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cxerxa oxpyraeanoe
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0A,4060

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t OTIlpURJl.Ca'

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nepeaaerca
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ae

t'AacHhlit,

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40
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y nepeaaerca high-back-wide-round,

H no

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apTHlCyJUfyuH

y-high-back-narrow·round_ cxerxa oxpyraeaaoe OTBepcTHe,

A-

pRAa.3

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gMl gna,,!:
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8,

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r AaCHble~

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8TOM 3aaKOM POl'O 8 OTMeqaeTCJI 06paaYlOT

ca.

H. H. Florme COBepmeHRO npaBHAbRO orrpe3ByxH H60Aee nepeaaero PHAa"! [loApo6Hee

high-mid-out-back

wide,

npa apTKKyJUlgBH
BByt< 60Aee

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ry6111

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3

A. A. PYA
H. H.

y.me
H e B. U n e.

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no

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§ 9. UeTporpaA.
Jl8b1l(a,

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A. 1938. CTp. 14.

1913-1914.

.10
JlSbl1Ce.

Ho

H8.AO TO RaN.

IUleTb

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liTO

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3RaKOM

nHCbMe HHor.lt~

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i;

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e,

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(T. e. BoA.i) (T. e. Jll:iA)


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6ypHT-MOBrOAbCKOM

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H illHOHij!HX H.

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corwacaerx B C.I\OBax nepezaero paza. Donae-e) ofiosnaaaercx mid-front-narrow,

"-""

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e

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0 A 0 r IPJ e C K 0 M Y II nBAeza B

P H B Yo H n y

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a)
.. BRAe 8

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XBHm9U

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B) 0

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C KOHelJHbIM

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au,

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aanparsep.

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p.RJta

1.9p9U (T. e. 19p9)


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(T. e.

(T. e. 060hiJH9)

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1')

B KOHue

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B pOAHTeAbHOM::

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9U, aanpassepe
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1

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it-

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A.,

XopH-6yp9:TCKHB rOBOp. § 5; 6YPHT. AeQMQrpaA. 1930, CTp. 38.


HHlKH:eYAHHCKKX

.r. A.

Cal{ e e B. 1930. CTp. 6;H.

lbOIH')THl(eCKHe

H.

non

n e.

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11
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.. ) DO acex

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big-front, npa

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B OAHOlll

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B OAHOM CAOBe

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rAaCHbIll

c A106blM rAaCHblM CHHrapMOHH3Ma, HX H8 "pRBeAeBHble,

rpynn.

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DO

rOBopall

Tall .e,

H. H.

nOD

CTp.

64.

e.

AAapCK}l;ii

rOBOp. A., 1930,

MonroAI'IU.

enG.,

1911. ([lOJlOaeaKa

'I.

I,

CTp.

60.

"

14

KPATKHA (J)OHETH"IECKHA 04"EPK

KaK MbJ BHAHK, AeAeHHe rxacnerx no CHHrapMOHH3MY He COBpa,4aeT C HX ~eJ\eHHelrll no !pKBHOAOrH'IeCKOMY npHHlJHny (eM. asnne Ta6ABg;y r AaCHblX).

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11 aCT aaoro HeM

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If

paarpaaaxeaae-eH DHChMeH~'

A. E 0 P

S TaM .m e, <:T p, 266.

11. H. M e

C60PHRK Nil 2. M., 1936,


lJ! a
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a. C e n

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25

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(1914 r.)
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----- _._-"

(1940 r.]
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----K. Map
1
2

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I, M. 1933, CTp. 175.

B B H ROB.

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p• .R4Ie'l'R're<:l(aJI TeOpHJI, CTp. 125.

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1 eM. N. Pop p ~ Die Nominalshmmbildungssuffixe ..• , B XX, Budapest, 1927). :l J. Den y. Grammaire de la langue turque, CTp. 2.35-236.

40

-------~--------------------------------------------------------------

MOPc!JOJ\OfHH

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1 B. .fl. B JI. It A U II H P IJ 0 B. HaAnHcH Hil Cl(aA8J: XIU.XaCKOro !!olCTy~TaHAzH. Hu. AT<. HayK CCCP, 1926, erp. 1259. 2 H. H. IT0 n Q e. MOHrOJl.ltcJ(u6 tUICJlHTe.u.lIlIJe (8 .. H3b1B.08eAUbU: rrpo6A8M8X DO 1.jHC.l\H~ TeAbUblM", A.. 1927, erp, 97-119); G. Ram s t 0 d t. Ueber die Zahlwiirter der altaischen Spraehen; WI. K 0 t w i e z, Contributions aux etudes altaiques, LWQw, 1930.

