JjL-u_

&

Estimated Figures for SWPA

(FIRST EDITION)

GENERAL STAFF INTELLIGENCE

WAt

$W% ADVANCED HEADQUARTERS

ALLIED LAND FORCES, SV/PA
JANUARY 1944
 L^tvuotore Heading th:a Document
Sign Below (File No.
Name J-Ai-i-—-—-li---- Date i
 copy NO.

1 PlWl?%l I

Estimated Figures for SWPA.

(FIH5T

GENBfiAL STAiT INTELLIGENCE

ADVANCED HEADQUARTERS

ALLIED LAND FORCES, Sift/PA

w£*ypK*
in
v^.
1944
 ALLIED LAND FORCES

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC AREA

Advanced Headquarters

GS/207/int

8 Jan 44,

Subject:- JAPANESE LOGISTICS

ESTIMATED FIGURES FOR SWPA

This pamphlet is intended to provide a handy reference

to current estimates of logistical data for Japanese forces

in S W A .

Estimates of supply have generally been made on the

basis of actual figures of consumption in recent operations

in this area. In this method the possibility of under­

estimating normal requirements is realised. However, the

figures are likeljr to remain true for similar operational

conditions, when Japanese supply shipments will still be

reduced to absolute necessities.

Gaps in our present knowledge of Japanese administrative

requirements, will be filled as further information

becomes available. To this end, information that map-

enable confirmation or current amendment of the estimates,

is requested from all sources. Suggestions on development

of the publication will be welcomed.

Brigadier,

Director of Military Intelligence.

 INDEX

PAGE
INTR0DUCrj?I01T

1. Estimated weight for a force operating in

a forward area, 2

2» Estimated weight for troops outside active

operational areas. 3

3. Estimated requirements in rations and POL

to maintain a barge system of 100 barges

and 600 operating and maintenance personnel 3

Army Air Force maintenance

4-5 Estimated weight for operationally employed

airstrip in SWPA 5

II SCALES

6* Ration scales 5

7» Forage scales 6

8, Ammunition scales ­
(a) Small arms ammunition* 7

(b) Artillery ammunition; 7

(c) Probable scale of ammunition'

for a Japanese infantry

battalion, FEW GUINEA, area. 8

9. Methods of packing ammunition. 9

10. POL ** Estimated consumption of vehicles

and small craft. 11

III TRANSPORTATION

SEA ­

11» Shipping tonnage required to transport

a man into and within SWPA 12
12. Shipping tonnage required to maintain
troops. 12
13. Probable shipping requirements by types
to maintain troops in forward areas. 13
14. Shipping required to maintain six
airstrips at normal effort carrying 180
1 5
aircraft.
J
15. apanese small transport craft 14
16« Japanese warship classes used for
transportation 15
 (ii)

PAGE

LAND - ""

17. Estimated requirements in land transport

to maintain troops in rations and

ammunition in forward areas%

16

18• Average distances and- carries 16

AIR ­

19* Estimated air transport requirements to

maintain t roops in a forward area 17

Definitions shipping measurements 18

Notes on unloading shipping 19

Approximate equivalent shipping tonnage

for deadweight tonnage 20

Graph of normal relationship between DW

capacity and gross shipping tonnage in cargo

ships 21

Graph of a typical relationrhip between DW

capacity .and gross shipping tonnage in cargo

ships 22

Japanese .^eights and measures 23

and metric weights and measures 23

 - 1 ­

.DTTRODUCTION

4,4 J. Figures given in the following tables have been

estimated m an appreciation.of Japanese maintenance requirements

under present operational conditions in SWPA.

(a) Assumptions Were made to fill gaps in

information ~ those may require modification

in light of further information.

(b) The following strengths hai*e been used as

a working basis in quoting Japanese formations -

Div ~ 16,000

Inf Regt - 3,000

(o) It has not been possible to assess tonnage .of

imported heavy stores, such as bridging

(except- field"bridging)', "works stores, 'road

and aerodrome constructional equipment.

This, a variable quantity, is not inclvideol

except in the table of shipping tonnage

required to transport a man into SWPA.

