. The
other possibility for funding this facility will be for the City to lease the land to a
developer with restrictive covenants on use and architecture. This option will
I require further study for an implementation plan that is advantageou s to the City.
I Attendance Goals:
As mentioned before, the current attendance at Jean Klock Park is far below the
I average for similar parl<s in other parts of southwestern lower Michigan. The
current attendance is between 4,000 and 7,000 annually. The following park
systems in southwestern lower Michigan that keep attendance stati stics show the
range of the number of park visitors in proportion to the amount of beachfro nt
I available. This information is useful in roughly predicting possible attendance
figures for a re novated Jean Klock Park. The other factor that is a determinant in
the number of beach users is the amount of parking available. The range of figures
I are illustrated in the chart below:
I The maximum number of people that this park property CQuid handle is
somewhere in the neighborhood of 350,000 people in a year. It wi ll take a greal
deal of time for attendance to come anywhere near that level. It would be
I 350000
300000
I 250000
200000
I
ISOOOO
100000
50000
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" shown is dependent"on the completion of
The anticipated attendance growth
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Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor. Michigan
December 1990
I User Fees:
User fees should be charged for use of Jean Klock Park after Phase I
improvements. User fees will generate revenues for a non-reverting capital fu nd,
I as well as operating expenses and a long~range maintenance endowment. It is
suggested that there be a parking fee for every car entering the Park: $1 .00 for
local cars, $2.00 for Michigan residents and $3.00 for out-of-state vehicles. Fees
I should be collected seven days a week from May 15th to September 15th for at
least the first few years. There needs to be a strong accountability system for Park
employees who collect funds from the public to insure uniformity of services
I provided, and maximum collection. Food should be sold for profit as done in movi e
theaters, for instance.
Other concessions may be leased to concessionaires with lease fee and
I percentage of gross sales coming back to the Park. Other possible concessions fo r
the Park would include : small sailboats. souvenirs, cabanas, umbrellas, tanning
products and canoes.
I Another source of user fees will be picnic shelter rentals for groups. Depending
upon the size of the shelter, a fee of $75.00 to $100.00 per shelter may be collected
I for special gatherings. These rentals should be reserved in advance wit h a non-
refundable deposit of $25.00 to hold the date. As Park usage increases, it may be
possible to rent the shelters more than once a day. '
I As Phase I improvements are completed, it is important that this Park is operated
like a responsible business with tight controls on how money is collected, handled,
I and spent with little room for abuses or mishandling of funds. A very high level of
accountability will have to be achieved for all employees who are handling monies.
The future of Jean Klock Park is very much dependent upon the prudent handling
of funds. Any abuses in the collection or reporting of user fee collections wil l
I jeopardize Benton Harbor's abillty to keep this Park financially viable, which will in
turn permanently damage the re lationship between the City and the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources and exempt the City from future use of state
I funds.
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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The chart below includes all constructed items shown on the Master Plan , and a
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Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I The following bar chart illustrates the cash flow for constructed items as shown in
the charf on the previous page:
I
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY PHASE
I $4,000,000
I $3,500,000
$3,52B,900
$3 ,000,000
I $2,500,000
$2,490,000
$2,000,000
I $1,500,000
$1,000,000
I $500,000 $442,900
I $0
PHASE I PHASE II PHASE II I PHASE IV
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
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Development Process
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I Implementation Schedule
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Mlchlgan
I December 1990
I Funding Sources:
There are a number of options available to a parks system for securing funds for
I capital development projects. Public support for the projects is an essential first
step. Nearly all grant programs require local matching funds , which are often the
most difficult portion of a grant package to assemble. The exploration for new
I funding sources will always require consistent effort Some major capital
improvement projects may benefit from a professional fund raiser, although few
parks development projects would justify this expense.
I Below is a checklist of possible funding sources:
I Conservation Groups
Sierra Club
Audobon Society
Sportfishing Clubs
I Recreation Bonds
Millage
Private Donations
I City of Benton Harbor General Fund
User Fees
Jean Klock Park Foundation, Inc.
I The Friends of Jean Klock Park
Round up Utility Bills for Parks
In-Kind Services. (for the local matching funds)
I Community Service Clubs
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Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
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Management Plan
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 199 0
I Management Structure
I 3. Create the Jean Klock Park Commission as a legal entity for the
purpose of the management of the Park. This group would relieve t he
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I Stalllnq Requirements
The following chart illustrates a probable staffing scenario with salaries projected
for the first five years. As Park attendance increases dramatically, additional
I maintenance staff may be requ ired. Note that in year three a Naturalist is added.
