INDICATIONS

GENERIC DOSAGE AND CLASSIFICA CONTRAINDICATI NURSING

ACTION SIDE EFFECTS
NAME FREQUENCY TION ONS RESPONSIBILITIES

Rifampicin Inhibits DNA- Usual dose Anti- TB  Treatment Hypersensitivity. CNS: headache, Administer on an empty
dependent RNA 450 mg/day as Antibiotics of Pulmonary Jaundice. drowsiness, fatigue, stomach, 1 hr before or 2
polymerase a single dose TB in conjunction dizziness, inability to hr after meals.
activity in or 8-12 mg/kg with at least one concentrate, mental Administer in a single
susceptible body wt/day other effective confusion, generalized daily dose.
bacterial cells antituberculotic. numbness, muscle Consult pharmacist for
weakness, visual rifamoin suspension for
 Neisseria disturbances. patients unable to
meningitidis carrie swallow capsules.
Dermatologic: Rash, Prepare patient for the
rs, for
asymptomatic pruritus, urticaria, reddish-orange coloring
flushing, reddish of body fluids (urine,
carriers to eliminate
meningococci from discoloration of body sweat, sputum, tears,
fluids—tears, saliva, feces, saliva); soft
nasopharynx; not
for treatment of urine, sweat, sputum. contact lenses may be
permanently stained;
meningitis.
GI: heartburn, distress, advise patients not to
anorexia, vomiting gas, wear them during
 Unlabeled
cramps, diaarhea, therapy.
uses: Infections ca
used hepatitis, pancreatitis.
Warning: arrange for
by Staphylococcus
GU: hemoglobinuria, follow-up visits for liver
aureus and Staphyl
hematuria, renal and renal function tests,
ococcus epidermis,
insufficiency, acute CBC, and ophthalmologic
usually in
renal failure, menstrual examinations.
combination
therapy; gram- disturbances.
negative
bacteremia in Hematologic: eosinop
infancy; Legionella hilia,
pneumophilia, not thrombocytopenia,
responsive to transient leucopenia,
erythromycin; lepro hemolytic anemia,
 sy (in combination decreased Hgb,
with hemolysis.
dapsone); prophyla
xis of Other: pain in
meningitis caused extremities,
by Haemophilis osteomalacia,
influenzae. myopathy,
fever, flulike symptoms.

Isoniazid Antituberculic Adult ≥71  Tuberculosis of  Isoniazid is  Peripheral  History: allergy

all forms contraindicated in neuropathy to the drug.
kg 5 tab, 55-
 Prophylaxis in patients who  Nausea and  Can cause
70 kg 4 develop severe
tab, 38-54 specific patients who vomitting peripheral
hypersensitivity
kg 3 tab, 30- are tuberculin reactors  Thrombocytope neuropathy which
reactions,
37 kg 2 tab. (positive Mantoux test)) including drug nia is manifested by
To be taken or who are considered -induced hepatitis;  Local irritation at tingling sensation
once daily to be high risk for TB. previous isoniazid- IM site on extremities. It
for ≥4 mth associated hepatic  Epigastric can be prevented
maintenance injury; severe distress through use of
adverse reactions  Elevated AST supplemental
phase
to isoniazid such vitamin B6
treatment as drug fever,
following a (pyridoxine).
chills, arthritis; and
2-mth 3-drug  Physical: skin
acute liver disease
(rifampicin + of any etiology. color, lesions, T;
INH + orientation,
pyrazinamid reflexes, peripheral
e) or 4-drug sensirivity,
(rifampicin + bilaterally grip
INH + strength
pyrazinamid ophthalmologic
e+ examination; R,
ethambutol) adventitious
sounds; liver
intensive evaluation;
phase CBC;LFTs renal
therapy. fxn tests, blood
glucose.
 Give in an
empty stomach 1
hr before or 2 after
meals; may be
given with food if
GI UPSET
OCCURS.
 Give in a
single daily dose.
Reverse parenteral
dose for pt unable
to take oral meds.
 Dec. foods
containing
tyramine or
histamine in pt
diet.
 Consult doctor
and arrange for
daily pyridoxine in
diabetic, alcoholic
or malnourished pt
also for pt that
develops
peripheral neuritis,
and those with
HIV.
 Family health
teachings:
o Tak
e this drug
in single
daily dose.
o Tak
e drug on an
empty
stomach, 1
hour before
or 2 hours
after meals.
If GI distress
occurs, may
be taken
with food.
o Tak
e this drug
regularly,
avoid
missing
doses, do
not
discontinue
without first
consulting
your health
care
provider.
o Do
not drink
alcohol or
drink as little
as possible.
 There is an
inc. risk of
heap if
these two
drugs are
combined.
o Avoi
d foods
containing
tyramine,
consult a
dietitian to
obtain a list
of foods
containing
tyramine or
histamine.
o Hav
e periodic
medical
check-ups,
including an
eye
examination
and blood
test, to
evaluate the
drug effects.
o Rep
ort for
weakness, f
atigue, loss
of appetite,
 n/v,
yellowing of
skin or eyes,
darkening of
the urine,
numbness
or tingling in
hands or
feet,