Figures quoted for troops in a forward area

are noticeably higher than those'for troops

outsi.de active, operational areas* This is

estimated on the basis of maintenance

requirements alone, and may not be a fact if

transportation stores and reserves of'supplies

and equipment on the L of C are added,

(d) As a barge system normally fills the role of,

or augments 3rd (and sometimes 2nd) line

transportation, maintenance requirements

of a barge system have been considered and

added to daily maintenance figures for troops

in forward areas.

No similar•addition has been made for

troops outside forward areas, though allowance

has been made for port running, of barges.

The following figures were used in

calculation:­
100 mixed large and small MLC,

600 crew and maintenance personnel

55 miles as an average stage for one day

or night

(e) Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was assumed to be

carried in 50 gal drums, at 300 gals per -DW ton.

(f) In the absence of information on maintenance

•-requirements of a Japanese Array air formation

or airstrip, the method of estimation was to

compare probable requirements of Allied and

Japanese aircraft for a similar scale of effort

and then adjust to what was estimated a normal

Japanese scale of effort in SWPA*

 - 2­

(g) Gross shipping tonnage to carry DW tonnage of

stores was taken to be ­

Motor vessels 7.5 DW tons require 10

gross tons shipping

Steam vessels 6 DW tons require 10 gross

tons shipping

This is likely to be true for ships over

1,000 displacement tons, of efficient cargo

carrying design.

Vessels under 1,000 tons displacement will

have a more variable cargo capacity, and

3 DW: 4 displacement tons has been taken as a

basis for calculation.

JAPANESE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

1. Estimated weight of'maintenance stores for a force operating

in a forward area, SWPA:­

lbs per tons per tons per tons per

TYPE man per 1,000 men div per div per
day per day day month

Rations 2#8 1.3 20 600

Forage -_ - #5 15
Ammunition 1.0 .45 7 210
*
POL .5 .23 3.4 102
Ordnance Stores 1 .45 7.2 216
Field Engineer
Stores 2.4 1.10 17.1 513
Medical Stores .07 ,03 .48 15
Expense Stores .3 .13 2. 60
8 3.7 57.6 1731
Maintenance
of a barge5 1*1 .49 7.8 234
service
Plus 10# for
wastage, small
reserves, rations
for local labour
etc • * .9 . 6#4 192
Totals 10 lbs 4.6 tons 71.8 tons 2157 tons
 - 3 ­

2. Estimated weight of maintenance requirements for

troops outside active operational areas, SWPA;­

TYPE
3ftba per man
tons per 1,000

per day
men per day

Nations
3.31
1.5

Forage
-
.1

Ammunition (mainly AA)

.1
.04

POL
1.1
.5

Ordnance stores
.25
.1

Field Engineer Stores

2.4
1.1

Medical stores
.07
.03

Expense stores
.3
.13

V - - - - - .... .. ..

Totals
7.6 lbs
3 *5 tons

Noftd - An allowance for normal building up of reserves on the

of G, shipping fuel, or transportation stores is not "

3. Estimated requirements of rations and POL to maintain a

barge system of 100 barges and 600-operating and maintenance

personnel.

