Language Key Segmental Phonemes of the World’s Major Languages1

1 2 3 4 5 p b t d k g q
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 Consonants:
16 17 18 19 20 γ
f v θ ð s or s z or z s or c z or z x
21 22 23 24 25

1 - Arabic
2 - Chinese (Man) ç h h ts or t s dz or dz ts or t c dz or dz l y
3 - English
4 - Finnish
5 - French
6 - German
w j m n n n r
r or
r R
or R
J
7 - Hausa
8 - Hindi-Urdu
9 - Hungarian
10 - Indonesian
11 - Italian r m+n p+k g+b
12 - Japanese
13 - Korean
14 - Persian
15 - Polish Ω
i y i m u I e
16 - Portuguese (Eu)
17 - Russian
18 - Spanish (Cas) Vowels:
19 - Swahili
20 - Tagalog o o
e ε oe c æ a a o
21 - Tamil
22 - Thai
23 - Turkish
24 - Vietnamese (S) 1 Phonemes marked for additional aspiration, velarization, nasalization, palatization, labialization,
25 - Yoruba
implosion, retroflexing or gemination are included with corresponding unmarked phonemes.