54
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1 G. J. Ram s ted t, Zur Verbstammbildung-slehre der mongolisch-turkischen Sprachen , Helsinki, 1912, CTp. 8; N. Pop p e, Das mongolische Sprachmatezial einer Leidener Handschrift ... HSB. AK. Hayte: 'CCCp, 1927, CTp. 1036. 2 C>TQBuepBbIC 3aMeTJiA el,ge A. Eo6pOBHIIKOB, eM. ero rpa'-'lll4aTl'U::Y CTp. 319--322.

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71
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ygJ«a, ·;'1l9U13 opou 6oA.mop uaans«: xaro H ,11;0 rroaaaer o aexepa ymeA
yTpOM

~HallI

yurex

arpars'],

B aTOM npaaepe
gRaw

MaAb1HfK,

aanaamacs

,1I;eerrpH'IaCTHe

yyma

srato, AO rtoaaaero
'HarrHBUIHCb' .

nesepa

He noseHrpbl

HJleT Toro,

KaK HAR KaKHM 06pa30M


cAyqae MOpeO

MaJ\.b'lHK
1OgZ33

Y1IIeA arpa'n»

xapaarep

MaAb'lHKa OCTaeTCH B AaHHOM

He~3BeCTHbIM.

"Hanr OTe!! rrpaasaax J\.OIlJa,1telt, ytipax Ky.q.a HYZHO TelLerH H yweA na coopaaae', OnHTb-TaKH B STOM npeaxoaseaaa AeenpHQaCTHH gHata ·(6YKBRAbHO: 'npaaaaaaaa') H 6o.. QO,l( (6YKsaXbHO: 'y6paB') He nOSlCHJlEOT U
aH,l(a

A6clAtHau

mspt»

caaiua

naaiuan»

60.... zOOI(,cgLta-

oUlO60

TOI'O, KaR

Ii KaKHM

B 06oH:x rrocxeaaax
norepa JJ;aHHbIx

06pasOM YlIICA
npHMepax

GTe!!

aa

cofipaaae,

aeenpasacraa
~JA3Ul3

gyma,
B HHble

gJlma, 6o . uool( 6e3


q>OpMhl, aanpmsep:
naasma H6aw33-

3HaqeHHH:

MaHUuXytY/YH
CMbJCA TOT

~'2Aeelyrp caiaaa yy6a, m.e (eM. aenne],


M.OpeO

MomBO nepeAeAaTb

opou 6o.Amop
naauiaue

A6aMHau
anua ouiotio -

YH6a,

m3pl3

1OyZ93

caaiua

6o..t2oDo, cgua-

CMblCA CJ\yqaRX

TOT me (eM. qYBCTByeTCjJ

asnue). MIIlIb ~ onpeaexeaaaa

060HX

nrepoxoearocre,

HO aaser-o rpaMMaTHqeCKH Aeenpl1'1aCTHe B I{aQeCTBe cxaayeaoro


aeenpnvacraoro

TOJ\bKO TeM H OTJ\HQaeTC$I OT

CTHAHCTH'IeCIU1S aenpaaaxunoro B HHX HeT. n cotUiHeHHOM npeaxosseaaa me CAHTHoro cKa3yeMOI'O,

It

"'

rAArOA&l

81
napaJl.AeAbHOe

"ITO OHO UMeeT cnce oCJleAYIDIJJ,e['o rxaroaa.


npHMepbl:

oco6oe

nOMezaIMee,

c nO,4Aem.aqpIM

Hapax
Hauap
Kal( II:01'.ll;a (HHopAa

iuasaaap
60AlIW,

tuapasca,
It

r63hs

1-I.0l00I-I.