Pyrazinamide Pyrazinamide, Once a day Anti- TB  Intensive phase History of drug-  Decreased renal  Observe for
an treatment of all formsof the 10 rights of
induced hepatitis excretion of uric acid.
antituberculous pulmonary and drug administration
drug, & current or
extrapulmonary recent (up to 6  Read the
the precise
mechanism of mth preceding) medication label 3
action tuberculosis liver disease. times
of pyrazinamide Porphyria,  Provide
is not peripheral & optic adequate
known. Its neuritis. information about
metabolite, the drug
Pregnancy &
pyrazinoic acid,  Assess for any
lactation.
which possible drug
is less active
interaction
in vitro
 Asses for any
may possibly,
be involved in condition which
the in vivo requires
activity of precaution or
pyrazinamide. contraindication
 Administer
drug before any
meal to prevent
reduction in drug
 efficacy
 Instruct
patient to report
any discomfort
after taking the
drug
 Encourage
the patient to take
rest after taking
the drug.

Ethambutol Ethambutol is Single daily Antituberculoti Ethambutol eliminates certain Ethambutol  loss of appetite  Assess patient
bacteriostatic c bacteria that cause hydrochloride is  upset stomach for infection
dose.
against actively tuberculosis (TB). It is used contraindicated in  vomiting (appearance of
growing TB with other medicines to treat
patients who are  numbness and wounds, sputum,
bacilli, it works tuberculosis and to prevent
by obstructing you from giving the infection to known to be tingling in the hands VS, urine and stool
the formation of others. hypersensitive to or fee and WBC.) at
cell wall. this drug. It is also  optic neuritis– beginning and
Mycolic acids This medication is sometimes contraindicated in blurring of vision during therapy.
attach to the 5′- prescribed for other uses; ask patients with known  Obtain
hydroxyl groups your doctor or pharmacist for optic neuritis unless specimens before
of D-arabinose more information. clinical judgemnet initiating therapy.
residues of determines that it Take drug as
arabinogalactan
may be used. indicated.
and form
Ethambutol  Not to be
mycolyl-
arabinogalactan hydrochloride is given to children 6
-peptidoglycan contraindicated in years below due to
complex in the patients who are optic neuritis
cell wall. It unable to appreciate  Provide
disrupts and report visual supplemental vita
arabinogalactan side ettects or min A. if not
synthesis by changes in vision contraindicated
inhibiting the
(eg, young children,
 enzyme unconscious
arabinosyl patients).
transferase.
Disruption of
the
arabinogalactan
synthesis
inhibits the
formation of this
complex and
leads to
increased
permeability of
the cell wall

Inhibits CHON IM Tubercul anti TB Infections caused by Allergy to Giddiness, vertigo,  Use in route
Streptomycin synthesis susceptible strain of aminoglycosides, tinnitus, ataxia, only: give by deep
osis 15
strains of gram mycobacterium tuberculosis. pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity IM injection.
negative mg/kg/day.
Herpes vacinia reactions, ototoxicity and  Ensure
bacteria, Max: 1 Serious infections caused by fungal infection. nephrotoxicity. adequate
mechanisms of g/day. For susceptible strains of Yersinia Potentially
lethal action intermittent hydration of patient
Pestis Fatal: Anaphylactic
and fully therapy: 25- before and during
shock, aplastic anaemia
understood, but 30 and agranulocytosis. the therapy.
functional mg/kg/day 2- Stevens-Johnson  Monitor for
integrity of cell syndrome and toxic hearing changes.
3 times/wk.
membrane epidermal necrolysis.  This drug can
Max: 1.5
appears to be only be given by
disrupted. g/dose. Myc
obacterium injection.
avium  Report hearing
complex changes,
infections A dizziness, and pain
s adjunct w/ at injection site,
macrolide, rash.
rifamycin
and
ethambutol:
15 mg/kg 3
times/wk for
the 1st 2-3
mth for
severe
disease