TYPE lbs per gallons per tons for tons for

man per craft per day system system for

day per day we ek

Rations 3.3 .88 6»16

POL 22.5 11.25 BO.5

Totals 3.3 22.5 12 87

ARMY AIR FORCE MAINTENANCE

4. Estimated weight for operationally employed air strip

(20 aircraft) in SWPA:­

Maximum sustained

TYPE
effort
Normal effort

tons per tons per

tons per tons per

A/cTper strip per

A/C per strip per

week month
week month

Fighter
2.5 215
1.05 90

Msdium ^omber
8.4 720
3.06 262

; Mixed (10F,.10B)
5.5 468
2.05 176

 -4­
ARICL AIR FORCE MAINTENANCE

5. Estimated maintenance requirements of a Japanese air

formation or airstrip in SWPA:­

(a) Fighter Unit ­

Maximum sustained

effort
Normal effort

One air­ unit of 36

One aircraft Unit of 316

craft per
aircraft ­ tons per
aircraft

week
tons per week
week
tons per

week

Aviation

petrol
1.71
61.6
.57
20.5

Aviation oil
.1
3.6
.03

Ammunition ,

pyrotechnics
.085
3.1
.029
1.04

Oxygen
.047
1.7
.018
.57

Maintenance

stores
.176
6.3
.06
2.1

MT petrol
.04
1.5
.04
1.5

Rations
.3
10.9
.-3
10.9

Total require­
ments'
2.4 tons
89 tons
1.05 tons
38 tons

(b) Medium Bomber Unit ­

Maximum sustained

effort
Normal
effort

u
One air­ nit of 36
One aircraft
Unit of 36

craft tons
aircraft
tons per
aircraft

per week
tons per week
week
tons per

week

Aviation

petrol
4.7
169.2
1.56
56.4

Aviation oil
.25
9
.07
3

Ammunition,

pyrotechnics
.16
5.76
.04
1*92

Oxygen
•06
2.16
.02
•72

Bombs
2.55
91.8
• 84
30.6

Maintenance

Stores
.27
9.72
.09
3.24

MT: Petr&l
.04
1.5
.04
1.5

Rations
.4
13
.4
13

Total requir
e­
ments
8.43 tons
302 tons
3.06 tons
110 tons

 11. SCALES

6 4 RATIONS

Type Item Basic Field

Emergency

Ration Ration
Ration

IStaplo Coroal Rice 23.3 20.46 30;7(A)

Broad Barley 24.4(B)
Bread 8,1
Meat Fresh
meat 7.4
Dried
meat (£.1) 2.1
Tinned
meat (5.3) (5.3) (5,3)
Vegetable. Fresh 21,16
Dried
.'4*23
Pickles Pickled

radish 2,1
Con dim en ts Salt •18 • 18 .18
•7 •7 .35
Sugar
Supplementary Flavouring 1.1 2.46 1.1
and Miso

Hutritous (2.6) 1.09

Others

Extras Tea .11 •7

Sweets (4.23)
Sake .4 qt
Cigar­ 20
20
ettes

^ ^i^

Totals 40/46 oz 28/38 oz

60/60 oz

a) All weights in ozs

b) Items in parenthesis are alternatives in the same
type of commodity
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 Probable scalos of aramunition.
(a) Small arms ammunition

Rounds on1 man

First line
Total per woapo]

Weapon or with weapon

reserve

Pistol 32
20
52

Rifle 120
60
180

IMG 1,440
1*440
2,880

MMG 2,400
3,600
6,000

Grenades

Discharger 20
50
70

Grenades,

Band 2
1
3

(b) Artillery ammunition

Type of Rounds Battery Battalion

Regt Total

G-un with gun (Coy) reserve

reserve

reserve

60 120
50 230

Gun

70mm Bn

Gun 45 ©0
©0
- 185

75mm

Mountain

Gun model

"94" 40 80
60
80 260

75mm

Field

Gun 40
100
100
50 290

105mm

Howitzer

Model

"91"
20 60
66
40 180

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 - 9 ­

9. Methods of packing ammunition.

Type of
Weight of

Ammunition
Calibre
Method of Packing
filled

mm
, boxes(lbs)

Rifle and

LMG
6.5
Clips of 5 rds each, packed in a

prismatic shaped cardboard con­

tainer holding three clips. 56

containers (840 rds) in metal

57*

lined boz o

Also packed in boxes containing

1,440 rds 9
82£

MMG
7,7
(.303 in) clips of 30 rds each,

each clip in a cardboard contain­

er, and 20 containers (600 rds)

in a wooden box.
52*

AA
20
10 rds per cardboard carton and

(Oerikon
10 cartons (100 rds) in a metal

Type)
lined box.
54

Rapid Fire
37
10 rds and 10 fuses in racks

Gun Ty$e
in an unlined wooden box*
30

"94"

12 rds mixed HE, fused, and AP

in a hinged sheet iron pannier

with carrying handles and web

shoulder straps
45

Battalion
70
3 rds and 3 fuses wrapped in a

Gun
waxed paper container, in racks,

in an unlined wooden box

39

Field Arty
75
2 rds and 2 fuses in racks in

an unlined wooden box

48

Mounta in
75
4 rds and 4 fuses similarly

Gun Type
packed to 75mm field gun
85*

"94"

AA
75
Two types of container. 4 rds

and 4 fuses in unlined wooden

• *

box

2 rds and 2 fuses in tar paper

•a

lined box

 -10­

Methods of packing ammunition (contd)

Typo of
Weight of

Ammunition
Calibre
Method of Packing
fillod

mm
boxes (lbs'

Mortar
81

Mortar
90
2 unfused 'bombs with

cartridge, 6 charges in fires

and 2 fuses contained in racks

in an xmlined wooden box #

Grenadep

hand,
55

Type "97"
30 grenades and fuses in wooden

box
60?

