Piping Engineers derive basics from machine drawings and the geometrical drawings to represent the pipeline routing on the drawing. To represent a three plane piping in two dimensions of the paper, certain symbols are followed. The purpose of drawing is to give detailed information so that the pipelines could be fabricated and erected to satisfy the process'requirements.
Piping Engineers derive basics from machine drawings and the geometrical drawings to represent the pipeline routing on the drawing. To represent a three plane piping in two dimensions of the paper, certain symbols are followed. The purpose of drawing is to give detailed information so that the pipelines could be fabricated and erected to satisfy the process'requirements.
Piping Engineers derive basics from machine drawings and the geometrical drawings to represent the pipeline routing on the drawing. To represent a three plane piping in two dimensions of the paper, certain symbols are followed. The purpose of drawing is to give detailed information so that the pipelines could be fabricated and erected to satisfy the process'requirements.
Certificate Course
on
PIPING ENGINEERING
December 8 - 21, 2004
BASICS OF PIPING DRAWINGS
T.N. Gopinath
Consultant
Organized by
Piping Engineering Cell
Computer Aided Design Centre
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Powai, Mumbai - 400 076PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
PIPING DRAWINGS
THE BASICS
‘The drawings are always considered as the
Tanguage of engineers. The machine
drawings and the geometrical drawings are
taught in the basic engineering curriculum.
Piping Engineers derive basics from these to
represent the pipeline routing on the
drawing. There are two types of views used
in the piping drawings:
2) Orthographic- Plans and Elevations
'b) Pictorial - Isometric Views
Piping layout is developed in both plan view
and elevation view and section / details are
added for clarity wherever necessary. These
drawings are called the General
Arrangement of Piping. To represent a three
plane piping in two dimensions of the paper,
certain symbols are followed. Most
commonly used symbols are in Table 1.
Orthographic symbols are available in
templates that are used for speeding up the
manual drafting and also the symbol library
for computer drafting.
In complex piping system, especially within
the unit/plant building where orthographic
views do not illustrate the details of design,
pictorial view in isometric presentation is
drawn for clarity. Specially printed isometric
sheets are available with lines drawn
vertically and at 30° clockwise and 30°
counterclockwise respectively from the
horizontal axis of the paper by the use of
Piping Drawings
‘TN. GOPINATH
which 3D representation of the pipelines can
be prepared.
10 PLAN ISOMETRIC
PRESENTATION ‘OF A PIPING
SYSTEM
‘The purpose of drawing is to give detailed
information so that the pipelines could be
fabricated and erected to satisfy the process
requirements. Prior to making the piping
drawings the equipment layout drawings and
plot plan are prepared and these drawings
are-used as the basis for developing the
piping drawing, Sometimes ° preliminary
piping study is made, to fix the equipment
co-ordinates. The other data required for the
development of piping drawings are defined
in the paper on “Equipment and Piping
Layout”.
For presentation of unit piping layout the
scale adopted usually are 1:25 or 1:33va and
1:100 for the pipe ragk. There are different
sizes of drawing sheets available for the
preparation of the drawings. The Indian
Standard IS10711 standardises the drawing
sheets as below:
SIZE OVERALL DIMENSIONS
in mm (Untrimmed)
: 841 x 1189
: 594 x 841
420x594
- 297 x 420
. 210 x 297
PREPPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
TABLE 1
PIPING SYMBOLS
Wo. DESCRIPTION PLAN END VIEW 1 | END VIEW 2
1.0 | CHANGE OF DIRECTION
AT 90"
1.1 | DOWNWARD BENDING
fecay
hie ga
te
q
1.1.2 | SW jelbow oh
1.1.3) Serd elbow st
1.1.4| Figd elbow 5-H,
1
1.1 | UPWARD BENDING
1.2.1 | BW lelbow
1.2.2 | SW elbow
LLL EIS
1.2.3 Serd elbow
La [iia
Piping Drawings 7
cra} o04] 0-4] fre frso rao 2PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
ne DESCRIPTION pun | END view t | END view 2
: 1.0 |” CHANGE OF DIRECTION
At oo
1.2 | UPWARD BENDING
1.2.4 | Figd elbow
2.0] CHANGE OF DIRECTION
AT OTHER ANGLES
2.1 | OOWNWARD BENDING
Ors
j
2.2] UPWARD BENDING
C—O] CHO |GHO
He
2.3] 180" Returns
- Ceaser):
3.0 | BRANCHING
‘DOWNWARD
0 SS
3.1.2 [SW Tee .
- Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
DESCRIPTION PLAN ENO view 1 | END VIEW 2
1
BRANCHING
3.1 | DOWNWARD
|3.1.3| serd Tee ste
3.1.4] Figd Tee
3.15 | sdb connection O—S-—?