This position is optional. Due to budget constraints, the staffing shown in the first
year may have to be modified. User fees and concession sales will be a driving
I factor in staffing increases, and both are totally dependent on increased
attendance. Salaried employees show a 5% pay increase yearly.
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I TOTAl.. SA1.NlY EXPENDITURES:
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Goshen & Mishawaka. I ndiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor, Mlchlgan
December J 990
I Operating Expenses
I The chart below shows basic operating expenses projected for five years. These
items are anticipated to be needed every year. A dramatic increase in the number
of park users will create the need to modify these figures. This is an area where
cost containment is essential, and must be balanced with high maintenance
I standards. New programs at the Pari< will alter the items listed. Operating
expenses need to be analyzed annually.
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Goshen & Mishawaka, Indiana
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I CopUa! Improvements
The chart be low shows all Capital Improvements for Jean Klock Park as illust rated
I on the Master Plan, as well as a projected time frame for implementation. These
items can be juggled according to what monies are available .
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Goshen & Mishawpka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
In order to keep Jean Klock Park viable, a non-reverting capital fund musf be
I created . Monies generated at the Park need to be reinvested in the Park . Funds
reverting back to the City General Fund will for the most part be lost for future
development. This Fund is necessary for matching funds for grants programs for
I capital projects. It is also suggested that 10% of this fund be permanently
conserved as a maintenance endowment in perpetuity to keep the Park from
falling into disrepair.
I Expenditures Summary
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I $1.04 $0.86
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Goshen & Mfshawaka, Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
I Revenue Potential
The chart above illustrates the revenues needed for Jean Klock Park to reach a
break-even stage. The estimated number of visitors has been plugged into the
I summary of expenditures in order to calculate the cost per visitor at vario us stages
01 development. Also , the cost per visitor has been calculated with capital
improvements removed for costs for purely operations. Parking fees have been
I calculated as well. It appears that the break-even point for Jean Klock Park will be
met when attendance reaches t 50,000 to t 75,000 people in a season, and figures
assume concessions pro fits with parking fees would generate these funds.
I
The bar chart below further illustrates the Summary of Expenditures:
I
'FIVE YEAR SUMMARY GRAPH
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I •
, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ",177,400
I ,
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$0 $2tlo.OOO $40() ,OOO $600,000 $801).000 $1,0(10, 000 $ 1,200,000 $ 1,400.000
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor. Michigan
December 1990
I Maintenance Standards
I followed. In the future, maintenance standards must be much higher, and repairs
must be made immediately for Jean Klock Park to be successful. The creation of a
maintenance endowment should aid considerably in providing adequate funding
for maintenance.
I Accountability
I For the Park to be successful, the park management must build accountability into
the management scheme. Anyone who handles money needs to be accountable
for the handling or mishandling of those funds. Leaving room for abuses will
I jeopardize the future of the Park. Rnancial ly resurrecting the Park. is a difficult task
to begin with, but abuses may prevent the Park from being viable within the 36
month time period allowed by the City.
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Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
I Benton Harbor, Michigan
December 1990
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Public Hearing
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. MIchigan
I December 1990
I On December 17, 1990, the Jean Klock Park Master Plan was presented to the
public. The current Master Plan for the property was well received by the public.
The general feeling by the public was 1ha1 they were anxious for any positive action
I at the Park to happen. Two concerns were voiced repeatedly :
1. Security, How will access to the Park be controlled after hours? Will
I there be security guards after hours? (There will be security fencing
to secure the Park after hours, and a part-time independent security
guard has been budgeted.)
I 2. Gentrification. Will the improvements to Jean Klock Park result in user
fees that will prevent poorer local people from using the Park? (The
I Mission of Jean Klock Park, as described by residents of the
community, was to first serve the local population, That issue has
been at the core of the master planning process from the beginning.)
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1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
JEAN KLOCK PARI MASTER PLAN
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I By:
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I:
I ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
I its sister city , St. Joseph, are the pr i ncipal cities of Berrien
Joseph;
the cities of Benton Harbor and S t .
I demographic and economic data for the project market area, and to
preliminary census results show a count for the CEDe service area
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I Tabl~ 1.