mrpZ9H xama6a
H nTHUbl

<COA,Hv,e

oCTaAO CHA.bHO

npaneaare,

cxomeaaoe

ceao

6b1CTPO BblCOXAO'

my6YYIl apu.t6a 'Hacraaa oceae,


npe,ltAom.eBHH,· Tal(
,l.tBa DAB

YAeTeAU'
TorA8,

CAKTUbIe
CMblCAY

coxaaeaaere,
TeCHO

05paS}'lOTC.R
CBH3aHhI

no

6o.l\ee

AeHCTBHJI

ltam.e

HC
B

nplIlIHHHOA CYIllHOCTH

TOqKH

wy6gYll apu.t6a
:aTOM nepaaa ... ~eAHTHbiM

He OTAHlJaeTCH

SpeUH1I), HanpHMep: OT uauap 60.AXO/lO

Me~,!Iy co6oA nauap 60.UHO,

wy6YYA

apustia ~KorAa aacraxa oceas, TITH\;!bI fAeTeAX'. CAeAOBaTeAbBO, COIIUHeHHoe npeaaoaeaae HHOrJl;a MozeT 6blTb HeCO'lHBeBHblM DPeAAOme~Hell, [[PH
qaCTb TaKOpo·

npeAA02KeHHR.
060pOT.

npeAAomeHHeM, aarrpaaep: a6a6a6'R Bblme.J\ 60CHKOM aa yAHYY wphaHhaaR xyu.ma a66a6 ~H IIPOCTYAHAC.II

nepeaexesaaerca

B npHqaCTHbJA

Kal( BHAHO aa aroro npaaepa, To me caaoe npOUCXOA~T HCO Fasaa xr..t HIOC313H tapaas; .ryUnt9 II npOCTYAUACH = ULBaa xr..t HIOC9lBH OT Toro, QTO 60CHl(OM BbinleA

.aa

y.l\ugy.

>

* * *'
KaK BHAKO UB U3AomeHHOpo, Aee~pHqaCTHR B 6YPHT-MoBroAbcKoM H3lJ1Ke

'Cy~ecTBeHHO
TeM, H 'ITO

OTJl.HqalOTCR

B nOCJ\eAHeM

HOCHTe)leM AeitcTBHH

nps rxaroxe) OABO H TO me AHQO. nO-PYCCKH, aanpaaep, HeA~3g "Becb CKOT yurezura, OCTaAaCb AUWb OAlla necrpaa KopoBan.Ho
Jl8bIKe OTCTYI1Jl.eHHH OT H3AmKeHH01'O HHOCTpaHBo1'o

OT aeerrpavacraa PYCCKoro JlHTepaTYPHopO HSbfl(a npUMblKaHHe lteenpW{aCTHii K rAarOAY Tpe6yeT, QTo6b1 COSHaBaAOCb np" 060HX (T. e. B npa .4eenpHQaCTHH
CKa.8aTb:

B pycHMelOT (AHaAeKH8

CROM A.RTOpaTypHOM MeCTO nolI. BAMHHBeM "TOB),

npaaaaa

H3h1Ra HAU paarOBopHOH peqg


6b1AH CAeSbI AaKelf'

sax"
yeux'~

(repgeH);

aanpaaep:

"npOIYaHCb "npOX04H

CPaBHH «ppaHUY3CKoe:
(CI>eHeAoH) HY.ABCb .rpynnM lIaM.

,~En disant

co MHOIO B calI.Y, y aer-o xepes saxy, ell BCTpeTHACH


ces "rOBOpH

rAa-

6yKBaAbHo:

mots, les larmes ~TH C.I\OBa. CAe3b1


OT

lui vinrent
Y
Hero

(J\epMORTOB). aux aaaep-

aa rwaaa "1 • AeenpUlJaCTHH nepBoA rpynnbl

eQ!e OTAHqalOTCH

,!IeeIIpUqaCTHA BTOPOi{
I(

AeAO

TeM,

'lTO

nOCAe.!tHHe BBJUJIOTCSI &aI<-6bf 1ITO

6AH3RHM:H

HMeHHblll

cptlp'ITO

TOM,

4eenpBQaCTH.R BTopoD: rpynDbl


na,!lelKe
H npBHBMaTb

MoryT

ynpaBAJlTb

JlMeHar.m

B pOAHTeJl,bHOM
TOAbKO

paSABI:IHble

n:pHTR&aBHa.

.cBOilCTBeHBO

HMeBall'. aanpaaep:
HeAb3Sl:

MUHUU lUUHUU

R6aJlta ..•

Jl6ax ...

fflaHaU H6aQA •••


Jl6aJKQWHU •••

Jl6aacamH.au•.. RoaaulMHaU•.. R600/laa •..


R6aHUJHU MOatHO: H T. ,4.
/

Ho
MUHUU LUUHuU

H6amap

R6a6QA R6aoa.AfflHaU.

