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Current-Mode: An Overview: J-F Perotto, CSEM & EICN
Current-Mode: An Overview: J-F Perotto, CSEM & EICN
jean-felix.perotto@csem.ch
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Definitions
Voltage-Mode
Current-Mode
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
In integrated circuits world,
Current-Mode offers some advantages over Voltage-Mode :
high speed
• performances improvement low power consumption at high frequency
high signal dynamic range
low cross-talk & switching noise
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Current-Mode in analog continous-time circuits
Two examples :
• Pseudoconductance network
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Voltage-Mode Amplifier : needs a low output resistance
to drive the parasitic capacitance.
Idd
+ Fc = 1
2π Rout Cout
Rout
Uin
Cout Uout
-
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Voltage-Mode Amplifier : needs high value feedback and
ponderation resistors.
R4
R1
Uin1
R2
Uin2 +
R3
Uin3
Cout Uout
-
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Current-Mode Amplifier : - quasi-infinite output resistance,
- no feedback or summing components,
- simplicity
Vdd
Iin1 I0 GI0
Iin3
S1 S2 Cout
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Pseudoconductance
MOS current can be expressed as : i = I S [ f (Vg ,Vd ) − f (Vg ,Vs )] with I S = 2nβU T
2
IS
G* = V0 is an arbitrary voltage
V0
Which can be rewrited as: i = G * (VA* − VB* ) giving G* and V* conductance
and voltage dimension
V * = V0 f (Vg ,V )
VA G VB
i = G (VA − VB )
i
VA G* V
* * * B
i = G (V − V )
A B
i
From the current point-of-view, MOS transistor behaves as a resistor 1/G
which only depends of β and Vg
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Pseudoconductance (cont.)
In strong inversion :
2nβU T2 V − VD 2 V − VS 2
i >> I S : i = [V0 ( sat ) − V0 ( sat ) ] G*
V0 2U T 2U T
In weak inversion :
V −V −V
2nβU T2 UsatT D S
G*(Vg)
i << I S : i = e [V0e UT − V0e UT ]
V0
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Linear network with pseudoconductances
I I
2G 2G 2G G
2β 2β 2β β
Vpol
G G G G
β β β β
I/2 I/4 I/8 I/16 I/2 I/4 I/8 I/16
Iout Iout
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Current-Mode in analog discrete-time circuits
(Switched-Current technique)
Three examples :
• current integrator
• switched-current ∆ modulator
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Classic Voltage-Mode Track-and-Hold
Φ follower
UIN C -
UOUT
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Current-Mode Track-and-Hold
Vdd
Φ
IBIAS IBIAS
symbol
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Classic Voltage-Mode Integrator
C
Resistor version
R
-
UIN +
UOUT
C
Switch-cap version
Φ Φ
-
UIN αC +
UOUT
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Current-Mode Integrator
Φ Φ current duplicator
FS
1 OSR>>1 1
H ( z) = H ( s ) ≈ FS
z −1 s
z-domain Laplace
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Application: Biquadratic Filter
Vdd
1
a0 a1 a2
FS FS
IIN
1 1
FS FS
s s
IOUT
b0 b1 1
1
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Application : 1st Order 1 Bit ∆ Modulator
Vdd
IREF
act as current
FS
sign detector
IIN 1
Output bit stream
FS D Q
s
F ’S
-IREF
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN
Conclusion
Technology Leadership Day 2000 Current Mode: an Overview © J-F Perotto, EICN