Grenade,

Discharger
20 grenades and fuses - grenade

Type "89"
with a plaster plug centre

ready for use, packed in heavy

oil paper within a sealed metal

can, and each fuse attached in

a wax paper wrapping. Cans set

in racks in an unlined wooden

box
60%

Bangalore
Six sections of the torpedo,

Torpedo
and one fuse, set in racks in

"improved
an unlined woodem box

Type"

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 -12*

111 TRANSPORTATION

SEA.

11. Shipping tonnage required to transport a man into

and within SWPA ­

of vessel Short

Transport and cargo 7 to 8 7 to 8

Sea trucks 7 to 8 7 to 8

Cruisers 6 to 7

Destroyers 5 to 6

Submarines 140

Shipping tonnage required to maintain troops in SWPA-

Active

Operational Other Areas

Areas

1,000 men per day 6,4 4,9

Div per week 717 549

13« Probable shipping requirements by types to maintain

troops in forward areas, SWPA ­

Number of vessels
Type
1,000 men Inf Regt Dlv per
Per week Month

Cargo ships

(10,000 ton) .31

(8,000 ton) .38

(4,000 ton) • 7 7

Ply per,

week

Sea Trucks

(1,000 ton) .006 .13 • 5

A
(250,ton) .02 2

Destroyers •1 2 10

Submarines .1 2 10

Large MLC .46 9.6 52

Small MLC 1.33 28 145

14, Shipping required to maintain 6 airstrips in SWPA operating

at normal effort and carrying 180 aircraft (90 F.,90'med B) ­

including satellite strips carrying 3 or 4 aircraft ­

Type _ Per 'Week Per Month

Cargo ships

10,000 ton •05 .2

8,000 ton .07 .3

4,000 ton • 14 .6

 J A P A H B S i 3 it A f P " 11fiAff'SP 0 H T C R A F T

DIMENSION A L T E R N A T I V E L 0 AD S SPEED

IPSS USES REMARKS

8 a 8 1
e o
raS
CO
i i
Hew Sype Barge very 40mm Heavily armoured
100/ 15 guxi H
HKGs
large 120 on "boi

2x98 8/10 9.5 10.5 20mm Special large landing Often used t o oarry
TOKDBETSU DIIHATSU 22
tanks, hear? guns
or 2 LHLG barge
Special large MIC fwd 2 and other *big eqpt
1x79
I2CG8 «,ft

2+ 2+ 1 It After section coat*

DAIHATSU army 9/pe Transport of troops partmentatlon c a -
n n
2.0/15 40 28 tk I 36 36 5/7 9.5 6.2 10 13
A large MLC Zft 11.5 70/90 10 and supplies pable conveying
40 men men 10 100/120 on fitiort
men
runs. ¥111 a l s o
2 It carry 1 armd car
armd an! 15­
ears

do i do do do do 7/9 9.5 ! 10 do do
2MIH&XSU Bavy 3/4 80 It/V do do do ilo
large MLC i:
ji—
15 10 8 7.7 MIG Principally for Ian6> Loading figures
SHOHATSTT T y p e s * B " 3O/io5 30/40 3*5 Ing tpe In face of for short runs only
a 8.7
&V n a l l MLC the enemy, or laxding for sea journey 1
It stores week 10 equipped
ad supplies

r/e 14 In place of small MIX! Slow speed

Korean fishing boats Uo/80
used as small MLC days
Barge Type m0" 25 2MG t*d Becomaissance, t i r e
49 13 iMGaft support for landing
operations
nil work in bar-
Barge type 38.5 11 60 Dears
10 1 or I MG To penetrate shallow^ Flat DOttom, #
63.2 8.* 60 waters airsrcrew pro­
Barge pulsion.

nil Used a s MLC a t GT2&DAL- Two section col­

B/lC
Barge "P IT
21 20 canal lapsible wooden
boat
Si&ted at HAHSA
Bargo 52 3a 50 BAY

9.9 10 15

Lighters 50*8 7 , 9 40 •3/4

 16* JAPANESE WARSHIP CLASSES USED FOR TRANSPORTAglOrT IN SWPA

DIMENSIONS AT MAXIMUM AT ECONOMICAL

CLASS DISPLACBfiEHT TOSS SPEED B8&FT MiatPLE OF L06.DS FROM CAPTURED DOCDMHITS ETC
LENGTH BEAM KNOTS RANGE KNOTS RANGE FT TROOPS CARG

LIGHT CHJISERS

IURAJRI 2890 445 40 33 153% 10 770D 12 360 Plus 42 tons load shown i n a captured
schedule.