AO Moero YXOAa B CJ\y1Jae TBoero B cAyqae aamero


AO AO

YXOA4 YXOAa

R6amapHau R6amapaa

namero
cacero

YXOAa

yxoJta,
H T.

Jloaxa.JI.aapHaU
1

RaE( TOAbKO M'bl yWAB


PYCCI(Ol'O Jl.HTepaTypnoro

a;.
1937, 6

CTp.

306.

J\. A. 5 y.Il

a x 0 n c x H H.

Kypc

ft3l11Ka, XapbKoB,

82

MOP410.ll.0rHSl

113
He

AeenpUlIaCTHii

BTOPOH

I'pynnfll

TOAbKO

MrHOUeHHOe H saMeHeHRoe

npHHHMaEOT

npUTlI2KaRHS" H

aeynpaBABfOT Hape'llHeM;

HMeHaMH

BpOAHTeAbHOM. no CYIJ!eCTSY

naAe2Ee; 06'bHCBlIeTCR RBAReTCH "lIHCTblM" BHTb OTKPblTblM, T&K

STO TeM, 'liTO MI'HOBeHHoe AeerrpnllaCTHe OTl'AaI;:OAbHIlIM KaK see me

AeenpHQaCTHlI, TO Bonpoc

0 BeM ~8AO

AO

lITO m.e KaCaeTClI aasseasoro AeTaAbHoro 06C.II.eAOBaRHS OCTaI'OBOpaX (aAapCKOM) ORG-

B oTAeAbHbIx,
$I

yrrorpefiaaerca HHorAa 6u Roahgg6 ~qeM Te6e


rexeaoe ,ll;eenpHlIacTHe HBMleTCR,

C HMeHeM B pOAHTeAbHOM II8Ae2Ke: UTTU, Ayqme


B pacxer

tuunuu

R6a1lXaap
npoAoAMHD

rroit.w'. TaR

H8SblBaeMoe npHQaCTHeM

He npUHHMaeTCH, TaR KaK OHO DO CYIYeCTBY nponreamax H,

qJopMe

RaK

HBBeCTHo,

naAe2Ke no yeAHJ

(Jloahaap)

C BblflaAeaHeM

xoaesaoro
BTOpoA

"ITO 06bIqaO ({af{ yme

u AJUI

0pYAHOM> ApyrHX-

HNeH c aTHM corAaCHblM. CO,llep1Ea:8:HEO,1teenpHQaCTHlI YCAOBHH, npeaexa, rpynDbI, rOBopHAOCb~ BblprutiaEOT ,lleHCTBHR, lIBAHlOI!1HeCH A}Ul

3, H R8 CTp. TO 2&e caaoe,


HMeHHblX TUIlOD no

76).

MOMeHTa,

~pyrKx AeitcTBHH OOCTOSlTeAbCTBOM otipasa H T. u. (eM. npn:MepbJ P" A, e, ~~.

I1HblMH H

CAODaMH, 9TH AeeIJpUlIaCTU.s

Bblpa2EalOT B 061!!eM
OTf'AarOAbHO-

'ITO

B PYCCKOM 1I3bIKe IJepeAaeTCSI DpH nOMOIgH IJpHp;aTOQHo'no,<J;1JHHeHHOro

y.

COqeTaHBH

(CM. asmre nepenozer npaxepoa), csoea CHHTaKCHqeCIWH cpyHK!!HH n01JTK HHt;[eM He orxasarorca OT npaqacTHli, AaBaeMbiX BO ncex KOCBeHHblX II8Ae.max: H TyT H' TaM AOrHlJ:eCKHit
cy6beKT AeikTBHH rrepezaerca
~

npeAA02KeHH~ paaaerx ,AaJ\ee AeenpHQaCTHH BTOpoD rpynmll

HNeHeM

B
>

pO,ltHTeAbHOl\l

na,.t;ez.e

(B xaaxa-

MOHrOAbCROM 1I9blKe -

H B BHHHTeAbHOM).
npu MoeM yxoAe '0 MoeM YXOAe' •••
if'

cpaaaa:
, 'MOH
,

uunuu. H6axa/la
MUHUU

R6ahanuue manaii R6ahanhaa


AeenpSqaCTHH

yxoll

OT

roro,

'ITO BbI nOWAH ••• ;


KaK H

OT
0

aanrero

YXOAa

'

BTOPOH rpynnsr,

n pHQaCTHg,

xocaeamsx

ualle.max.

npHHHMalOT

pa3.J\UQHble npHTH2KaHHH.