3.1.6 | Half Coupling
[ep eles
UPWARD
Fee aaa
3.2.1 | BW Tee
Os i
eh
3.2.2 | SW, Tee if
| SOLS S
[sz Serd Tee f i
Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
fi DESCRIPTION PLAN END VIEW 1 } END VIEW 2
0. 1
+
BRANCHING
3.2 | UPWARD
3.2.4) Flgd Tee c
3.2.6 |Half Coupling 4
3.2.5 | Stub connection| t
5-0-4 |s 1s
@
2
y PARALLEL LINES —s4—s— | 5—+4 }
-—
CROSS. LINES exam aoe
t
6.0] ROLLED ELeow oy 3 P| oo
eae
f
7.0 ROLLED TEE oe
Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
DESC END view 2
VALVES
IPTION ENO VIEW 1
8.1 | Hand!Wheel Operated
Figd Valve with 6
vertical hand wheel | S—1SH—§ ses
B.2 | Lever operated
Valve
cits [ahs | 8
8.3 | Hond lwheei operated
BW Valve with
rolled herd wheel | SES | GHG @
9.0] CONCENTRIC REDUCER axe
5 |s--4
10 | ECCENTRIC. REDUCER
FSU/ FSD
Po
Piping Drawings :PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
Piping General Arrangement is normally
drawn on A, size sheet. If the area to be
covered is small then A, size sheet is also
used. Piping group produces a ‘KEY PLAN’,
the plot plan on a small scale (1:500, 1:750 or
1:1000),-which can be accommodated on an
A, size drawing sheet as per scale and dividing
the area of the site into smaller areas identified
by key letters or numbers. This is added to the
piping drawing for reference purposes. The
subject area of the particular drawing is
hatched or shaded.
The dimensional details of the title
block are specified under the Indian Standard
1511665. The drawing sheet is divided along
the length and the breadth in equal spaces. The
longitudinal blocks are identified by alphabets
and those along the breadth numerically.
These co-ordinates are used to locate the area
on the drawing. The direction of the north is
taken either towards right or left on top of the
drawing sheet. This direction is kept constant
in all the areas covered in the plant, so also is
the scale of the drawing.
2.0 HOWTO START THE PIPING GA?
2.1 Obtain the drawings numbers and fill in
the title block, with the drawing number
and title at the bottom right hand comer
of the sheet.
2.2 Place the north arrow at the top lefi/right
hand comer of the sheet to indicate plant
north.
2.3 Do not plan drawing in the area above
the title block of drawing, as this is
allotted for general notes, number and
title of reference drawings, brief
description of changes during revision
and the bill of materials wherever
applicable.
Piping Drawings
24
25
26
27
3.0
31
32
33
34
Process equipment and piping have
priority on the Piping GA. The piping
drawings are started after fixing
positions of the bquipments.
Equipment layqut is reproduced on
the Piping GA fo its scale and drawn
on the reverse side in case of manual
drafting. In case of CAD: separate
layer is used... The major primary
beams and secondary beams are also
shown if area covered is indoor.
Pertinent background details which
govern piping touting, such as floor
drains, HVAC ducting, electrical and
instrument cable trays, etc. are also
drawn in faint ob the reverse,
Utility stations are also established so
that the most copvenient utility header
routing can be carried out.
DEVELOPMENT OF PIPING
GENERAL = ARRANGEMENT
DRAWING
The piping drawings should be
developed in such a way that all the
process requireshents are met with,
It is not always possible for the piping
drawing to follow exactly the logical
arrangement of the P & IDs.
Sometimes lines must be routed with
different junctipn Sequence and line
numbers and subsequently the list
may be changed.
Performance aiid economics have to
be considered in parallel while
deciding the routing.
Piping is represented by single lines
up to a size df 150NB and double
lines for sizes 200NB and above. This
7PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
is to save the time of drafting and to
avoid confusion.
In single line tation only the
centre line of te pipeline is drawn using
solid line and; in double line
representation the gctual size to scale is
drawn with centre fine marked in chain-
dotted lines.
35
3.6 Line numbers are, shown against each
line exactly’ in the same way as
represented in the P&I diagrams.
The change in specification should be
shown in line with P&I diagram. This
change is usually indicated immediately
to the downstream of the valve, flange or
equipment.
37
3.8 Valves should be drawn to scale with
identification mumber from the P&ID
marked thereon.
Draw valve hand wheels to scale with
stem fully extended. If it is lever
operated, then the movement of handle
position should be marked.