] )ESTR CVERS

IUBUKI 1700 36 7 34 34 1100 15 4700 *0 280

1600 35 6 33 34 1170 15 5350 t 27C 3 Tehs,,2 \ta g ins, 20 10 cm hows

29 boxes san, 20 c o l l a p s i b l e
boats, 2 MLC 1 ) outboard motors
8 destroys: w cd t h i s class

1CDTSUKI ivnft 1368 336 30 34 1C20 15 4350 t/10 250 Averaged 250 m<in, 41 tons guns In BISMARK SEA convoy
e t c . , 25 tons ]'ations destroyers carried 150
SHIGURE
men

HATSUHAEU 1368 33 7 32 34 1020 15 5100 t/10 250

1270 336 30 34 960 4350 t/lo 240

HCIIO a n l KDRI 755 275 25 31 800 15 3000

SUBMARINES

SPEED ON SPEED El RSOKNEL

CLASS SURFACE SUBMERGED CARRIED CARGO CARRIED TONS REMARKS

New Eype 350 tJhaonfirmed

I Class TJ.50/2200 14/20 9 Up t o 40 l a t e s t I Class carry an aircraft in a deck hangar and have fittings
to secure midget submar ines

BO Class 650/1000 13/17 10

 - 16 ­

LAUD

17* Estimated requirements in land transport to maintain

troops in rations and ammunition in forward areas, SWPA ­

1
dumber of Loads

Typo

1,000 men Inf Regt

Div per

per week
week

\'IT ­
Trucks, 3 0 cwt
1.1 23»1
123

Trucks, 1 ton
1.75 36.75
196

WC - 3 wheel
11.7 245,7
1310

Pack horse
30 630
3360

Porters ~

Coolios
78 1646
8780

Japanese
87 1829
9755

Native
112 2352
12544

18. Average distances and carries in SWPA ­

Iioad Days c a r r y
in Mies
Trucks
30 cwt ) Very largely
dependent upon
Trucks
1 ton ) state of rozid.i
40/80
MC - 3 wheel
3 cwt )
Handcart
8/10
Pack animals
Max 165 l b s
Average 130 " 10/12,

Porters

Coolies
Max 80 l b s )
Average 50 "
Max 65 l b s 8/10
Average 45 "
Max 40 l b s
Averago 35 "
 - 17 ­

AIR

19» Estimated air transport requirements to maintain troops

in a forward area, SWPA ­

Number of Aircraft
Type and 1,000 Inf Div
Code Name men Rcgt per Remarks
per per week
day wo ok

Typo 99 LB "Spmia" 6 126 672 Figures bracked a r e

(13) £869) (1434) based on the ©stftctdx
requirements of a
Type 99 2EB"Lily" 5 " 103 549 force in a forward-
(10,4) (218) (1165) area, 'i # o 3,7 toEDS
per 1,000 men per
day.
Type 96 2EEL "Noll" 4 82 437
(8.3)' .1175) (930) Figures unbracketed
are based on require
Type 97 2EB ments of rations and
"Sally 1 ' 2 42, 224 ammunition only,i.e.;
(4) (87) (.464) 1»75 tons per 1,000
men per day
Type 100 2EB 3#3 69 367
"Helen" (7) (145) (773) These figured do not
include an allowance
Type 2 Transport 2.2 47 247 for parachutes ­ if
(or 2EB) "Betty") (5) (99) (526) that method of
dropping i s used,
Type DC2 Trans­ .7 14 73 20% must be added
p o r t "Toss" (1.4) (29) (155) for weight"of
parachutes.
Type
Lockheed Trans­ 1 19 101
p o r t "Thelma" (2) (40) (211)
Type MC-20
Transport "Topsy" 2 42 224
(4.3) (91) (482)
 - 18 ­

SHIPPING MEASUREMENTS

There are four types of tonnage to be considered in

shipping calculations - gross tonnage, nett tonnage,

deadweight, and measurements tonnage*

The first three relate to the ship itself, and the

fourth, measurement tons, to the cargo.