Fl p a a e p er :
R6amapaa

Il6amapWHu

R6axa/laa R6ahaHAaw.H.u
SlOaXlJleMH.U

Roa6a.A.HU
CKa3aHHOI'O

H T~ A.

BnOAHe

AOCTaToqHO

"'AH

TorOt

t;[To6hI

onpaezare pesxoerpynDaMH

11, 6blTb MOz.eT, cxezosaao 6h1. HaHMeHOBaHHe "AeenpnllaCTHe " coxpaaare AHWb AMI nepaojt ' rpynnbl, T. e. ,ltAH coeAHHHTeAbHoroCARTHoro H paSAeAHTeJl.bHOrO AeenpHQaCTHit, npHAYMaB AAH BTOpOft I'pynn~
,1teenpHl[aCTHu.

npaaganaaxeaoe

pa3AAQHe

Me2'lAY

nepeQHCAeHHblMH ABYIUI

KaKoe-HH6y~b
qJ0PMbI"
HAH

ApYI'Oe

HaHMeHOBaRHe:
B aTOM

"MOAaAbHble"

H ,,06cTOHTeAbcTBeHHble·

IITO-HK6YAb 6oJ\ee

AeenpHQaCTHH BBTHH H

BTOpOn rpYIIObI,

no

poae. MbI cpaaaeaaro

YlEe He

e AeeupHlIaCTHHMH
na
nyTHX

rOBopKM

0 TOM, liTO

rpynner, rrepexaxa $OpM


CAeAaH

SHaQHT'AbHbI6

H3MeHeHHH

2te nepaok caoero pas-

HblHeWHero

r. H. PaMCTeATOM:.1
AeenpHQaCTHblX

CTaHoBJ\eH~H.

I1cTOpa'leCKHfi

06309

AeenpHlJaCTHblx AH<PCPOpMllI
OHM CB~-

nO.9BAeHHe

!POpM 6bJAO

CBHsaHO C qtoHeTnqeCKOii

q>epeHgHa!!Heit OTAeAbHblX tpOpM, conpOB02KAaeMOA y,Heti. TaJ(, aanpaaep, OTHocHTeAbHo AeeIIp~qaCTHH

ceM8STHQeCKOii q,luHa-

map (cap)
saHbI

npeaexa

Hero xro

H xa.J\xa-MOHrOAbCKHX nHCbMeHHOM rAe

/lCLt H

mcu.

1Il0JKROcxaaare,

c q>OPMOH OTI'AarOAbHoro

HMeHH H3blRe

B
B

,4a.t (oaiiAa..t
.popMy'

~COCTOHBHe' H T. BToI'O

n.),

MOHrOllbCKOM BH~e
1

HMeeM

JJ;eenpH1:!aCTHJI

mas-a,

,OKOHQaHHe MeCTHOI'O naAeXfa.

G. ]. Ramstedt.

Ueber die Konjugation ...

err. 104---119.

CAOB0113MEHE.HHE
T01fHO

83

raxae "CTaAU" .~eenpHqaCTHHMH BTOpoA rpynnei 6y,a;YIJ!,ee npaxaB· qJOpMe p;aTeAbHO-MeCTHOI'O naaessa (AgYAaxaa HAR AygAaxWla r1fT06bI nere"], npomenmee npR'IaCTOe B 0pYAHONI naaesse (R6ahaap 'rrpoaoxacasr HTTll) H T. 04.1 TaKBM 06paSOM, B aeeoropsrx CAYlJaBX MbI UMeeM BBAeHUR I'paliMaTHKaAH3aYHH onpezexeamsx HMeHHbIX <P0PM B xaxecrse ,lJ,eenpH'1aCTHH BTOPOH rpyrmsr, lJeM H 06bJlCWleTCH TO, 'ITO nOCAep;HHe MoryT ynpaBAHTb HMeHaMH B pop;HTeAbHOM nazease, npHHHMaTb uparaaarexsaere
CTUe
Ol<:OHlJaHHH H T. CKa3aTb 0

aeenpnsacraax

J:to,

T. e.

KaK

nepaoa rpynrnr,
HMeHHOI'o

6b1. CKAOBHTbCH,

sero

HHKOHM 06pa30M

BeAb3J1

CAeAOBaTeAbBO,

,lJ,eerrpHlJaCTHH

BTOpOn
AHlllb

rpynnbI--6eaYCAOBHO

npoRcxomAeHHH,

H nOJlBHAHCb OHH
CHCTeMbl

nOCAe ror-o,

RaN: rrpOWAO MHoro

BpeMeHH nOCAe 06pa30BaHHR

CKAOHeBH}I Boo6IYe.