POPULaTION sn.TISIICS
I 1960
74,919
1980
75,078
1990*
78,929 85,305
2000* 2010*
I * Pro jections
Source: "Fac tbook", The Southwestern Michigan ComDission
there would he growth from 1980 of 0.2 percent for the CEDe ·and a
I marginal decrease of 1.3 percent for Berrien County. It is also
increases for both areas in the 20 0 0 and 2010 censuses -- 5.1 and
I 8.1 percent for the CEDC, and 4L1 and 3.8 percent for Berrien
County.
I Berrien Coun ty
1932
30.7
19 84
31.3
1986
31.9
1988
32.5
Benton Harbor 21 22.4 23 23.4
I
I median age of a resident of Benton Harbor, 23.4 years, is nine
I .... hole.
th~re were
I b. Households.
This represents
63,000
I Table 4.
NU~BER OF HOUSEH9LDS (000)
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1988 count continued a reversal from the decline reported in
figure that has been constant in the six year period reported.
I c. Income. Estimates of "effective buying income"
personal tax and nontax payments. Table 5 shows adjusted EBI for
I Berrien County amounting to $1 . 981 billion . Adjustment was made
I Table 5.
EFFECTIV~ BUYI;'!G· INeOHE - 3ERRIEN COUlITY (Billior.s)
I 1982 1984 1986 1988
U nad j .
1988
Adjusted
iS5~es
I Source:
Note:
"Sales and Marketin g Management",
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I 5
I Table 6.
:1ED!,\N HOUSEilOLD £Fr-ECTI'lt: aUYI:fG I;{COHE
iss'J~s
I Source:
Note:
"Sales an.d :1a:'keting Mal"lage!llent",
I Index for the nation as a whole rose 23.1 percent during the
I lo-i9.9
20-34.9
25.5%
32.5%
22.7:
29 . 9%
23.6%
27.6%
24.7 %
28 . 4%
35-49.9 15.7% 20 . 1% 17.3% 15.5%
I 50+ 5.9% 10 .6% 12.3% 9 . 0%
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I Table 8.
BADE AREA DEMOG~A?iiICS - 1988
I Population Med~an
No.
Households
Median
HOl!sehold
(000) Age (000) EBr s
I MICHIGAN COUNTIES
Be.rrien 167.9 32..3 63.0 S21,651
Cass 50,1 33.3 18.5 523,438
I Kala!:laz':lo
I!an Buren
221.1
71.0
30.4
32.6
83.5
26.0
S27,35"
S18.622
I INDIANA
LaPorte
Porter
COU~TIES
107.0
128. 2
32.7
30.0
37.5
44.0
S23,391
'$30,050
St. Jose;>h 241 , .5 32.8 90.6 $23,641
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demographics wherein 1988 population, median age, number of
I households, and median household ESI are listed by trade area
I counties.
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Table 9.
TRADE AR EA MARKET POTE NTI AL - 19 88 AND 1993 PR OJ EC TIO NS
Population Total Retail Sales Total Eln
(000) ($000) ($000)
1988 1993 % Chg. 1988 1993 % Ch& . 1988 I 9tJ 3 % Chg.
MI CH I GAN COUNTIE S
Berrien 16 7 . 9 ) 64 . 9 - l.8 914.5 1,297.3 111.9 1, 785. 1 2 , 585. 1 M~.8
Cass 50.1 50.4 0.5 115.5 17 0.6 47. 7 548.2 811. 9 48.1
Kalamazoo 222 .1 226 .5 2.0 1,648 . 6 2 ,4 74.0 50. I 2 , 969.8 4 ,4 69 . 0 50 . S
Van Dur e n 71 . 0 71. /, 0.5 269.5 398.1 47 . 7 626 . 5 927.9 48. I
INDIANA CO UNTIE S
La Porte 107. 0 107 . 6 0.6 590 . I 876 . 9 48.6 1,080.0 1,6 21. 1 50. 1
Porter 128.2 131. 5 2.6 588 . 9 894.8 52.0 1, 528 .4 2,340 . 6 53. I
St. Jose ph 241 .5 239 . 2 -1.0 1,7/18.1 2,585.0 47.8 2,737 . 6 4 ,0 41 . 1 47.6
en
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Table 10 that through the first six months of 1990, there was an
I Urlemployrnenc
Uneop. Ra te
11. SOG
I.i 16. 1:
8 , 300
12.3:
6,800
9.0:
5.400
6.8:
6,100
7.81:
'"
I *Average through June 1990.