There is no absolute relationship between the three

ship tonnages, but there is an approximate relationship

for cargo ships.

(a) The gross tonnage of a ship is the entire

internal cubic capacity of the ship expressed

in "tons" of 100 cubic ft.

(b) Nett tonnage of a ship represents its

freight earning space. This space is that

which remains after certain deductions have

been made from the gross tonnage for engine

room space, shaft space, navigation space

and crew quarters,

Nett tonnage is also measured in "tons" of

100 cubic ft.

(c) Deadweight (DW) tonnage is defined as the

carrying capacity of a ship expressed in

tons of 2,840 lbs or "long tons".

It represents the difference between the

ship's displacement light and its displacement

loaded.

Displacement loaded is the weight of the ship

including cargo, passengers, fuel, water,

stores, dunnage and other such items necessary

for use on a voyage.

Displacement light is the weight of the ship

less all the abovementioned items.

(d) The shipping or measurement ton is 40 cubic ft

capacity.

 - 17 ­

AIR

19» Estimated air transport requirements to maintain troops

in a forward area, SWPA ­

Number of Aircraft
Typo and 1,000 Inf Div
Code Name men Rcgt per Remarks
per per week
day week

Typo 99 LB "Son!a" 6 126 672 Figures bracked are

(13) £869) (1434) based on the estftctdx
requirements of a
Type 99 2EB"Lilyi? 5 103 549 force iri a forward
(10,4) (218) (1165) area, i # o 3.7 tows
per l f 000 men per
day,
Typo 96 2EBL "Nell" 82 437
(3,3)• .1175) (930) Figures unbracketed
are based on requiro
Type 97 2EB ments of rations and
"Sally' 5 2 4a 224 ammunition only, i.e..
(4) (87) (464) 1»75 tons per 1,000
men per day
Type 100 2EB 3«3 69 367
"Helen" (V) :ti45) (773) These figured do not
include an allowance
Type 2 Transport 2.2 47 247 for parachutes ­ if
(or 2EB) "Betty") (5) (99) (526) that method of
dropping i s used,
Typo DC2 Trans­ •7 14 73 20/o must bo added
p o r t "Tass" (1.4) (29) (155) for weight * of
parachutes,
Type
Lockheed Trans­ 1 19 101
port "Thelma" (2) (40) (211)
Type MC20
Transport "Topsy" 2 42 224
(4.3) (91) (482)
 - 18 ­

SHIPPING MEASUREMENTS

There are four types of tonnage to be considered in

shipping calculations - gross tonnage, nett tonnage,

deadweight, and measurements tonnage.

The first three relate to the ship itself, and the

fourth, measurement tons, to the cargo.

There is no absolute relationship between the three

ship tonnages, but there is an approximate relationship

for cargo ships.

(a) The gross tonnage of a ship is the entire

internal cubic capacity of the ship expressed

in "tons" of 100 cubic ft.

(b) Nett tonnage of a ship represents its

freight earning space. This space is that

which remains after certain deductions have

been made from the gross tonnage for engine

room space, shaft space, navigation space

and crew quarters.

Nett tonnage is also measured in "tons" of

100 cubic ft.

(c) Deadweight (DW) tonnage is defined as the

carrying capacity of a ship expressed in

tons of 2,240 lbs or "long tons".

It represents the difference between the

ship's displacement light and its displacement

loaded.

Displacement loaded is the weight of the ship

including cargo, passengers, fuel, water,

stores, dunnage and other such items necessary

for use on a voyage.

Displacement light is the weight of the ship

less all the abovementioned items.

(d) The shipping or measurement ton is 40 cubic ft

capacity.

 - 19 ­

UNLOADING

(a) In some harbours, and in roadsteads, it will not be

possible to bring ships alongside a wharf - in which case the

cargo has to be unloaded into MLC, lighters, or into the

water•

This is not such a disadvantage as it may seem, provided

that the weather is favourable, and sufficient small craft

are available, for it should not reduce rate of unloading,

and permits decentralised delivery of cargo by type.

However, night unloading without moonlight or

illumination may not be possible, and working hours are thereby

lost.