39
3.10 If a valve is chain operated, note the
distance of the chain from the operating
floor. i
3.11 Show location of each instrument
connection with encircled instrument
number taken fromP&ID.
3.12 Similar arrangement shall be shown as
typical detail or dovered in a separate
company standard jas Instrument Hook-
up drawings, =|
3.13 Draw plan view of each floor of the
plant and these vjews should indicate
how the layout will look like between
floors as seen fromtop.
Piping Drawings
3.14 Each line should be identified by line
number and should also show the
! insulation, tracing requirements, etc.
3.15 Lines, if required, shall be broken to
show the required details of hidden
lines without drawing other views.
3:16 Do not draw details that can be
covered by a note.
3.17 Draw plan to a larger scale for any
part needing more details and identify
itas “Detail ‘A™, etc.
3.18 Draw part isometric sketches or part
elevations to clarify complex piping
or piping hidden in the plan view.
3.19 Full sections through the plant may be
avoided if isometric drawings are
drawn for the lines. Part sections
where required shall be shown to
clear the hidden details in plan.
3.20 Sections in the plan views are
identified by numbers say 1-1, 2-2,
etc. and details by alphabets, og.
Satao
PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
i I See i
MATOHUNE AREA = 1
CeWERAL NOTES
REFERENCE ORAMIGS
3
| i aH
oon i
+ sola Teresa [ons Tas
1 Crore aes
pew Joss 1
— a ee
FIG. 1 : TYPICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PIPING
Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
EL
N1/350 ay
5504300
CON, RE
a G EL. 113.650M 3
101.580M
F5UCyp)
¢ OS.
Pl
2000
EL. 100.448M
IA oR2 (typ)
350x200 ECO.RED
BOTTOM PUMPS
| EL. 103.040M
IST, COLUMN.
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MM
x _
z
i z
FIG. 2: TYPICAL GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PIPING
Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
FIG.3: TYPICAL PIPING ISOMETRIC DRAWING
Piping DrawingsPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
4.0 ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS OR ISOs
| Piping isometries are three
dimensional representation or piping on two
dimensional of drawing, sheet. An isometric
drawing covers a complete line as per the line
list connecting one piete of equipment to
another. It should show all information
necessary for the fabrication and erection.
Isos are not drawn to scale but should be
proportional for easy —_ understanding.
Dimensions are given relative to centretine of
Piping.
Isometric drawing should also include the
following information:
4.1 Plant North - The direction should be so
selected as to facilitate easy checking of
GA with Iso
oie
PROPER NORTH ORIENTATION
Piping Drawings
IMPROPER. NORTH! ORENTATION
4.2 Dimensions and angles.
43° Reference number of P & IDs, GA
Drawings, line numbers, direction of
flow, insulation and tracing,
44 Equipment location and equipment
identification.
45 Give nozzle identification on the
connected equipment.
46 Give the details of flange on the
equipment if the specification is
different from the connecting piping.
47 Size and type of every valve!
Direction of operation.
48 Size and number of control valve.
4.9 Location, orientation and number of
each equipment,
4.10 Field weld - preferred in all directions
to take care of site variations, Can
also be covered with a general note.
4.11 Location of high point vents and low
point drains. Covered with a standard
arrangement note.
4.12 Bill of Material.
4.13 Requirements of stress relieving, seal
welding, pickling, coating, etc.
2PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
5.0 SPOOLS
When the piping is shop fabricated, the
isometric drawings are developed further to
cteate spool drawings. A spool is an assembly
of fittings, flanges ond pipes that may be
prefabricated. It does not include bolts, gaskets,
valves or instruments. A spool sheet is an
orthographic drawing of a spool drawn either
from piping GA or from an iso sheet. Each
spool sheet shows only one:type of spool and
5.1 Instructs welder to fabricate the spool
5.2 Lists the cut lengths of pipe, fittings and
flanges etc. needed to make the spool
5.3 Gives material of construction and any
special treatment of finished piping
5.4 Indicates how many spools of the same
type are required
Spool numbers are given to make the
identification easy. Iso sheets are identified
with line number it represents. Both the spool
and the spool sheet can be identified by a
‘umber or letter using the iso sheet number as
prefix.
‘Straight run pipes over 6 m are usually
not included in @ spool, as such lengths may
be welded in the system during erection in the
field. The size of a spool is limited by the
available means of transport.
AS a general practice Carbon Steel
piping 40NB and below are ‘field fabricated’.
All Alloy Steel and Carbon Steel spools 50
NB and above are normally ‘shop fabricated’.
Large diameter piping, being more difficult to
handle, more economically produced in
workshop.