Source: Michigan E~?lo,nent S~curity Coo~ission
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number of persons employed represented " a decrease of 2.2 petcent
I from t he comparable 1988 monthly average. (T h e 1989 average also
I Table 11.
PERCENT EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
Benton ~arbor MSA, Jul] 1990
G~OUP
I Manufacturing
Employees
20.800
% of Tocal
30.91
ServiC:'es 15.500 23.0%
I Retail Trede
Coverntlent
12.500
S.400
2.900
18. 5~
12.4:
4.3::
Wholesale Trade
Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 2,800 4. 1:
I Trans., Comm .• & Utilities
Construction
2,100
1,900
"'-.0%
2.e:
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manufacturing sector. The trend in Berrien County had been
I substantially upvard as is demonstrated by a 22 . 7 percent gain in
I employees and percent of total for two -di git Standard Industrial
I Transportation
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
1 , 439
2,272
9,036
1 , 460
2,516
9,9 4 3
1,585
2,771
11 ,092
10,1%
22.0 %
22.8:
Fi n . , Ins. , •
R.E . 1.997 2,227 2.484 24 .4;:
I Services 11,264 13,183 14,047 14.H
I Table 13.
PAYROLL BY INDUSTar G~OU?
8er~i~~ Cou~ty - 1987
I Annual (SOaO)
Manufactu:ing 55i ,801
I Ser'Ji~es
Retail Trade
\iholesale Trade
175,9l:.S
108,073
7i • 078
Fin" Ins., ana R.£. 49,618
I TransJ. a~d ocher Public Util.
Cont:~ct Con5truct~cn
Ninins
1..9,196
33,371
3,082
torestry, ana Fisn. I ,~5!
I Ag . SerV""
Unclassified Establish~ents 1 , !;O 2
T.n al 1,051,017
Tab l e 14 .
I AVE~AG~ HOURLY EAR~INGS IN MANUFACTURING
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I those same indus cries in the State of Michigan; and, 1988 data
I part of the Jean Klock Park renovation have not as yet been
definitized, however, it is possible to reach certain conclusions
recreational activities.
I a. Market Po~ential. One can view the market
I Table 1 S •
I~lPACT 0 , TRAVEL ON BERRIC:~ CO V ~;~ y
I 1983 1986
, Ch g .
1983 - 86
I To tal Travel
Expe:tditures (0 00) 84,113 97,187 13.5;'
I Travel Generated
Payr oll (000 ) 15 , 13~ 17 , 621 16.4%
Travel Generated
I Emplo:m.ent ( J obs )
State Tax
1,702 1 ,852 8. 8:
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I 4. CODclusioo. Demographics and economic data clearly
contention.
in itself, for that
a rea 2 ~ lth and 213th. respectively, among 319 Metro Market areas
I that are tracked across the U. S .
great.
I Depending upon the breadth of reve n ue prOducing attractions,
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I and tourism industry, becomes a de c isive factor in the further
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I Jean Klock Park Master Plan
Benton Harbor. Michigan
I December 1990
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I Archaeological Survey Report
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I The Troyer Group, Inc.
Goshen & Mishawaka. Indiana
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A Aeport of A=scarch
1 Undertaken on Behalf of:
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• INTROOUCTION:
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Upon receipt of authorization from the City of Benton Harbor
(dated 17 Sep 90) and The Troyer Group (dated 20 Sep 90)
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evaluation of the property in question to determine if landscape
alt2ration associated with the Master Plan for the park would
.1 PROJECT PERSONNEL:
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Project Supervisor
Cremin ConSUlting
I Field Agsistan~s
in Anthropology, WMU
I in Anthropology, WMU
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- Mr. Lewis Wisser, M.A. Candidate in
Anthropology, WMU
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Jean Klock Park occupies some 90 acres (36.4 hal in the NW 1/4
• Michigan (Fig ~ 1). It extends from the lake shoreline on the west
Fig.1
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, ~
I kilometer I
H igman .ra r K. ,;~
" , •
BENTON ' HARBO!
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;,
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",;
'. ~:t
'"
. '"t.
(;) .::0 ."
