PAPER PRESENTATION

ON
BUBBLE POWER

BY:

SAI RAM.K SAI KRISHNA.A

 INTRODUCTION
The power generation is based on principle of
“sonofusion”.
Sonofusion was derived from a related phenomenon,
“sonoluminescence”.

At one day it may become a revolutionary new

energy source.
Sonofusion Research team from various
organizations have joined forces to create acoustic
fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to
promote the development of sonofusion.
 SONOLUMINESCENCE
When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by an ultrasonic
acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of light of
extreme temperatures inside the bubble.

These flashes of light, known as ‘sonoluminescence’,

occur as the bubble implodes.
Chemical reactions occurs &yield of photons and ions
formed
Gas bubbles in liquid convert sound energy into liquid.
It is also called as single bubble sonoluminescenece
involve a single gas bubble trapped inside flask by a
pressure field.
 THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION
 Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement
fusion.
 In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled
flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the
motion of tiny gas bubbles.

 High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble

core .
 This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear
fusion.
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Vacuum pump
Pyrex flask
Piezoelectric crystal
Wave generator
Amplifier
Neutron generator
Neutron and gamma ray detector
Photomultiplier
Microphone & speaker
 Dueterated acetone(C3D6O).
 HOW SONOFUSION WORKS
Action of vacuum pump to remove natural occuring gas bubbles
in liquid because they can’t withstand high temparature&presure.
Fill the flask with deuterated acetone because this atoms can
easily undergoes fusion&fiuid can withstand high tension
without unwanted bubble.
For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to the ring
through wave generator&amplifier,then it contract&expand,flask
send pressure wave(max 1500kpa ,min -1500kpa) through liquid.
Fire a pulsed neutron generator when pressure reaches to lowest
point.
 ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)
The fast moving neutrons
may knock atom’s
nuclei&give their kinetic
energy to liquid
moleculesflying in the
flask create a bubble
cluster(about 1000
bubbles) in the
deuterated acetone
liquid.
Stage (2)
 By firing neutron
generator in low
pressure i.e, negative
pressure in the liquid
makes the bubbles swell
100000 times in size
(from nano to
millimeter-scale).
Stage (3)
The liquid pressure
turns positive and
compresses the
bubble, causing them
to implode with great
violence&creates
spherical shockwaves
within bubbles.
Stage(4)
The implosion creates
an instantaneous
pressure of 10 trillion
kilopascals and
temperature of more
than 100 million
degree C, making the
deuterium fuse.
 FUSION REACTION

Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable

outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium
and a proton.
The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in
a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity
generator.
 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP
NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE
We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is
fusing.

The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen

isotope tritium

The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron

detector.
 ADVANTAGES
It is self sustaining.
Easily control.
Produce more energy than it consumes.
Low cost.
Easily available raw materials.
Environmental friendly.
 APPLICATIONS
The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new
source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost
energy.

Compact detectors for security applications.

To analyze molecular structure of materials.

Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic

materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for
medical imaging to watch dials.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Fully self-sustained.

neutrons
CONCLUSION
For more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has
held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless
energy.
1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be
equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.
Deuterium abundent in ocean water ,1 cubic kilometer of
seawater could supply all the world’s needs for several
hundred years.
REFERENCE
www.purdue.edu
www.iter.org
www.washington.edu
Fuels& combustion-samir sarkar
Principles of inorganic chemistry-
puri,sharma,kalia.
ANY QUERRIES?
THANK YOU