(Steam power Plant)

INTRODUCTION
India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy
Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.
Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.
Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW
 Thermal = 95151.74MW
Nuclear = 4,120MW
Hydro = 36877.76MW
RES = 13242.41MW
Annual power production – 680 billion KWH
Break up of Power
Thermal Power Plants – 75%
Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21%
Nuclear Power Plants - 4%
Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW
30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in transmission
and distribution
STRUCTURE OF POWER
SYSTEM
Power system owned by state electricity
boards.
Private sector utilities operate in Mumbai,
Kolkata, Ahmedabad
Regional electricity boards – Northern,
Southern, Eastern, Western, North-eastern.
Power Grid corporation- Central.
Thermal Power Plants
Installed Capacity – 93,392.64MW
1. Coal based – 77,458.88MW
2. Gas Based – 14,734.01MW
3. Oil Based – 1199.75MW
General Layout of Thermal Power Station
Main Components
Fuel Handling Unit
Ash Handling Unit
Boiler Unit
Feed Water Unit
Cooling Water Unit
Generator Unit
Turbine Unit
Main Circuit
Fuel And Ash Circuit
Air And Gas Circuit
Feed Water And Steam Circuit
Cooling Water Circuit
Fuel And Ash Circuit
Fuel stored and fed to the boiler through conveyor
belts. Broken down into proper shape for complete
burning.
Ash thus generated after burning is removed from the
boiler through ash handling equipment
Air And Gas Circuit
Air is required for combustion of fuel and is supplied
through fans
Air is passed through air preheater to extract energy
from flue gases for proper burning of the fuel
Flue gases have ash and several gases which are
passed through the precipitator(dust collector) and
go to atmosphere through chimney.
Feed Water And Steam Circuit
Steam Converted to water by condenser.
Water is demineralized & hence not wasted to have
better economic operation of the plant.
Some part of steam and water is lost while passing
through different parts.
Boiler feed pump feeds water into the boiler drum
where it is heated to form steam.
Wet steam is again heated in super heater before
passing through the turbine
Steam is expanded in the turbine to run it. After which
again it goes to boiler for reheating
Cooling Water Circuit
To condensate the steam, large quantity of cooling
water is required which is taken from river or
pondage
After passing through the condenser, it is fed back to
the river or Pondage
Boiler
Turbine
Turbine – Full View
Economizer
Selection Of site
Availability of cheap land.
Availability of water.
Availability of fuel.
Possibility of future expansion of the plant.
Away from the urban areas due to pollution.
The initial cost of plant.
Magnitude and nature of load to be handled.