Piping Drawings
6.0
6.1
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
DIMENSIONING OF
DRAWINGS
Sufficient dimedsions to be given for
positioning equipment and for
erecting piping.
Duplicating dirpensions in different
views should be avoided, as this may
lead to errors if changes are made,
Reserve horizontal dimensions for the
plan view.
If single pipe isto be positioned or a
Pipe connected; to nozzle is to be
indicated, then show the centre line
elevation and mark as €.
If several pipes are sharing a common
support, show elevation of Bottom of
Pipes and mark, as BOP EL. This is
more applicable to non-insulated
lines.
In case of several pipes on a pipe
rack, show the “Top of Support”
elevation and mark as TOS EL.
In case of buried pipelines in trench,
show elevation of bottom of pipes.
In case of drains and sewers, the
Invert Elevation! of the inside of the
pipe is marked as IE,
Centre lines of the equipment and
pipelines shall be located with
reference to the building column
centre lines or the co-ordinates which
‘can be considered as a reference base.
The distance between the lines shall
bbe dimensioned centre line to centre
line.
BPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
6.10 The horizontal noatles on the equipment 6.15 For foundation the Top of Grout
shall be located from centre to flange (TOG) elevation is shown. 1S"
face in plan. For yertical nozzles show
Face of Flange eleyation (FOF). 6.16 Show dimensions outside the drawn
view - do not cut pictures,
6.11 For valves, instruments and non -
standard equipments, show the 6.17 Draw dimension line unbroken with
dimensions from flange face to flange fine line. Write dimension just above
face. the horizontal line. For vertical lines
‘write sideways.
700 810
4
1120,
6.12 Flanged valves are located with 6,18 The dimension lines canbe
dimension to flange faces. Non-flanged ‘terminated. with arrow heads or
valves are dimensioned to their centres oblique dashes.
or stems.
7 6.19 If series of dimension is to be shown,
6.13 For flanged joints show a small gap string them together, Show overall
between dimension lines to indicate dimension of the string of
gasket. Flanged joitlts can also be shown, dimensions. Avoid one of the break-
without gasket but dover the same with a up dimensions to omit repetition and
general note and inglude gasket thickness error during changes,
in the valve or equipment dimensions.
6.14 For Finished Floor (FF) the elevation
shall be the high point of the floor,
Piping Drawings “4PIPING ENGINEERING CELL
6.20 Do not omit significant dimension other
than fitting make up.
Lo
| ee
6.21 For field run piping, give only those
dimensions which are necessary to route
piping clear of equipments and other
obstructions. Locate only those items
which are important to the process.
6.22 Underline out of scale dimensions or
mark as NTS.
6.23 Do not terminate dimensions at screwed
or welded joints.
7.0 CHECKING OF PIPING
DRAWINGS
Checking shall be done only on the print
or the check plot of the drawings and by
coloured pencils/pens,
‘A. Corrected areas and dimensions are
marked yellow.
-B. Areas and dimensions which are to be
deleted are marked green.
C. Areas to be cortected/incorporated on
the drawing are marked in red.
The new print after correction is “back
checked" for incorporation.
Points to be checked on the piping drawing
includes:
Piping Drawings
7.1 Title of the drawing.
7.2 Orientation - Nogth arrow against plot
plan,
73. Inclusion of graphic scale (if drawings
is to be reduced),
7.4 Co-ordinates of equipments against
equipment layout.
7.5 Equipment nymbers and their
appearance on the piping drawing.
7.6 Comect identifigation on all lines in
all views,
7.7. Line specification changes.
78 _ Reference drawing numbers and files.
7.9 Correctness of all dimensions.
7.10 Whether representation is correctly
made in line with the standard
symbols or not.
7.11 Location and identification of all
instruments. Requirements of
upstream / downstream — straight
Tengths. HOOKUP DEANIOY.
7.12 Insulation requirements as per P&IDs.
7.13 Piping: arrangement against. P&ID
requirements such as gravity flow,
seals, etc. :
7.14 Possible interference.
715 Correctness of scale in case of
General Arrang¢ment Drawings.
7.16 Whether all stress
requirements are met or not.
analysis
1sPIPING ENGINEERING CELL
7.17 Adequacy of clearance from - civil
structures, electrical apparatus and
instrument consoled.
7.18 Floor and wall openings.
6
719 Accessibility of operation and
maintenance space and provision of drop
‘out and handling areas.
i
7.20 Foundation drawings and vendor
‘equipment requirenients.
7.21 Details and section identification
mateh,
7.22 “Matchline” provision and accuracy.
7.23 Presence of signatures and dates,
7.24 Accuracy of BOM in Isometrcs.
7.25. Number of issues and revision,
Piping Drawings
16