(b) Ships do not unload at a uniform pace. The rate

of unloading depends largely on the type of cargo. With a

very varied cargo, including occasional heavy lifts, it may

be necessary to make frequent alterations to the rigging of

the ship's derricks - this is a slow process•

Normally, when a ship is being unloaded for several days,

the first and last days produce smaller tonnage than the

middle days. The smaller holds are emptied before the larger

ones. Thus, towards the end of unloading, cargo may be

coming out of one or two hatches only.

(c) An average rate of 1000 DW tons per ship per day

(20 working hours) is a good all round figure for unloading

general cargo onto a wharf using ship's derricks only with

five or more hatches working.

Unloading of each and every ship is a distinct problem ­

time taken depending on a multitude of factors, which

include type of ship,cargo, labour, winches and port

facilities.

In an undeveloped port, unloading of a large cargo ship

may take weeks.

 -20­

Approximate equivalent shipping tonnage for deadweight

tonnage ­

Equivalent Shipping Tonnago

Typo of Stores
of 40 cu, ft per DW Tonnago

Tons Cu, ft

Ammunition (filled shells)

27

Ammunition (SAA)
1 ­
Building matorials
1 14

C omont
30

Clothing
3 «*

Engine stores
1 10

Forage - oats
2
••

- compressed hay
2 10

Medical storos
3
«•>

Misc. MT storos
4
a*

Ordnanco storos
2 18

Petrol, tinned or cased

1 15

Supplies - cased
2 «•

• bus cultsp "broad

2 20

» frozen moat
2 20

Timber scantlings
2 20

 GRAPH OF NORMAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DW CAPACITY AND GROSS SHIPPING TONNAGE IN

CARGO SHIPS

Gross tonnage

8,500
4,000 5,000 6,000 7.000 8,000 aOOO 10,000 11,000 12^00 G,000 14,000

$000

/A
2500 y

7000

6,000 >

D.W SJ500

5,000

y
>•

3^500
f
2,000

 GRAPH OF A TYPICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DW CAPACITY AND SHIPPING TONNAGE IN

CAKGO SHIPS

4.000 8,000 9(000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 W.000

1,500

500
 -23­

E WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Linear Moasurc
- 0.012 inch 0,303 aiato

10 r i n - 1 bu - 0.12 "
3,03 «

10 bu * 1 sun - i#2 "

3 # 03 contimotxjos
10 sun ­ 1 shaku ~ 0.994 foot 30.3 "

6 shaku ­ 1 kon - 1.99 yards 1.82 motro

6 shaku - I hiro - 0.994 fo u n

10 " - 1 jo - 3.31 yards 3.03 "

60 kon - 1 ri - 119.3 " 109.2 "

1 soa mile 1852 »

36 cho ~ 1 r i • 2,44 milos 3.93 kilomotros

Me^suro /land)
1 sq ken - 1 tsubo - 3.94 sq yards 3.31 sq motros

- 1 bu
Ml

:: n u

;I

30 bu — 1 so - 119 " 0.992 aros"

M
10 so - 1 tan 0.245 acres 9,92

10 tan - 1 cho 0.992 hoctaros

** 1 chobu

N.B, The tsubo is uaod for t own l o t s ; tho bu and

othor units for agricultural land, Hoto also that : , strango as

i t may scorn, tho cho of square measure is not equal to a

squaro each side of which is 1 cho, i . e . 60 ken, but to a

rectangle 60 ken by 50 ken.

Capacity
1 shaku - 0.0318 pint 0.018 l i t r o
ll M

10 shaku - 1 go - 0.318 0.18

10 go - 1 sho & 3.18 " 1.8

10 sho « 1 to ~ 3*97 gallons 18.0 "

4 to ~ 1 hyo - 1.99 bushels 72.0 "

Sl
10 to -. 1 koku - 4.96 " 180

NOTE. Attention Is directed to the use of th© word "shaku11 as a unit of

"both capacity and linear measure. Though in each case the spoken word
is thetttuoep-'thewritten word varies.
1
* capacity is writt&n, ­ V