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I 1950 ' s, the channel of the Paw Paw River was Filled to permit
1 its present CQurse which lies to the east end parallels t he high -
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Upon the arrival of the survey team i t was immediately apparent
portion of the project where the Paw Paw River had formerly flowed
I and an the dunes that separate the strip of beach front from the
remainder of the study area . The beach front has been developed as
1 line. It appeared that the area lying north of the bathhouse had
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material, with nothing being observed . Here, surveyors noted that
,I the foredunes, however, the top ography suggested that much of the
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area had been leveled and scraped. Thi s is especially true For
I 75
I the City of Senton Harbor water Facility and its surrounding park_
I area.
East of the dunes and scraped areas, and separated from them
I by a road, lies the extensive marsh that Flanked the Former Paw
I The slopes of the bluFf that define. the northern limits of our
study area were found to be heav i ly wooded with climax species long
red oaks, and maples f o rmed t h e canopy, while the understory was
and be l ow the bluff (Fig. 2). We wondered whether this might repre-
sent a former meand e r b e nd in the river long since cut oFf from the
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I ARCHAEOLOGICA L RESEARCH ANO RESOURCES IN THE AREA:
I Cummingham 1961, 1967; Ellis 1880; Moulds 1963; Pender 1915; and
Tucker 1942) and examination of the state site files strong l y sug-
~oseph
the confluence of this r iver and the St .
I the "tortuous" co u rse of this river, with its low banks and very
r efe r ence · six (6) sites i n the general area, the closest of which
I is loosely located in Section 14 to the southwest of the project
cemetery, but is loc ated on the so uth side of the St. Josep h Aiver
I very n e~r to the favored lo ca t ion for La Sa ll e's Fort Miam i (20BE213)
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s lJ dentiFied as being prehistoric in age. Also purportedly
tl
~d on the south bank of the St. Joseph Aiver e short distance
Finally, the site files record 208E144 at the mouth of the Paw
f'l all that was noted was en extensive surFace sca tter of pre-
EJ FIELO PROCEDURES;"
tl thou9h it was ori gina lly anticipated that two field days
nl surf8ce in those areas where beach and dunes prevei led and
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I and dene, only three areas of limited spatial exte n t were determined
Shovel testing along parallel trans e cts was conducted along the
I base of t h e bluff forming t h e northern limits of the study area. On
I the we~tern end of this area, three lines of survey 15 m apert wer e
aree.
~he central portion of the study
when surveyors determined that the entire area between two p ave d
roads and south of the extant marsh had been fi!l~d with foundry
.' survey team did record the presence of one prehistoric site. Our
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discovery of the Jean Klock Park site (20BE413) was facilitated by
Mr. Burkholz, who was curious as to our activities and came down
from his heuse on the bluff top to visit with us. He informed
surveyors that at some time in the past his daughter had COllected
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I "arrowheads" from a location very near to the pumping station that
I the project area (Fig . 2). He Fu rther informed the swrvey team
that workmen had long ago recovered and removed from this location
I a pa rt ial human skeleton a nd that local historian, Wilbur Cunningham,
I unknown to us.
I pumping station,
wetlands commenced.
visual inspection of the bank at the edge of the
Creek -3; Burlington -2; Flint Ridge -1; Onondaga -1; and un-
,I identiFied - is. In additipn to the pieces of debitage collected
I From the bank, two of 10 shovel tests in the grassed area back from
the edge of the wetlands produced four more lithic items, including
I weighing 50.5 g.
The single rimsherd collected from the bank was clearly associ-
has a dark, grit -tem pered paste . Or. Eliza beth Garla n d of Western
.1 Michigan University believes that this specime n is consistent with
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I placement suggested b y t he one diag n cstic implemen t
was able to produce from his daughter's collection From this site.
that Mr. Burkhol z
that falls within the Snyders Cluster (Justice 1987). The point
I was made on an unidentified greyish-white chert and exhibits use
il, grassed area revealed little subsurface disturbance, with the humus
1 layer varying from 27 em deep near the fence around the pumping
II, is possible that some topsoil has been take n from . the area as a
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REC OMMENO AT I ONS:
:1 Having perfo r med a systematic and intensive examination of the
REFERENCES CITED:
I Carney, J.T., editor
1978 Berrien Bicentennial. Tesar Printing Company, Stevensville.
I Cunningh8m, W.M.
1961 Land of An Early History of the St. Joseph
I 1967
Valley. W.B . Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids.
Ellis, F.
N.D.
