By

V.RAMESH
(10E31D5812)
WHAT IS HDMI ?
• HDMI is the first & only industry supported, uncompressed, all-
digital audio/video interface.
• HDMI provides an interface between any A/V source, such as a set-
top box, DVD player, or A/V receiver and an audio and/or video
monitor, such as a digital television (DTV), over a single cable.
• HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus
multi-channel digital audio on a single cable.
• Transmits all HDTV standards and supports 8-channel, 192kHz,
uncompressed digital audio, all currently-available compressed
formats & lossless digital audio formats with bandwidth to spare to
accommodate future enhancements and requirements
• HDMI acts like Cat5, it passes a data signal not an RF signal like
CATV.
THE HDMI CABLE
THE CABLE
 TMDS - Transition Minimized Differential Signaling
 refers to the high speed signal data, audio and video are multiplexed, eliminating
the need for audio channels

 DDC - Display Data Channel

 is a digital connection between a display and a graphics adapter that allows the
display to communicate its specifications to the adapter
 serial data intelligence
 supply channel, provides power to DDC whether on/off
 simply put plug and play

 CEC- Consumer Electronics Control

 industry standard protocol, is used for remote control functions, universal remote
HDMI Signal Configuration
HDMI V1.3 WHAT DOES IT DELIVER?
 Bandwidth more than doubled from 165 MHz (4.95
Gbps) to 340 MHz (10.2 Gbps) to support Higher
Resolution, Faster Refresh, and Deep Color.

 HDMI is a conduit or pipe that moves data.

 With more bandwidth we have more room for more

goodies today and in the future.

 Backward compatible with legacy versions.

INCREASED BANDWIDTH
HDMI 1.0/1.2 VERSUS 1.3
COLOR
IN THE FUTURE

 Current world: limited to 24 bits/

pixel color - 16 million colors
 Deep Color allows 24, 30, 36 and
48 bits/pixel color depth
Billions of colors
 Eliminates artifacts that appear as
bands or contours
 Increases contrast ratios for
sharper images & greater detail
 More accurately represents
original material
DEEP COLOR
 Deep Color increases the number of bits available for
transmission for each channel.

 So,for example, a TV that accepts the 24 or 12-bit

form can mix together any one of 4,096 shades (levels
of brightness) of each primary color for 68.7 billion
possible colors.

4,096 red x 4,096 green x 4,096 blue = 68,719,476,736

colors!!
PROBLEMS OF HDMI
 CABLE EQUALIZATION
 TERMINATION

 BIT TRANSITION ANALYSIS

HDMI PROBLEMS - CABLE EQUALIZATION
 Cables are just a big filter.

 Receivers can compensate for that filter by applying an equal but opposite
filter.

 Different lengths change slope of attenuation – receiver can target particular

cable lengths.

 HDMI 1.3 measures Cat2 cable

output after applying an ideal
“Reference Cable Equalizer”

 HDMI 1.3 measures receiver

performance against this
same spec.
HDMI Problems - Termination
 HDMI Problems - Bit Transition Analysis
 Masks help highlight digital data
waves.

 Good symmetry going around the

mask and keeping clear spacing
between the signal and mask are
necessary for a signal integrity.

 Touching the mask or “kissing the

dirt” is where bit errors will occur and
cause sporadic “sparkles” on the
screen.

 HDMI cables with good masking have

a greater mask margin.
OTHER HDMI PROBLEMS AREAS
 Manufacturing,non-approved HDMI cables can
produce poor results

 Poorinstallation, long cable runs, improper

active devices, lack of knowledge

 Conglomerations of circuit boards, twisted

cables, interconnects, connectors, and electronic
components can create a maze of signal loss
HDMI OVER EXISTING ANALOG
INTERFACES
 Because HDMI is a digital interface, it provides the best
quality of the video since there are no lossy analog to digital
conversions as are required for all analog connections (such as
component or S-Video).

 Digital video will be sharper than component, and eliminates

the softness and ghosting found with component. Small, high
contrast details such as text bring this difference out the most.

 Single cable for both video and audio is the most effective
format !

 HDMI devices supporting HDCP have the comfort of knowing

they will have access to premium HD content now and in the
future.
(HIGH-BANDWIDTH DIGITAL CONTENT
PROTECTION)
WHAT IS HDCP?
 High-bandwidthDigital Content Protection encrypts
data over HDMI.

 HDCP helps bring high-definition digital content to

consumers by providing copy protection over HDMI
GOOD AND BAD
 HDCP along with HDMI protects content.

 Handshaking can be a problem with setting up an AV install.

 Installer or consumer needs to ensure that their devices are

HDCP enabled.

 DVD players, DVI HDTV present problems.

 Screen and source will want to get the highest resolution, will
downgrade if screen cannot accommodate, older TVs
primarily.
HDMI OPPORTUNITIES
 HDMI is growing with the advancement of high
definition programming and DVDs.

 VideoGames and PC are also integrating HDMI for

optimization of their products.

 Commercially companies are choosing HDMI, sports

and entertainment, video displays, airports, restaurants
the list goes on.
COMMERCIAL

 Increased revenue streams.

 Refurbishment projects of commercial buildings i.e..

offices, airport terminals, restaurants.

 Lessset top boxes due to extenders and HDMI active

devices.

 Perfect
for new builds using cat5e cable to extend
your HDMI signal.
FOR THE HOME
 Currently end users are eating up bandwidth for multiple reasons.

 Customers want maximum bandwidth for HDTV, internet and gaming.

 Fiber to the home will put increased demand for high end HD content.

 Help the customer before he/she has to go out and find their own solution,
they will call you first.

 Your first on site why give the business to someone else.

 The end user gets what they paid for.

 ADVANTAGES
 HDMI.org says the advantages of HDMI are quality, ease-
of-use, intelligence, and HD content-ready, though I
believe that HD content-ready is not necessarily an
advantage for the consumer.
 HDMI’s good side is that it unlocks the cool stuff
associated with digital television, like uncompressed
signals, better resolution, crisper images, communicating
with other devices, and improved sync between video and
audio.
 Another advantage is that HDMI is a single audio and
video cable so it is easier to connect and creates less cable
clutter.
 DISADVANTAGES
 The bad side of HDMI is that it is HD-content ready,
which means it supports HDCP - High-Bandwidth
Digital Content Protection. This is not good for the
consumer because the presence of HDCP means that you
will not get a signal when trying to watch a HDCP-
encrypted program on a non-HDCP television.
 An example would be connecting your HDCP-compliant
cable box to a non-HDCP HDTV with a HDMI cable..
 The other thing to consider is that HDMI accessories,
like a switcher or A/B switch, are more expensive than
non-HDMI counterparts.
 CONCLUSION

 The conclusion is that HDMI 1.1 probably is all

that is needed for most current HDTV applications and
installations. Some of the later features are either
redundant or support functions that are not yet
provided in most signal sources. In any case,
recommend this as a quick and thorough exposition on
HDMI technology.
THANK YOU