CAOBOB3MEREHHE • B
6YP.RT-MOHrOAbCKOM T. B3b1Ke] cpeJtCTBOM K OCBOBe CAOBOH3MeHeHHH B3MeH}leMOrO SlBAHeTcn arrAlOTHHagHH1 BeTCTBYlOlYero

e.

"np1:IKAeHBaDHec,

CAOBa COOT-

OCHOBa ueCTb q}QpMa CAOBa, aKTBBHoe MOP<POAOPHqeCKOe CYlMeCTBOBaHHe, T. e. CIIOco6Ba5[ nopoxaar» APYl"He CPOPMbI".2 OCROBOR AAH H.3MeneHHH HMeH C~BTaeTCR, xax H3BeCTHO, 1popMa AMeHHTeJ\hHoro DaAema. Ho B HeROTOPblX c.II.yqa.HX ocaosa HMeHH He cosnaaaer c qwpMoA HMeHHTeAbHoro naaezsa, KaK aTO 6YAeT HH4Ke rroxasaao aa npaxepax CKAOHeHHH JlHlJHbIX MeCTOHMeHH" H B CHHTaKCHce. CYIMeCTBY ronops, ocacaa BMeSH H l»opMa HMeHllTeAbHoro nal(ema no CBoeMY 3HalJeHHIO Hnplifpop;e He OARO H TO me,. IOTH B 60AbmHHCTBe cxyxaea OHM naeume H COBnaAalOT Apyr C APYl'OM.3 CKasaHHoe H8XOAHT cnoe nOATBep2KAeHHe B OTp;eJ\.bHIlIX BBAeHH)lX CHHOROHQaBHH. C.II.et\OBaTeAbHO,

cnocodaaa

aa

.4aJ\.bBe~mee

no

TaKCHca;

aanpxxep, N:OTOpbIe naAeaa

aeaoropsre
npa

nocxexora

H cxoaa

co 3HalleHReM

nOCAep;IQIX MeCTo-

ynoTpe6ABlOTCSI

AHlllb

TaKHX

HMeHHii,
TeAbBOpo

aaennre Tex me MeCTOHMeHHA:


a)

OCBOBax AHlJHblX Ii YKaaaTeAbBbl:X COBepmeHHO He COBna,ltaIOT C ¢IopMaJiH

HMeHH-

'
H0

a> 0 P M lit
3H.3

mspo
ma

.
~

BM

e
,

HT

e .\ b
(J,

r
Jt

II

aAe

IK a: \

~ TOT ~,
Bbi
1>1 8 T Ii X

STOT

~U

~~ tThl'
< ,

WU

alIB
3!:. e

6) 0 C HOB
3H.8911. m3p39H mall.

Me C TO"

9HB8H A33p8 m3p93H man AOpO A99p9


t

.
t
t

OHH,

aTH

Ii e H H

Ha STOM

,

ii:

noa TeM

BaA Balla

HaM

H.UM /l33p3

r'HaAO MUOIO'
e

WaM. A89p8 9,4331t. COO

HaA

To6oJO'
HIIX
,

cpeAR

Oco6eHBO
6AeHnH HK c

xapaarepao,

nccxeaoraaa a He HMeHaTeAbBoro. npMMepbI:

tITO OCHOBbl AHqHblX MeCTOHMeHHK npa 3aMeHHIOTCR cpopMaMH pOAHTeJl.buoro

yncrpe-

naAelKa,.

MUHUU ,40pO (IieAb39: WU1I.UU 489p9

6u
tJaCTb

1I0PO)
t

noao MHOIO
HaA

(HeAb3s:r: UlU ~99p9)

To601O'

1 H. H. Il o n II e. Ar.apcRHH rOBOp. die Konjugation •.• CTp. 104-119. 2 CM. H. H. no II II e. fpaMMarn:Ka 3 TaM lKe, CTp. 108-109.

