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Aircraft Stability & Control
Aircraft Stability & Control
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
to " t at constant # e
new tail zero !C L
lift line
t
= rate of change of C L with respect
!# e t
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
!C Mcg
C Mcg = C M 0 + " a + #C Mcg
!"
!C Mcg !C L
= CM 0 + " a $ %H t
&e
!" !& e
MECH 594
What elevator deflection will give the aircraft a new equilibrium angle of attack ! n?
At a new trim C Mcg = 0 at ! a = ! n where " e = " trim so we can write
#C Mcg #C L #C Mcg #C L
C Mcg = C M 0 + ! a $ %H t
" e and 0 = C M 0 + ! n $ %H t
" trim
#! #" e #! #" e
#C Mcg
CM 0 + !n
So " trim = #!
#C L
%H t
#" e
This equation gives the elevator deflection necessary to trim the aircraft at a given
angle of attack ! n . % H is a known value from the aircraft design, and
C M 0 , #C Mcg / #! , and #C L / #" e are known values derived from wind-tunnel or
t
free-flight data.
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
N CG = C N (CG ) q! Sb
N CG
C N (CG ) =
q! Sb
where
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
Effect of High Angle of Attack
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
Directional Control
Five conditions of flight can be critical to
directional control exerted by rudder:
1. Spin Recovery
2. Adverse yaw
3. Slipstream rotation
· Rotates about fuselage as shown
· If strikes left side of stabilizer, will
cause nose-left yawing moment
· Yawing moment must be overcome
with rudder force to maintain
directional control
4. Crosswind takeoff and landing
5. Asymmetrical thrust
· Left engine assumed to have lost thrust,
resulting in nose-left yawing moment
· Opposite yawing moment must be
developed by rudder / vertical stabilizer
MECH 594
Lateral Stability and Control
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
Wing Dihedral:
Vn = Vz cos ! + Vy sin !
For ! small,
Vn = Vz + Vy!
Wing line
Vy% V&% Vx
! "# due to dihedral $ = = &%
V V
Vy γ
Dihedral increases α by βγ on right Vy
Vz V
wing and decreases it by same amount Vn z
on left, tending to bring wings level
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
MECH 594
Vertical tail:
Complete aircraft:
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
Lateral Control
• Both left and right surfaces act together when elevator action is
needed. Left and right surfaces act in opposition when roll
motion is required.
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
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Adverse Yaw
MECH 594
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
Roll Coupling
MECH 594
Notes
Questions?
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Aircraft Stability & Control 11/8/05
MECH 594
Notes
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