"Shalcutt, linear is writteo

 •-241­

- 1 no ~ 0.058 Tr g r a i n s - 3.75 miligme

10 no - 1 rin - 0 # 58 Tr grains - 3.75 contignafl
10 r i n t; it
- 1 fun - 5.8 " m
37.5
!t
10 fun - 1 mommc - 58 3.75 grammo
it
160 momno - 1 kin - 1.32 1b # A v # 600
1000 " - 1 kvvan - 8.27 " 3#75 kilogrns
100 kin • 1 bikoru - 132 " "U picul) - 60 it

BRITISH & METRIC V/EIGHTS & MEASURES'"

Linear Moasure
1 inch •« 25.4 mm
12 inches - 1 foot tm
#3048 metro
3 foot - 1 yard .914383 •*»
5i yards - 1 rod - 5.0292 motres
tl
220 - 1 furlong - 201. 168 metres
320 r o d s « 1 milo - 1609 »3 metres
8 fur*longs - 1 mile m
n n

1760 yards - 1 milo m II u

1 millimetre .03937 in
1 continotro (10 m ) - .3937 in
1 decimetre (10 cm) 3.937 in
1 fe.otra.-J 100 cm) l#0936143 yds
1 docimotro (10 a) 10.936 yds
1 hectometre (100-m) 109*36 yds
1 kilometre (1000 m) .62137 milo

Square Mcasuro
1 Sq ft 144 sq' JLns

1 Sq yard 9 sq f t - 1296 sqi n s

1 Sq. r<3d 30.25 sq yds

1 acre , 4340 sq yds

1 sq milo 640 acrps - 3,097 ,600 sq yds

Aroa having 4 oqual sides of 308.71 ft «• 1 aero

 -25­

1 cu In
lft.387 cu ca

1 cu ft
~ 1728 cu in.
,028317 cu notro

1 cu yd
- 9 cu ft
.764553 " 2

1 cu cm
.061 cu in

1 cu doelm
- 61*024 cu ins

1 cu motro
- 35.3166 cu ft
- 1,307954 cu yds

Capacity

1 pint
- ,568 litro

2 pints
1 quart
- 1.136 litrea

4 quarts
- 1 gallon
- 4.5459631 :

1 decilitre
- ,176 pint

1 litre
- 1.7598 pint ft

1 decalitre
- 2.2 gallons

Ton of displacement of a ship - 35 cu ft

Weight
16 drams - 1 oz ~ 28 35 grajnmes

16 ozs - 1 lb - .45359 kilogrammes

1 stone •»< 6 *35 !!
14 l b s
- 12#7 n
28 l b s - 1 qr
it
4 qrs - 1 cwt (112 lbs) - 50.8

20 cwt - 1 ton (2240 lbs) - 1.016 tonnes

or

1016 kilogrammes

1 hectogramme
3*527 ozs

(100 gm)

1 kilogramme
2t2046 lbs

1 tonne .984 ton

(1000 kilograimaes)
 DISTRIBUTION

HO, First Aust Army

1 4
Commander Seventh Fleet 48-53

HQ, Second Aust Army

5- 6
GHQ SWPA

HQ,
Q
, 6 US Army APO 44
7-12
D of Int Allied Air Forces 54-56

HQ, 1 Aust Corps

13-15
G-2 GHQ SWPA 57-61

HQ 3 Aust Corps
16-18
G-3 GHQ SWPA 62-64

NG Force
19-28
G-2 USAFFE APO 501 65-66

HQ NT Force
29-31
G-2 USAFISPA APO 502 67-76

HQ 4 Aust Armd Bde

32
CIC,Soupac,Noumea 77-86

Staff School (Senior Wing) Duntroon 33

Allied Int Bureau GHQ, SWPA 87

Staff School (Junior Wing) Duntroon 34

DMI War Office London 88-90

Aust Trg School (JW) Canungra

35
AC
1
of S G-2 Hawaiian

LHQ School of MI
36-42
Department Honolulu 91-93

LHQ Tactical School Beenleigh

43
JICPOA, Honolulu, Hawaii 94-96

Amphibious Force LO
44-46
DMI GHQ India 97-99

DNI LHQ
47
HQ South East Asia Comd 100-102

DDMI NZ Military Forces 103-105

COIS,Eastern Fleet,Colombo 106-108

Aust Mil Mission Washingtonl09-112

War Diary 113-114

NOTE - A limited number of copies are held by

GSI Adv LHQ for distribution on request

When this distribution list has been

perused, please destroy by fire.