1. CTp. 120-127.

G.

J.

Ram 70.

te d t. Ueber

6YrRT~MoHrO"'bCKOf'O }I.3bU<a, CTp.

6*
/

Mopq,OAOrH11

T aKUM
aTO pUHble Hoe AaeT 6AJ1lOTCR 'B IOpTe'

o6paso~
BergH,

HCBO, xro

OCROBa BMeHH H

J\BWb BReWHe

!popMa HMeBHTeAbHoro 'nBAeza COBlIaAalO1!!,HeApyr C ApyrOM. HSAoaeBliTO nOCAeAorB HHKorAa Be ynOTpe-

HaM OCHOBaRHe yTBep~AaTb, "PH H

q>opMe BMeHHTe.l\bHOrO naAe2Ka; TaK B npaaepax Xj7X8A' AQmOp 'cpeaa AeTelf MbI YCM:8TpUBaeM .IlHWb lap ~EOpTa' H xrrX911 'AeT~'J HO He <POPMbI HMeHHTeAbBoro naAema. OCHOBoJ:i AJUI HSl'4eHeBHR rwaroxa .RB.I\JleTCH !popMa 06pal!!eHHR
eAHHCTBeHHoro HenpO~3BOAHoro AHga. CAoaa "lTO COBII8AaeT C KopaeM RAH nO"lTH He aOCAeAHero ()CKOBa

UJp

coo

OOHOBbI KO BTa-

POMY AHyy

BCeI",4at H AHWb C ,ApyrOM.

npa aexoropisx

nOqTH

OMepTBeAhlX

OMepTSeAbJX. COBnaAaEO'i'

.<pHKCax 1III0mHO YCTaHOBKTb,

KOpeH,b

ocaoaa

cyq.APyr

Ilp a a e p er r
KopeHb+ CY¢<fl!{KC

o c a o B a:

ca+

hart.

m3M9+ AgAa+ xoic+


CAOB C nO'!(o6HblMH

9H(+- 19H.) an (4- lail)


RO
OMepTBeAbIMH C NopHeM, B

haH.

cahan
yhaH. m3M33H
A!]AaaH
XOUHO
u

e
e

caeI'

,
,

BOAa

'Bep6AlOA

'rerrxo' •n03aAH

cyqul>HKcaMH,

T. e.

CAOB, "SblKe

OCHOBa He

coanaaaer

KOT0p'IJIX AOBOAbRO

6YPHT-MOHrOAbCKOM

MHoro.

OAHO~ OCROBe MOlKeT IIpH'COe,lPlHHTbCH HeCKOAbKO OKOHlf:aHRii,I

HBUPR-

Mep:

-rpyqKa'), 3) OROB"laBHe
RMeH

2)

6aplOgpH.ygAmaH.fJ ~K ero pYQKaM'. OTO CAOBO pacnaAaeTCR'Ha: 1) sopens (6apu tAepmH'),


CYCP<PHKC lOgp,

o6paaylOJ,YHit

HM$I

OT

l'AarOAbHott o6paaYIOI!lee

OCHOBIlI BTOpylO

(6aplOYp oeRoay

MHOilteCTBeHBoro

tlHCAa

HYYllt
.

"B
:Moro apR

4) OKOB"laHHe 4aTeJ\bRO-MeCTHoro nazeaa ma (6aplOgpnYYAma 5) qaCTHga npHTHJSaHH.R: TpeTbero A.Hg;a Hb, 03Sa'l8lOIgaJl "ero"
6YP.RT-MOBrOAhCKOM .R3b1Re Hapal!!eHHe CAOBa H.I\H CJ\OBOH3MeHeHRe B g;eAoM OKoHllaHHi: IIpe3B.bIQaAao STOM IIOQTH He npeTeprreBaeT HHKaKHX B3MeHeHBA,

(6aplOypHYYA •PYlIKH'),

'

fit pyqKaM'), BAB ·JtHX". OCHOB8 OKOH-

K OCROBe H3MeHHenpocrees a orAaCOBKa

qaHHi:i DOAHOCTblO 3aBHCHT OT BOK3.JlU3Ma HSMeSJleMOrO cxona B COOTBeT'CTBHH c saKoHOM CHHrapMOHB3Ma I'AaCHblX, 0 qeM YMe rOBopHAOCb Bblme
B paSAeJle <poHeTIIKK. f]OSTOMY MbJ B

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