I Justice,
1987 Stone
~stern
~ Soear and Arrow Points £f the Midcontin~ntal and
United St~. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
I Moulds, C.
1963 Chios Fell ~ the Velley, C. Moulds (private printing).
I Pender, J.
1915 History of Benton Harbor and Tales of Village
Braun Printing Company, Chicago.
~. The
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I SITE FOAM
•I paste
8 - pieces of Lamorix chert from Oceania County, Michigan
5-specimens from Dee r lick Creek south of South Haven, Michigan
3-Flakes of Wyandotte chert From extreme southern Indiana
2 - piec e s of Burlington ch e rt from west-central I l linois
1-flake of Flint Ridge che rt From central Ohio
1~5pecimen of Onondaga chert from New York
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I
~EAN- KCOCK PARK BENTON HAABOR. MICHIGAN
I V~GETATlaN INVENTORY 9/23/90
J.F. NEW S ASSOCIATES
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A. BEACH
I Arnmophila breviligulata rnarrarn grass
Artemisia caudate beach wormwood
I Cakile edentula sea rocket
Ca~amovilfa longifalia sand reed
I Cycloioma atriplicifolium
(a)Elymus arenaris
pigweed
lyme gr<sss
I Andropugan scoparius
Artemisia caudata
little blucstcm
beach wormwood
Asclepias syriaca mi lkweed
I Calamovilfa longifolia sand reed
(a)Centaurea maculosB spotted knapweed
I {a)Cirsium arvense
{a}Cirsium vulgare
canada thistle
bull thistle
I Euphorbia polygonifolia
Equisetum hyemale
scaside spurge
rough horsetail
Frageria virginiana wild strawberry
I {a)Elaeagnus umbel lata autumn olive
(a)Hyperium perForatum common St.John's wort
I Lithospermum croceum
(a)Melilotus albe
hairy puccoon
white swcet clover
I Monarda fistulasa
Oenothera biennis
wild bergamot
evening primrose
I Panicum virgatum
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I Populus deltoidss
(a)Plantago lanceolata
cottonwood
english plantain
Prunus virginians choke cherry
I Prunus pumila sand cherry
Toxicodendron poison ivy
I Rhus typhina
S~llix interior
staghcrn .umac
sandbar willow
I S-alix sp.
(a}Saponaria off i cinal is
willow
bouncing bet
I Solidago altissima
Solidago racemose gillmani
tall goldenrod
dune goldenrod
Strophostyl e s h e lvola tr ~ iling wild bean
I (a) Ulmus pumila chinese elm
Vitis r i peria wild grape
I C. WOODED DUNE
I (a)Asparagus officinal is
Celastrus scandens
wi ld asparagus
climbing bittersweet
Cornus stolonifera baileyi bailey's dogwood
I {a)8erberis thu n bergii japanese barberry
Elymus canadensis canada wild rye
I Panicum virgu~um
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
sl'titchgrass
virginia creeper
american sycamore
I Platanus occidental is
Prunus virginiana choke cherry
Ptlea trifoliate wafer ash
I Quercus rubra red oak
Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy
I were observed.
I Cakile edentula
(a)Centaurea maculosa
sea rocket .
spotted knapweed
I (a)Cichorium intybus
Coreopsis tripteris
wild chicory
tall coreopsis
I (a)Oaucus careta
(a)Elaeaenus umbellate
wi Id carrot
autumn oak
Equisetum arvense horsetail
I Equisetum hyemale r ough horsetail
Erigeron strigosus fleabane
I Euphorbia pOlygonifolia
(a)Hypericum perforatum
seaside spurge
common St. ~ohn'6 wort
I (a)Melilotus alba
Monerde puncteta
white sweet~lDver
horse mint
I Oenothera biennia
{a)Plantago lance lata
evening primrose
english plantain
Populus deltoidea cottonwood
I Ptelea trifoliata wafer ash
To xicodendron radicans poison ivy
I Vitis riperia
(a)Xanthium stru mariu m
wild grape
cocklebur
(a)Yucca filamentos8 yucca
I SMALL SEPARATE WETLAND
Juncus efFusus common rush
I Panicum implicatum
Sabatia anularis
poenic grass
rose gentian
I E. UPLAND AREA (BET WEEN JEAN BLVD.S KLOCK ROAD, WEST OF MARSH)
I Andropogon 5~opar i u5
(a)Centaurea maculosa
little bluestem
spotted knapwee d
I Calamovi1fa 10ngif01ia
(a}Comrnelina communis
sand reed
common day flower
I (a)Oaucus carate
Equisetum hyemal e
l'IiId carrot
scouring r ush
Fr agaria virginiana wild strawberry
I Gn apha liu m obtusifolium oldfield balsam
Hypericum kalmianum ka Irn 's St. John's wort
I (a)Melilot u s alba
Monarda fistulos~
white sweet clover
wild bergamot
I Salix exigua
Panicum imlicatum
sandbar willow
panic grass
(a) = alien species
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I E_ UPLAND AAEA (continued)
I (~)Saponaria officinal is
Sabatia angularis
sOlSpwort
rose gentian
Solidago altissima tall goldenrod
I Rhus typhina staghorn " umac
{a)Verbascum thapsus mullein
I Vitis riparia
COMMENTS: I
wild grape
would not call this a prairie. It appears to be a
I Endangered species).
Fa. CATTAIL MARSH (SW CORNER OF MARSH, SOUTH OF "J EAN BLVD.)
I UPLAND FAINGE
Salix exigua sandbar wille",
I Populus deltoides cetton",ood
Cornus stolonifera red osier dogwood
I 5ambuccus canadensis
Ahus typhina
elderberry
staghorn sumac
I Calamagrostis canadensis
Haberaria hyperborea
blue-joint re edgrass
northern green orchid
I MARSH
DOM. Typha angustifolia nar row-leaved cettail
COMMENTS: This cattail marsh changes into more ope n marsh,
I dominated by Nuphar o r Peltandra. An a rea of the
cattail marsh is becoming dominated by Lythrum Salicaria,
I purple loosestrife.
I Fb. MARSH
I Alnus rugose
Asclepias incarnata
speckled alder
swamp milk"'eed
I Carex comosa
Calamagrostis canadensis
bearded sedge
blue-joint reedgrass
Cephalanthus occidental is buttonbush
I Chelone glabra turtlehead
(a) alien species
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I Fb. MARSH (contin u ed)
I Impatiens capensis
Juncu5 eFFusus
orange jewelweed
common rush
I Juncus brechycephalu5
Juncus torreyi
short headed ru sh
torrey's r us h
LyCOpU5 americanus american bugleweed
I Lobelia c a rdinalis cardinal flower
(e)Lythrum se liceri e purple loosestrife
I Mimulus ringens
Nuphar sdvena
monkey flower
yellow cow-lily
I Peltandra virginica
Phr agm ite s australis
arrow arum
common reed
I Pontederia cordata
Rumex orb iculatus
picke r e l weed
great water dock
Scirpus linea tus red bulrush
I Scirpus validus great bulru s h
Scutellarie epilobiifolia marsh skul lcap
I Spiranthes cernUB
Typha aneu~tifolia
ladies tress orchid
narrow -leaf cattail
I Utricularia vulgaris
Verbena sp.
great bl adde rwort
verveln
I El odee canadensis
Myriophyllum exalbescens
b road water - wee d
spiked water milfoil
Nympheea t u berose white water-lily
I Ut ricularia vulgaris , grect bladderwort
Vellisneria americana wild - celery
I COMMENTS: The cattail marsh is not very diverse. The other part of
the marsh is diverse end supports e good native flora.
I However, purple loosestriFe (Lythrum salicarial is present
end will spread unless steps are taken to control it.
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'.I COMMENTS (MARSH - CATTAI L b OLD RIVER CHANNEL) continued:
91
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is along this spring run that purple loosestrife is the worst.
Much sediment has been deposited in the cattail marsh.& the
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westernmost channel and is entering the more open marsh.
So u rce of this sediment is unknown and es i t accumulates,
cattails will become more dominant.
•I moscheutos) was scattered along the fr inges of the marsh located n orth
of M-63, in one loop of the i nt erchange and a few plants were located
in the marsh south of Klock Ad. Trailin g ~ild bean (Strophostyles helvols)
was located in a dune situation and the ed ge of the north parking l ot.
A few plants were located i n the sand disposal area and about a dozen
I WETLANDS
There are numerous acres of wetland l ocated in this park . The largest
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a nd best quolity areas are located adjacent to the old river channel.
Various amounts of Fill end channe liz ation have eFFected th ese aress t •·
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I WETLANDS (continued)
In between the various loops end ramps of the interchange are also a
I GENERAL COMMENTS
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